Namuhla, ukuguqulwa kwedijithali kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokukhula komnotho. Amabhizinisi angasebenzisa amaphethini okusebenza ashesha futhi azivumelanise noshintsho anendawo eyengeziwe yokukhula kunangaphambili
Izinkampani zaseRussia zinethuba eliyingqayizivele lokubona amandla azo ngesikhathi senguquko yedijithali futhi zithathe indawo yazo efanele phakathi kwabadlali ababalulekile emakethe yomhlaba. Naphezu kokuba khona kwezinto ezicindezelayo, izinkampani ziyashintsha, futhi umbuso uthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zokusekela.
Isazi Sethrendi
Mikhail Nasibulin Kusukela ngoMeyi 2019, ube yinhloko yoMnyango Wokuxhumanisa Nokusebenzisa Amaphrojekthi Womnotho Wedijithali woMnyango Wezokuxhumana kanye Nezindaba Zezindaba Zezwe lethu. Uphethe izindaba ezihlobene nokudidiyelwa kohlelo lukazwelonke lwe- "Digital Economy of the Russian Federation", kanye nokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi yenhlangano ethi "Digital Technologies". Ngasohlangothini lwenkonzo, ubhekele ukuqaliswa kwesu likazwelonke lokuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa isikhathi esifinyelela ku-2030.
I-Nasibulin inolwazi olunzulu lokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokuqalisa. Kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2017, ubambe isikhundla sePhini Lomqondisi wohlelo lwezemfundo lwe-AFK Sistema. Kulesi sikhundla, uhole ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwesu lokudala iqoqo lamathalente ezinkampanini zomphakathi nezizimele ezigxile kwisayensi kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Yakha indlela yendlela yephrojekthi emfundweni yonjiniyela kanye nezikhungo zentuthuko (i-ANO Agency for Strategic Initiatives, National Technology Initiative, RVC JSC, Internet Initiatives Development Fund, Ministry of Industry and Trade, njll.), amanyuvesi ezobuchwepheshe aholayo namabhizinisi. (I-AFK Sistema , Intel, R-Pharm, njll.) ngezinhlobo eziningi ezikhethekile. Ngo-2018, waba yinhloko yezinhlelo zokufukamela zeSkolkovo Foundation, lapho athuthela khona wayosebenza eMnyangweni Wezocingo kanye Nezokuxhumana.
Kuyini ukuguqulwa kwedijithali?
Ngenjwayelo, ukuguqulwa kwedijithali wukuhlelwa kabusha okubalulekile kwemodeli yebhizinisi yenhlangano esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bedijithali. Kuholela ekucabangeni kabusha okuyisisekelo kwesakhiwo samanje kanye nezinguquko kuzo zonke izinqubo, ikuvumela ukuthi udale amafomethi amasha ekusebenzeni nozakwethu, njengama-consortiums, futhi uvumelanise imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo ezidingweni zeklayenti elithile. Umphumela kufanele ube impumelelo yezinkampani yemiphumela esemqoka yokusebenza kahle kwezomnotho, ukwenziwa kahle kwezindleko zebhizinisi kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesevisi enikeziwe noma umkhiqizo okhiqizwayo.
Futhi kukhona amacala anjalo ayimpumelelo okuguqulwa kwedijithali kwezinkampani emhlabeni. Ngakho, i-industrial conglomerate i-Safran SA, njengengxenye yohlelo lokudala “imboni yesikhathi esizayo”, yethule uhlelo olusha lwezemvelo oluhlanganisa izinguquko zobuchwepheshe kanye nezabasebenzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kube nesandla ekuthuthukiseni imigqa yokukhiqiza yedijithali, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, yashintsha ngokufanelekile indima yabasebenzi bezitolo, okwathi, ngosizo lobuchwepheshe obuphambili, baba opharetha bamamojula okukhiqiza aguquguqukayo azimele.
Noma, ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ngomkhiqizi wemishini yezolimo uJohn Deer. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunakekelwa nokwandisa isivuno, inkampani kancane kancane iye yathuthela kumodeli kagandaganda ohlakaniphile wedijithali enenkundla yesicelo sesevisi evulekile (ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-inthanethi yezinto, i-GPS, i-telematics, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu).
Yiziphi izikhuthazo zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali?
Emazweni athuthukile, izinkampani zokukhiqiza zinezinga eliphezulu lokuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje bedijithali, kulokhu zisahamba phambili kwezinkampani zasekhaya. Esinye sezizathu - ukuntuleka kombono ocacile wamasu wokuguqulwa kwedijithali kanye nezindlela zokushintsha zokuphatha ezinkampanini eziningi zaseRussia. Singakwazi futhi ukuqaphela izinga eliphansi lokuzenzekelayo kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nemisebenzi yokuphatha (ezezimali nokubalwa kwezimali, ukuthengwa kwempahla, abasebenzi). Isibonelo, ku-40% wezinkampani, izinqubo azizenzeki.
Nokho, lokhu futhi kuyisisusa sokwanda okukhulu kwezinkomba. Ngokusho kocwaningo lochwepheshe, izinkampani ezikhiqizayo zibonisa isithakazelo esikhulu esihlokweni sokuguqulwa kwedijithali.
Ngakho-ke, i-96% yezinkampani eminyakeni engu-3-5 ezayo ihlela ukushintsha imodeli yebhizinisi yamanje njengomphumela wokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali, ingxenye yesithathu yezinkampani isivele iqalise izinguquko zenhlangano, cishe i-20% isivele isebenzisa amaphrojekthi okuhlola.
Isibonelo, i I-KamAZ isivele yethule uhlelo lokuguqulwa kwedijithali oluhlinzeka ngochungechunge lwenqubo yedijithali neqhubekayo kusukela esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa kuya esigabeni sesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa ngaphansi kwezinkontileka zomjikelezo wempilo. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza amamodeli amasha amaloli e-premium, angekho ngaphansi ngokwezici zemikhiqizo yezimbangi zakwamanye amazwe.
Sibur isebenzisa umqondo "wemboni yedijithali", ehlinzeka nge-digitalization yezinqubo zokukhiqiza nezokuthutha. Le nkampani isebenzisa izibalo ezithuthukisiwe zokunakekelwa okubikezelwayo kwemishini, amawele edijithali kwezokuthutha kukaloliwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo yezokuthutha, kanye nezinhlelo zokubona kwemishini kanye nezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu ukuze ziqaphe ukukhiqizwa kanye nokwenza ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe. Ekugcineni, lokhu kuzovumela inkampani ukuthi yehlise izindleko futhi inciphise ubungozi bokuphepha kwezimboni.
“Iposi eliya ezweni lethu” njengengxenye yoshintsho ukusuka ku-opharetha weposi ovamile ukuya enkampanini yeposi enekhono le-IT, isivele yethule inkundla yayo yedijithali yokuhlaziya idatha enkulu yokuphathwa kwemikhumbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani yakha i-ecosystem yezinsizakalo emakethe ye-e-commerce: kusukela ezikhungweni zokuhlela ngokuzenzakalelayo kuya ezinsizeni zezezimali nezokuthumelela izincwadi ezenza ukuphila kube lula kumakhasimende.
Ezinye izinkampani ezinkulu nazo zinamaphrojekthi aphumelelayo okuguqula idijithali, isibonelo, I-Russian Railways, iRosatom, iRosseti, iGazprom Neft.
Uguquko olukhulu oluya emsebenzini okude ngenxa yokusabalala kokutheleleka nge-coronavirus nakho kungaba umfutho wokusebenza okusebenzayo kwezinkampani zaseRussia. Amathuba okusekelwa okungaphazanyiswa kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yezinqubo zebhizinisi ezibalulekile endaweni yedijithali iphenduka inzuzo yokuncintisana.
Indlela yokunqoba izithiyo zedijithali?
Abaholi bezinkampani zaseRussia babheka ukuntuleka kwamakhono ezobuchwepheshe, ukuntula ulwazi mayelana nobuchwepheshe nabahlinzeki, kanye nokuntuleka kwezinsiza zezezimali ukuze kube yizithiyo eziyinhloko zokuguqulwa kwedijithali.
Naphezu kwalokhu, ezinye izinkampani sezivele ziphule ngempumelelo izithiyo ezikhona: ukuzama ubuchwepheshe obusha bedijithali ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamamodeli ebhizinisi amanje, ukuqoqa amanani abalulekile wedatha edingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe izinsizakalo zedijithali, ukuqala izinguquko zenhlangano, kuhlanganise nokudala ukuhlukana okukhethekile ngaphakathi kwezinkampani. ukwandisa izinga lamakhono ezobuchwepheshe ezinkampani, kanye, kanye nezikhungo ezikhethekile zesayensi nezemfundo, kwethule izinhlelo ezigxile ekuqeqesheni abasebenzi.
Lapha kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuhlelwa kwekhwalithi yezidingo zebhizinisi kanye nokuhlolwa kwemiphumela yezixazululo ezisetshenzisiwe ohlelweni lokuguqulwa kwedijithali yenkampani, kanye nokuqinisekisa isivinini esikhulu sokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi, okuyisinqumo esinqumayo. isici emakethe yokuncintisana.
Ngendlela, emisebenzini yangaphandle, ukugxila ekushintsheni imodeli yebhizinisi, ukwakhiwa kwesikhungo samakhono ngaphansi kobuholi be-CDTO (inhloko yokuguqulwa kwedijithali) kanye nokukhuthazwa kwezinguquko eziyinkimbinkimbi kumayunithi abalulekile ebhizinisi kuye kwaba yizici ezibalulekile ku impumelelo yoguquko lwedijithali.
Kusukela kuhulumeni, izinkampani ezikhiqizayo zilindele, okokuqala, ukusekelwa kokuqaliswa kwezixazululo zobuchwepheshe, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zemfundo ezikhethekile kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-ecosystem entsha kanye nokuhweba kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wombuso ukwakha isisekelo sokuhlinzeka ngokusekela ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bedijithali kanye nokuqaliswa kwabo okuphelele emkhakheni wangempela womnotho. Uhlelo lukazwelonke lwe-Digital Economy luhlanganisa izinyathelo zombuso eziningi zokweseka amaphrojekthi ahloselwe ukwakhiwa nokuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali obungapheli.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMnyango Wezocingo kanye Nokuxhumana Kwabantu abaningi ulungiselele Izincomo Zendlela Yokuthuthukiswa Kwamasu Okuguqula Idijithali Yezinkampani Zombuso Nezinkampani Ezibamba Iqhaza Lombuso. Ziqukethe inani leziphakamiso eziyisisekelo kanye nemihlahlandlela ukusiza ukusebenzisa izindlela nezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu.
Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi izinyathelo ezisetshenziswe umbuso zizosiza ukukhulisa intshisekelo kanye nokubandakanyeka kwebhizinisi nomphakathi ezinqubweni zokuguqulwa kwedijithali futhi zizosivumela ukuthi sivumelane ngokushesha nezidingo zesimanje ezimakethe zaseRussia nezamazwe ngamazwe.
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