Ama-vertebrae angama-lumbar akha ingxenye yomgogodla.

Isikhundla. Amathambo omqolo ayingxenye yomgogodla, noma umgogodla, isakhiwo sethambo esiphakathi kwekhanda nesinqe. Umgogodla wakha isisekelo samathambo esiqu, esitholakala ngaphakathi nangasemgqeni ophakathi nendawo. Iqala ngaphansi kogebhezi futhi inabele esifundeni se-pelvic (1). Umgogodla wakhiwe ngokwesilinganiso samathambo angama-33, abizwa ngama-vertebrae (2). La mathambo axhunyaniswa ndawonye ukuze akhe i-eksisi, enesimo esiphindwe kabili esingu-S. Kukhona ama-vertebrae angama-5 e-lumbar akha ijika elibheke phambili (3). Zakha isifunda se-lumbar ngemuva, futhi zitholakala phakathi kwe-vertebrae ye-thoracic ne-sacrum. Ama-vertebrae angama-lumbar aqanjwe ngegama kusuka ku-L1 kuya ku-L5.

Ukwakheka. I-vertebra ngayinye ye-lumbar inesakhiwo esifanayo (1) (2):

• Umzimba, ingxenye yomgogodla we-vertebra, mkhulu futhi uqinile. Ithwala isisindo se-axis yamathambo.
• I-vertebral arch, ingxenye e-dorsal ye-vertebra, izungeze i-vertebral foramen.
• I-vertebral foramen iyisikhungo esiphakathi, esikhishwe nge-vertebra. Inqwaba yama-vertebrae ne-foramina yakha umsele we-vertebral, owelwe ngumgogodla.

Amalunga nokufakwa. Ama-vertebrae angama-lumbar axhunyiwe komunye nomunye ngemigqa. Futhi zinezindawo eziningana ze-articular ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwazo. Ama-discs e-intervertebral, ama-fibrocartilages aqukethe i-nucleus, atholakala phakathi kwezidumbu zama-vertebrae angomakhelwane (1) (2).

Imisipha. Umgogodla umbozwe yimisipha yangemuva.

Indima yokusekela nokuvikela. Ukwenza umgogodla, i-lumbar vertebrae isiza ukuxhasa ikhanda nokuvikela umgogodla.

Indima yokuhamba nokuma komzimba. Ukwakhiwa komgogodla, ama-vertebrae angama-lumbar enza kube lula ukugcina ukuma kwesiqu futhi ngaleyo ndlela kugcinwe kumile. Isakhiwo se-vertebrae sivumela ukunyakaza okuningi njengokunyakaza kwe-torsion kwesiqu, ukugoba kwesiqu noma nokudonswa.

Izifo ezimbili. Kuchazwa njengobuhlungu bendawo obuqala kaningi emgogodleni futhi ngokujwayelekile kuthinta amaqembu emisipha awuzungezile. Ubuhlungu obuphansi emuva buhlungu bendawo esifundeni se-lumbar. I-Sciatica, ebonakaliswa ubuhlungu obuqala emuva engezansi futhi ifinyelela emlenzeni. Imvamisa, kungenxa yokucindezelwa kwemizwa ye-sciatic engabangelwa i-lumbar vertebrae kwesinye isikhathi. Izifo ezahlukahlukene zingaba umsuka walobu buhlungu (4):

• I-degenerative pathologies. I-osteoarthritis ibonakala ngokuguga nokudabuka koqwanga oluvikela amathambo amajoyinti. (5) I-disc ye-herniated ihambelana nokuxoshwa ngemuva kwe-nucleus yediski ye-intervertebral, ngokugqoka kokugcina. Lokhu kungaholela ekucindezelweni komgogodla noma emithanjeni ye-sciatic.
• Ukukhubazeka komgogodla. Ukukhubazeka kwekholomu kungenzeka. I-Scoliosis ukuhanjiswa okulandelayo komgogodla (6). I-Lordosis ihlotshaniswa ne-arch egcizelele ku-vertebrae ye-lumbar. (6)
• Lumbago. Lesi sifo sibangelwa ukukhubazeka noma izinyembezi zemisipha noma imisipha etholakala emgogodleni we-lumbar.

Imithi yokwelashwa. Ngokuya ngesifo esitholakele, imishanguzo ethile ingahle inikezwe njengamaphilisi ezinhlungu.

Physiotherapy. Ukuvuselelwa emuva kungenziwa nge-physiotherapy noma ama-osteopathy sessions.

Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa. Ngokuya ngesifo esitholakele, ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa esifundeni se-lumbar.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuqaphela kukadokotela ukuma kwangemuva kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokukhomba okungajwayelekile.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Radiological. Ngokuya nge-pathology esolwayo noma efakazelwe, kungenziwa izivivinyo ezengeziwe njenge-X-ray, i-ultrasound, i-CT scan, i-MRI noma i-scintigraphy.

Umsebenzi wokucwaninga. Abaphenyi abavela kwiyunithi ye-Inserm ngokusobala baphumelele ukuguqula amaseli we-adipose stem abe amaseli angathatha indawo yama-disc intervertebral. Lo msebenzi uhlose ukuvuselela amadiski e-intervertebral agugile, abangele izinhlungu ezithile emuva. (7)