Okra

I-Okra, noma ngesiLatin - edliwayo i-hibiscus (Hibiscus esculentus), amanye amagama we-okra, i-gombo noma iminwe yamakhosikazi ayimifino yaminyaka yonke evela emndenini omubi. Kuyisitshalo esinenkathi yokukhula ende kakhulu. Ukuphakama kuyehluka kuye ngokuhlukahluka kusuka ku-20 cm (izinhlobo zemifino) kuye ku-2 m (ubude).

Lesi sitshalo sinesiqu esikhulu esinezikhuni eziphakeme ezansi, esigcwele izinwele ezinzima. Amaqabunga makhulu, anezimbali ezinde, akhanyayo noma aluhlaza okotshani, kunalokho makhulu, anama-lobes amahlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa, njengesiqu, i-pubescent. Izimbali, ezicishe zifane nensimu evamile yensimu, zingashadile, zinkulu, ziyabesilisa nabesifazane, zikhilimu ophuzi ngombala, ezitholakala kuma-axils amaqabunga kuma-pedicels amafushane e-pubescent. Izithelo ze-Okra ziyizigaxa ezimise okomunwe, zisuka ku-6 kuye ku-30 ​​cm ubude. Kudliwa amaqanda ama-green amancane kuphela (anezinsuku ezi-3-6 ubudala), izithelo ezivuthwe kakhulu ezimnyama onsundu azinambitheki neze. Izithelo ze-Okra zidliwa zombili zisanda kutsha (zifakwa kumasaladi), bese zibiliswa, ziyisitshulu, zithosiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyomiswa, zifriziwe, futhi zisemathinini.

Izithelo ze-okra ezingavuthiwe kanye nembewu zifakwa njengesinongo kumasobho nososo, okuthola kulokhu ukunambitheka okumnandi kakhulu kwe-velvety nokuvumelana okunamandla. Imbewu engakavuthwa - eyindilinga, eluhlaza okotshani noma yomnqumo, ingashintsha kalula uphizi oluhlaza, bese kusetshenziswa imbewu evuthiwe futhi eyosiwe ukwenza ikhofi le-gombo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-okra futhi zehluka kakhulu kumkhuba, izikhathi zokuvuthwa, ukuma nosayizi wezithelo. Isibonelo, kuRejista Yombuso ungathola izinhlobo ezilandelayo: I-White Cylindrical, i-White Velvet, i-Green Velvet, i-Dwarf Greens, iLadies Fingers (ngasendleleni, ukuhunyushwa kwegama lesiNgisi lesitshalo kuzwakala kanjalo), uJuno. Kepha amakhulu eminyaka, i-okra nayo yayiyisitshalo eselapha.

Umlando wesiko

I-Tropical Africa ibhekwa njengezwe le-okra; esimweni sasendle, isalondolozwe eNubia esifundeni iBlue Nile. Abavubukuli kanye nama-paleobotanists bathole imikhondo yalesi sitshalo endaweni yamasayithi abantu ngesikhathi seNeolithic. ESudan, lesi sitshalo silinywe cishe iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha. Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka, ezweni lakubo, i-okra isetshenziselwe ukudla hhayi kuphela izithelo ezincane esizijwayele, kepha namaqabunga. I-fiber eqinile yatholakala ngeziqu zokwenza izintambo namasaka. Izimbewu ezivuthiwe e-Arab East zisetshenzisiwe, zosiwe kuqala njengendawo yekhofi. Kwesinye isikhathi impuphu yembewu yayifakwa ngamabomu ekhofi ukuthambisa ukunambitheka nokunikeza iphunga elimnandi. Ngokuvamile, igama lesiLatini lalesi sitshalo, u-Abelmoschus, livela kwelesi-Arabhu elithi habb-al-misk, elisho ukuthi “indodana yemusk.” UMusk wayehlonishwa kakhulu eMpumalanga futhi konke okwakukhumbuza ngakho kwakuphathwa ngenhlonipho enkulu. Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zinhlamvu ezifanayo ezigazingiwe zazingezwa lapho kwenziwa i-sorbet (sherbet). Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbewu evuthiwe iqukethe u-oyela onamafutha ofinyelela kuma-25%, obusetshenziswa njengokudla noma ukugcwalisa amalambu kawoyela.

Ngesikhathi sokunqotshwa kwama-Arabhu, i-okra iza eSpain, lapho ifakwe khona ngokuqinile ekudleni kwaseSpain, futhi ukusuka lapho iqala ukudabula iYurophu, ikakhulukazi eningizimu. Idume kakhulu emazweni amaningana aseNingizimu yeYurophu (iBulgaria, iGrisi), iMelika, i-Afrika ne-Asia. I-Okra yayitshalwa eNdiya ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-Neolithic. Abavubukuli bathole izindawo zokuhweba phakathi kwesiko langaphambi kwama-Aryan nabantu baseMpumalanga Afrika. E-cuisine yase-India, i-okra isetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-chutneys futhi, ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuncane, ukuvimba isobho. Ngendlela, kuze kube namuhla, i-India iphethe irekhodi lokukhiqizwa kwe-okra - amathani angu-5,784,000, okungaphezu kwawo wonke amanye amazwe ahlanganisiwe.

U-Okra wafika ezwenikazi laseMelika kudala. Kukholakala ukuthi wayevela ezigqilazweni zokuqala ezimnyama ezivela e-Afrika, ezazisebenzisa i-okra njengesitshalo semilingo sehlelo leVoodoo. Futhi lapho lesi sitshalo samukelwa ngentshiseko ngabantu bendawo. Isibonelo, ukuvela kwayo ekudleni kwaseBrazil kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, futhi kwasabalala eNyakatho Melika - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13. E-United States yanamuhla, ithandwa kakhulu ezifundazweni eziseningizimu, futhi ihlotshaniswa nesiCreole kanye ne-African American cuisine. ERussia, lesi sitshalo sitshalwa kuphela emasimini amancane eKrasnodar naseStavropol Territories.

Ukukhula, ukukhiqiza kabusha, ukunakekela

I-Okra yisitshalo se-thermophilic, kepha esifundeni sethu singakhuliswa ngempumelelo ngokusebenzisa izithombo, futhi isibonelo sokuphumelela kwengadi yamaloli kwaba isivuno se-okra endaweni yaseMelekhovo ngaphansi kwe-AP Chekhov. Imbewu ye-Okra ihluma kancane - amasonto ama-2-3. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, zifakwa emanzini afudumele usuku lonke. Kungcono ukuhlwanyela kumabhodwe we-peat noma amakhasethi, ngoba lesi siko asikubekezeleli ukufakelwa kahle. I-Okra ine-taproot engenamagatsha abuthakathaka futhi lapho izitshalo zitshalwa ngaphandle kwegoda lomhlaba, kungcono zigule isikhathi eside, kuthi kokubi zivele zife. Izinga lokushisa elifanele lezithombo ezikhulayo lingama-22 + 24 ° C. Izitshalo zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile enhlabathini efudumele kahle ngemuva kokuba ingozi yesithwathwa yasentwasahlobo isidlulile; esifundeni saseMoscow kungukuqala kukaJuni noma ngaphambili, kepha kunethuba lokukhosela. I-Okra ithanda izindawo ezinelanga nenhlabathi elula evundile. Ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukwengeza i-superphosphate - njenganoma isiphi isitshalo okuvunwa kuso izithelo, i-okra idinga ukukhuphuka kwamanani ale nto. Isikimu sokufika 60 × 30 cm.

Ukunakekela - ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukususa ukhula nokunisela. Isiko limelana nesomiso, kepha esimweni sezulu esomile nangesikhathi sezithelo sidinga ukuchelela okuvamile nokuchichimayo. Iqhakaza cishe izinyanga ezimbili ngemuva kokuhluma. Izinsuku ezingama-2-4 ngemuva kokubuna kwembali, kwakhiwa isithelo, okumele siqoqwe. Izithelo ezindala ziqinile futhi azimnandi kangako. Ukuhlanza zonke izinsuku eziyi-5-3 kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yiqhwa, okungukuthi, kuze kube sekufeni kwesitshalo. Njengoba sekushiwo, izitshalo ze-okra zimbozwe yi-pubescence eminyene, futhi abanye abantu abaxhumana nezinwele kubangela ukungezwani komzimba nokunwaya.

Izinambuzane nezifo ze-Okra

Njengezitshalo eziningi zemifino, i-okra ingahlaselwa yizifo nezinambuzane. Isikhunta se-Powdery singadala ingozi enkulu. Kubonakala njengokuqhakaza okumhlophe okukhulu ezinhlangothini zombili zeqabunga nakwezinye izingxenye zesitshalo. Umenzeli walesi sifo ubamba ubusika ezindaweni zokungcola zezitshalo. Ukuze kugwenywe ukusabalala kwayo, izinsalela zezitshalo zisuswa ngokushesha futhi ukhula lususwe ngokuhlelekile luzungeze indawo abamba ukushisa, okuyizinto zokuqala ezithinteka yisikhunta se-powdery futhi ezithwala lesi sifo: i-plantain, i-comfrey, i-sow thistle.

Indawo ensundu ithinta isitshalo endaweni enomswakama ophezulu ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nakuma-hotbeds. Ohlangothini olungenhla lwamaqabunga ezitshalo, kuvela izindawo eziphuzi, ezansi - ukuqhakaza ekukhanyeni kokuqala, bese kuba nsundu. Ngomonakalo omkhulu, amaqabunga aba nsundu futhi ome. Umenzeli walesi sifo ubamba ubusika ezindaweni zokungcola zezitshalo.

ITrrips yisinambuzane esincane esikhubaza ikakhulukazi ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Ngenxa yokuzala kwabo, ama-thrips angalimaza inani elikhulu lezitshalo ngesikhathi esifushane. Amabala amhlophe-aphuzi avela emaqabungeni asezinsikeni zawo, amaqabunga, anomonakalo omkhulu, aba nsundu futhi ome.

Lapho kuvela ama-thrips, kusetshenziswa ukumunca neziphuzo zezitshalo ezibulala izinambuzane zikapelepele obabayo (50 g / l), umhlonyane (100 g / l), njengenketho exotic - izikhumba ze-orange, tangerine, ulamula (100 g / l). Ukuze unamathele kangcono, isixazululo ngaphambi kokufafaza kufakwa ku-20-40 g wensipho yokuwasha ngamalitha ayi-10.

Amagobolondo amaklabishi, amacimbi awo avela maphakathi noma ekupheleni kukaMeyi, anamandla kakhulu ngokungajwayelekile. Zidla cishe wonke amaqabunga, kusale imithambo kuphela. Ngenani elincane, amacimbi avunwa ngesandla, futhi ngenombolo enkulu kakhulu - ukufafaza ngamalungiselelo ezinto eziphilayo: i-bitoxibacillin noma i-lepidocide (40-50 g nge-10 l lamanzi).

Eminyakeni emanzi, ama-slugs angahlasela i-okra, alwa ngayo ngezindlela zendabuko nazo zonke izindlela: asusa ukhula, athukulule inhlabathi ngokucophelela, ahlele izingibe lapho kufihlwa khona ama-slugs, afafaze ama-aisles ngomlotha, i-lime noma i-superphosphate, futhi abeke ubhiya emathileyini lapho behla benyuka ndawonye.

Futhi kuphakama umbuzo - ngabe yini yonke le migilingwane? Ingabe ikhona eminye imifino embalwa, engabizi kangako?

Izakhiwo eziwusizo nezelaphayo ze-okra

Izithelo ze-Okra zicebile ngosawoti wamaminerali, ama-organic acid, amavithamini C, E (0.8 mg /%), K (122 μg), iqembu B (B1 - 0.3 mg /%, B2 - 0.3 mg /%, B3 (niacin) - 2.0 mg /%, B6 0.1 mg /%). Imbewu icebile ngamaprotheni njengobhontshisi.

Izithelo ze-Okra ziqukethe ama-carbohydrate, ikakhulukazi i-fiber ne-pectin. Uma okwedlule kubaluleke kakhulu ekugayeni nasekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwamathumbu, khona-ke umsebenzi wama-pectin unezici eziningi futhi uyathandeka. Izitshalo eziqukethe inani elikhulu lama-pectin zinamandla okususa zonke izinhlobo zobuthi kanye nama-radionucleides emzimbeni. Ama-pectin anezakhiwo ezinhle zokuthakatha futhi "aqoqa", njenge-vacuum cleaner, edlula emgudwini wamathumbu, konke okungadingekile. Futhi konke lokhu kususwa ngokuphepha emzimbeni. Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezitsha ze-okra kusiza ukulawula ukusebenza kwamathumbu nokuqeda izinkinga ezinjengokuqunjelwa, ukuqunjelwa, futhi, ngokufanele, kuvimbele ukudakwa okuhambisana nomzimba. Ezifundweni zesimanje, kuyaziwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa njalo kwe-okra kusiza ekujwayeleni i-cholesterol, nayo esebenza njengokuvikela izifo zenhliziyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okwamanje kucatshangwa ukuthi ukususwa ngesikhathi esifanele kobuthi emzimbeni ukuvimbela izifo eziningi ezingamahlalakhona, futhi kwesinye isikhathi i-oncology, ikakhulukazi amathumbu. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi i-okra ingasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela, i-pneumonia, i-arthritis, i-asthma nezinye izifo eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yalomphumela wokuhlanza, kuyasiza ukukufaka ekudleni kokukhathala okungapheli, ngemuva noma ngesikhathi sokudla inani elikhulu lemithi, nokwenza ngcono ithoni yomzimba jikelele.

Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo wonke ama-pectin afanayo kanye namafinyila, i-okra iyi-ejenti elwa nokuvuvukala nokugqokiswa okuhle. I-okra ebilisiwe ingasetshenziswa njengokudla kwesisu, i-colitis. Futhi, ngenxa yokugubuzela kanye nezakhiwo zayo ezi-emollient, i-decoction noma izithelo ezibilisiwe ze-okra zisetshenziselwa imikhuhlane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungiselela i-decoction yezithelo, uzibilise ekuguqukeni kwe-jelly. Lo mhluzi kufanele usetshenziselwe ukugoqa ngomphimbo obuhlungu noma uthathwe ngaphakathi (uswidi kancane njengoba ufisa) we-bronchitis, tracheitis, pharyngitis.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-okra iqukethe ama-organic organic, uvithamini C, amaminerali, amavithamini B kanye ne-folic acid, ebalulekile emisebenzini eminingi yomzimba.

Kepha kukhona amakhalori ambalwa kakhulu kule mifino. Ukuba umkhiqizo wokudla, i-okra yingxenye enhle kakhulu yokudla okunama-kilojoule amancane futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nesifo sikashukela.

Le mifino kukholakala ukuthi inenzuzo kulabo abaphethwe yizimo ezahlukahlukene zamehlo nalabo abasengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa ngamehlo.

I-okra ethosiwe enamatamatisi

Izithako zeresiphi:

• 4 tbsp. i-okra (i-okra),
• oqoshiwe ngesigamu 450 gr. utamatisi othela izithelo ezincane (njengeCherry, iSan Marzano),
• usike uhhafu 4 wama-clove kagalikhi, uqede u-3 tbsp. l.
• Amafutha e-Olive
• 1 anyanisi omncane,
• uthathe ama-wedges Usawoti kanye nopelepele omusha
• I-apula cider uviniga omncane ukufafaza

Ukulungiselela iresiphi: Fry the garlic emafutheni omnqumo esikhwameni esingaphansi kwesembozo emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuze kube nsundu ngegolide. Faka okra no-anyanisi, inkathi ngosawoti nopelepele bese uthosa kuze kuthambe, imizuzu eyi-10 - 12. Faka utamatisi, upheke imizuzu emithathu. Bese ufaka uviniga we-apula cider.