multiple sclerosis

I-Multiple sclerosis noma SEP yisifo esingamahlalakhona sokuvuvukala kwe-autoimmune, esihlasela isimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi. Lesi sifo siba sibi kancane ezimweni eziningi futhi lokhu kubhebhetheka kuncike, phakathi kwezinye izinto, imvamisa kanye nokuqina kokubuyela emuva.

La multiple sclerosis yithinte uhlelo oluyisisekelo senzwa, ikakhulukazi ubuchopho, imizwa nomgogodla. Ishintsha ukudluliswa kwemizwa yezinzwa ngoba i-myelin, eyenza i-sheath yokuzivikela ezungeze izandiso zemizwa, iyathinteka.  

Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi indawo lapho i-myelin ithinteka khona: ukuba ndikindiki kwelungu, ukuphazamiseka okubukwayo, ukuzwa ukushaqeka kukagesi esithweni noma ngemuva, ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza, njll.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu ze-multiple sclerosis 

Ngokuvamile, i-multiple sclerosis iqhubeka gxuma, lapho izimpawu ziphinde zivele noma kuvela izimpawu ezintsha. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuxazululeka ngemva kokuphinda, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka embalwa ukuphinda kuphinde kuhambe ukulandelana (izimpawu ezihlala njalo), ukukhubaza okuningi noma okuncane. Lesi sifo singathinta ngempela imisebenzi eminingi: ukulawula ukunyakaza, ukubona kwezinzwa, inkumbulo, inkulumo, njll. Nokho, ngenxa yentuthuko yezokwelapha, ukuba ne-multiple sclerosis akusafani nesihlalo sabakhubazekile. Inkinga enkulu echazwa ngabantu abanalesi sifo imvamisa ukukhathala, okubuye kubizwe ngokuthi “ukukhubazeka okungabonakali” ngoba akubonakali kodwa kuyacasula futhi kudinga ukulungiswa empilweni yakhe yansuku zonke.

Kukhona futhi uhlobo oluqhubekayo lwe-multiple sclerosis, olungaqhubeki ekuqhumeni, kodwa lukhula kancane kancane.

La multiple sclerosis yisifo esingamahlalakhona sokuzivikela komzimba, ukuqina kanye nenkambo yaso ehluka kakhulu. Kwaqala ukuchazwa ngo-1868 udokotela wezinzwa waseFrance uJean Martin Charcot.

Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokusabela kokuvuvukala okuholela ekubhujisweni kwezifo i-myelin (i-demyelination). I-Myelin igobolondo elizungeze imicu yezinzwa (bona umdwebo ngezansi). Indima yayo ukuvikela le micu nokusheshisa ukudluliswa kwemiyalezo noma imizwa yezinzwa. Amasosha omzimba wabantu abathintekile abhubhisa i-myelin ngokuyibheka njengengaphandle komzimba (ukusabela kwe-autoimmune). Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezithile zesimiso sezinzwa, ama-impulses ahamba kancane noma avinjelwe, okubangela izimpawu ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphandle kwama-flare-ups, ukuvuvukala kuyadamba futhi ingxenye ye-myelin iguqulwa ezungeze imicu, okuholela ekuhlehleni okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kwezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, ezimeni zokuqothulwa okuphindaphindiwe kanye nesikhathi eside, i-nerve impulse ingase ingasakwazi ukugeleza, okuholela ekukhubazekeni unomphela.

Izingxenye zesimiso sezinzwa ezithintekayo yilesi sifo zibukeka sengathi amapuleti lokho kungabonakala ngesikhathi sokucabanga kwe-magnetic resonance (MRI), yingakho igama multiple sclerosis.

Umdwebo we-Multiple sclerosis

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-multiple sclerosis? 

  • La multiple sclerosis  kwenzeka ebukhoneni benhlanganisela ye izici zemvelo, kubantu abanofuzo oluholela kulesi sifo. .
  • Uma umuntu eqhubeka eqhela enkabazwe, yilapho lesi sifo sivame kakhulu khona: ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuntuleka kokukhanya kwelanga ngesikhathi sobuntwana nokuthomba kungaba nendima.
  • Ukubhema ezinganeni kanye nokubhema entsheni nakho kungase kube nendima.
  • Amagciwane angadala ukusabela okungafanele kokuzivikela komzimba angabandakanyeka: kunoma yikuphi, lolu umugqa wocwaningo othathwe ngokungathí sina.
  • Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ucwaningo oluningi luye lwayikhulula imigomo (emelene ne-hepatitis B noma i-papillomavirus), isikhathi okusolwa ukuthi sidlala indima esekelayo.
  • Ngokuqondene izici zofuzo predisposing, nazo ziningi. Izakhi zofuzo ezingase zibandakanyeke ziye zabonakala eminyakeni yamuva futhi zingandisa ingozi ye-multiple sclerosis. Futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, ingozi iyanda lapho amanye amalungu omkhaya esehlaselwe yilesi sifo.

Bheka futhi isigaba esithi People At Risk and Risk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis

Ukuxilongwa: usibona kanjani i-multiple sclerosis? 

Akukho ukuhlola okungaxilonga ngokuqiniseka a multiple sclerosis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphutha okuxilongwa ahlala evame, ngoba izifo eziningi zingazibonakalisa ngezimpawu ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis.

Ngokuvamile, zokuxilonga ngokusekelwe ku :

  • Akukho ukuhlola okungaxilonga ngokuqiniseka a multiple sclerosis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphutha okuxilonga ahlala evamisile ekuqaleni, ngoba izifo eziningi zingase zibonakale zinezimpawu ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis.

Ngokuvamile, zokuxilonga ngokusekelwe ku :

  • Umlando wezokwelapha, onohlu lwemibuzo olusungula umlando wezinkinga ezihlobene nesifo futhi uhlonza, uma kufanele, ukubonakaliswa kwangaphambili kwemizwa yezinzwa.
  • Ukuhlolwa komzimba okuhlola ukubona, amandla emisipha, ithoni yemisipha, ama-reflexes, ukusebenzisana, imisebenzi yezinzwa, ibhalansi kanye nekhono lokunyakaza.
  • I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yobuchopho nentambo yomgogodla ekuvumela ukuthi ubone ngeso lengqondo izilonda endabeni emhlophe (equkethe i-myelin): lokhu ukuhlola okubaluleke kakhulu. Uketshezi lwe-Cerebrospinal (CSF) endaweni ye-lumbar akuwona umkhuba kodwa lungasiza ukubona izimpawu zokuvuvukala.
  • Ngokuya ngezimpawu nangaphambi kokunquma ukwelashwa, okunye ukuhlolwa kusengacelwa: isibonelo, i-fundus, ukurekhodwa komsebenzi kagesi ukukala isikhathi esithathayo ukuze ulwazi olubukwayo lufinyelele ebuchosheni, i-EKG, njll.

    • La multiple sclerosis Kunzima ukukuxilonga futhi ngokuvamile kudinga ukuphinda oku-2 noma ngaphezulu, okungenani kube nokukhululwa okuyingxenye, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa.

    Ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okuqondile kwe-multiple sclerosis, isazi sezinzwa kufanele siqiniseke ukuthi kunomonakalo ku-myelin ezindaweni ezimbili ezihlukene ezingeke zibe umphumela wezinye izifo (umbandela wendawo). Ukwengeza, kufanele futhi abonise ukuthi lokhu kuphulwa komthetho kwenzeke ezikhathini ezimbili ezihlukene (umbandela wesimo sesikhashana). Ngakho-ke, uhlu lwemibuzo lwezokwelapha lubalulekile ukuze sikwazi ukuqonda ngokugcwele izimpawu futhi sihlole ukuthi kube khona yini ukubonakaliswa kwemizwa esikhathini esidlule.

    Ngabe i-multiple sclerosis iqhubeka kanjani?

    THEukuziphendukela kwemvelo i-multiple sclerosis ezingalindelekile. Icala ngalinye lihlukile. Inani lokubuyela emuva, noma uhlobo lokuhlaselwa, noma iminyaka yokuxilongwa ekwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubikezela noma ukucabangela ikusasa lomuntu othintekile. Bangu amafomu amahle ezingabangeli ubunzima bomzimba, ngisho nangemva kweminyaka engama-20 noma engu-30 yokugula. Amanye amafomu angavela ngokushesha futhi abe ngaphezulu engavumelekile. Ekugcineni, abanye abantu bane-flare eyodwa kuphela empilweni yabo yonke.

    Namuhla, ngenxa yokwelashwa okukhona, abantu abaningi abane-multiple sclerosis bayakwazi ukuhola umphakathi owanelisa kakhulu, umndeni (kuhlanganise nokukhulelwa kwabesifazane) nokuphila kochwepheshe, ngezindleko zokulungiswa okuthile ngoba ukukhathala kuvame ukugcwala.

    Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-multiple sclerosis?

    Ngokuvamile, sihlukanisa Bobabili bobunjwa izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-multiple sclerosis, kuye ngokuthi lesi sifo siqhubeka kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

    • Ifomu lokukhipha. Ezimweni ezingama-85%, lesi sifo siqala ngesimo sokubuyisela kabusha (okubizwa nangokuthi "ukubuyisela kabusha-ukubuyisela"), ebonakala ngokuthi gxuma kuhlanganiswe ukuxolelwa. Ukucindezela okukodwa akwanele ukwenza ukuxilongwa ezimeni eziningi, odokotela kwesinye isikhathi bakhuluma “ngesifo somtholampilo esisodwa” ngenkathi belinde ukubona ukuthi sivela kanjani. Ukuqubuka kuchazwa njengenkathi yokuqala kwezimpawu ezintsha zemizwa noma ukuvela kabusha kwezimpawu ezindala ezithatha okungenani amahora angama-24, zihlukaniswe nokuqubuka kwangaphambilini okungenani inyanga engu-1. Ngokuvamile ama-flare-ups ahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya enyangeni engu-1 bese ehamba kancane kancane. Ezimweni eziningi, ngemva kweminyaka eminingana, lolu hlobo lwesifo lungadlulela esimweni sesibili esiqhubekayo.
    • Ifomu eliqhubekayo eliyisisekelo (noma inqubekela phambili kusukela ekuqaleni). Leli fomu libonakala ngokuhamba kancane futhi okuqhubekayo kwalesi sifo, ekuxilongweni, kanye nokubhebhetheka kwezimpawu okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ithinta u-15% wamacala6. Ngokungafani nefomu le-relapsing-remitting, akukho ukuphinda kwangempela, nakuba lesi sifo singaba sibi kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi. Leli fomu livamise ukuvela kamuva empilweni, lapho selineminyaka engama-40 ubudala.
    • Ifomu lesibili eliqhubekayo. Ngemuva kwefomu lokuqala lokubuyisela kabusha, isifo singase sibe sibi ngokuqhubekayo. Sibe sesikhuluma ngefomu lesibili eliqhubekayo. Ama-flare-ups angenzeka, kodwa akulandelwa ukukhululwa okucacile futhi ukukhubazeka kancane kancane kuya kuba nzima.

    Bangaki abantu abathintwa yi-multiple sclerosis? 

    Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngokwesilinganiso umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-1 une-multiple sclerosis, kodwa lokhu kuvama kuyahlukahluka kuye ngamazwe. 

    Ngokuka-Arsep, eFrance, abantu abayi-100 bahlushwa i-multiple sclerosis (cishe abantu abangu-000 abaxilongwa unyaka ngamunye) ezigulini eziyizigidi ezingu-5000 emhlabeni wonke.  

    Amazwe aseNyakatho athinteka kakhulu kunamazwe aseduze nenkabazwe. E-Canada, izinga kuthiwa lingelinye eliphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni (1/500), okulenza libe yisifo esivamile sezinzwa esivamile entsheni yabantu abadala. Ngokwezilinganiso, cishe abantu baseFrance abayi-100 banaso, kuyilapho iCanada inezinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-multiple sclerosis emhlabeni elinenani elilinganayo lamacala. Njengoba kungakachazwa, baningi abesifazane abaphindwe kabili kunalaba abakhona. amadoda ane-multiple sclerosis. Lesi sifo sitholakala isikhathi esiningi kubantu abaneminyaka engu-000 kuya ku-2 ubudala, kodwa futhi, ezimweni ezingavamile, singathinta izingane (ngaphansi kwama-20% wamacala).

    Njengengxenye yendlela yekhwalithi yayo, iPasseportsanté.net ikumema ukuthi uthole umbono wochwepheshe bezempilo. UDkt Jacques Allard, udokotela ojwayelekile, ukukunikeza umbono wakhe nge multiple sclerosis : Kulinganiselwa ukuthi, ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu oyedwa koyedwa une-multiple sclerosis, kodwa lokhu kuhlasela kuyahlukahluka kuye ngamazwe. 

    E-France, kunabantu abayi-100.000 abathintekayo yi-multiple sclerosis futhi i-2.000 kuya ku-3.000 amacala amasha atholakalayo unyaka ngamunye.

    Abesifazane bathinteka kakhulu ngokuphindwe kathathu kunabesilisa.

    Isilinganiso sobudala ekuqaleni kwezimpawu siyiminyaka engama-30. Kodwa-ke, izingane nazo zingathinteka: lesi sifo sithinta cishe izingane ezingama-700 ezweni lethu.

    Amazwe asenyakatho athinteka kakhulu kunamazwe aseduze nenkabazwe. E-Canada, izinga kuthiwa lingelinye eliphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni (1/500), okulenza libe yisifo esivamile sezinzwa esivamile entsheni yabantu abadala.

    Umbono Kadokotela Wethu Nge-Multiple Sclerosis 

    Njengengxenye yendlela yayo yekhwalithi, i-Passeportsanté.net ikumema ukuthi uthole umbono wochwepheshe bezempilo. UDkt Nathalie Szapiro, udokotela ojwayelekile, ukunika umbono wakhe mayelana nalokhu multiple sclerosis :

     

    Njenganoma yisiphi isifo sesikhathi eside esithinta umuntu osemncane, i-multiple sclerosis ingafaka imibuzo impilo ebonakala iklanywe kahle: indlela yobungcweti, impilo yothando, ukuhamba njalo, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvelo yayo engaqinisekile - izoba kube nokunye ukuqubuka, isikhathi esingakanani, namiphi imiphumela - kuphinde kube nzima noma yikuphi ukuqagela umuntu angaba nakho ngekusasa lakhe.

    Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uzungeze kahle ngokwezokwelapha (nethimba elivumela ukushintshana ngokuzethemba) kanye nokusizwa izinhlangano zeziguli, isibonelo.

    Ukuba ne-multiple sclerosis kudinga ukuthi wenze ukukhetha okuthile okungenzeka ukuthi akuzange kuhlelwe ekuqaleni, kodwa akukuvimbeli ukuba uhole umndeni ocebile, impilo yomphakathi kanye nomsebenzi futhi ngenxa yalokho, ekubeni namaphrojekthi.

    Imithi isithuthukile futhi isithombe somuntu one-multiple sclerosis okwakufanele agcine esesihlalweni esinamasondo eminyakeni engamashumi amabili kamuva asisasebenzi. Inkinga evame ukubekwa phambili yiziguli yileyo yokukhathala okusho ukuthi ungawusebenzisi ngokweqile, ulalele umzimba wakho futhi uzinike isikhathi sakho. Ukukhathala kuyingxenye yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ukukhubazeka okungabonakali”.

     

    Dr Nathalie Szapiro 

    Ingabe i-multiple sclerosis ingavinjelwa?

    Okwamanje ayikho indlela eqinisekile yokuvimbela i-multiple sclerosis, njengoba kuyisifo esibangelwa yizici eziningi.

    Nokho kuyenzeka ukugwema izinto eziyingozi ezinjengokubhema ugwayi ezinganeni (kanye nokubhema entsheni kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha).

    Ukukhuthaza imisebenzi yangaphandle kubantu abasha kunokuhlala kukhiyiwe phakathi kwezindonga ezine nakho kuwumqondo omuhle ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga ebusika. Ukuthatha izithako ze-vitamin D nakho kungaba yinzuzo.

     

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