Izinga lokushisa eliphansi enganeni: 7 izizathu ezingenzeka

KUBALULEKILE!

Ulwazi olukulesi sigaba akufanele lusetshenziselwe ukuzixilonga noma ukuzelapha wena. Uma kwenzeka ubuhlungu noma okunye ukukhushulwa kwesifo, udokotela kuphela okufanele anikeze ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga. Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa okufanele, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho.
Ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okulungile kwemiphumela yokuhlaziya kwakho ku-dynamics, kungcono ukwenza izifundo elabhorethri efanayo, njengoba amalabhorethri ahlukene angase asebenzise izindlela ezahlukene zocwaningo namayunithi okulinganisa ukuze enze ukuhlaziya okufanayo.Ukushisa komzimba okuphansi: izimbangela zokwenzeka, lapho izifo zenzeka khona, ukuxilongwa nezindlela zokwelapha.

Incazelo

Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba, noma i-hypothermia, kuwukwephulwa kokushisa kwe-metabolism, okubonakaliswa ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba ngokumelene nesizinda sokuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi kanye / noma ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kokushisa kanye nokwanda kokubuya kwakho.

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokukhiqiza ukushisa okusebenzayo.

Ukushisa okuyisibopho ukukhiqizwa - ukushisa okukhiqizwa ngenxa yezinqubo ezijwayelekile zomzimba kanye ne-metabolic. Kwanele ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba elijwayelekile endaweni epholile.

Ukukhiqizwa kokushisa okwengeziwe iyasebenza lapho izinga lokushisa le-ambient lehla futhi lihlanganisa:

• i-thermogenesis engaqhaqhazeli , okwenziwa ngokuhlukanisa amafutha ansundu. Amafutha ansundu akhona ngobuningi ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa futhi azivikele ku-hypothermia. Kubantu abadala, kuncane, kutholakala endaweni entanyeni, phakathi kwamahlombe ehlombe, eduze nezinso;
• i-contractile thermogenesis , okusekelwe ekufinyezweni kwemisipha.

Uma umzimba une-hypothermic, ithoni (ukungezwani) kwemisipha kuyanda futhi ukuthuthumela kwemisipha okuzenzakalelayo kubonakala.Ukugcinwa kokushisa okungavamile kwenziwa ngosizo lwezicubu ze-adipose ezingaphansi kwe-subcutaneous.

Izinga lezinqubo ze-metabolic kanye nokusabela kokujwayela kuthonywa amahomoni e-adrenal kanye ne-thyroid, futhi isikhungo se-thermoregulation sitholakala ku-hypothalamus.Kumuntu, indawo yokunethezeka ibhekwa njengebanga lokushisa lomoya kusuka ku-+18 ° C kuya ku-+22 ° C, kuncike ekubeni khona kwezingubo ezilula nokusebenza komzimba okuvamile.Hlukanisa phakathi kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphakathi (eligcinwe ezithweni zangaphakathi nemikhumbi emaphakathi ezingeni lika-36.1-38.2 ° C) kanye nezinga lokushisa lezicubu ezithintekayo (izitho, indawo yomzimba ) - ngokuvamile lingaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo ngeshumi le-degree.Izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphakathi likalwa ku-rectum, umsele wokuzwa wangaphandle, emlonyeni. Ezimweni zesikhungo sezokwelapha, kungenzeka ukukala izinga lokushisa ku-lumen ye-esophagus, ku-nasopharynx, esinyeni. Ukushisa kwe-peripheral kungalinganiswa ebunzini noma emakhwapheni.Ngokujwayelekile, izinkomba zokushisa komzimba zingabantu ngabanye futhi endaweni ngayinye inobubanzi bazo obuvamile. Izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyashintsha usuku lonke. Izingane ezincane, ngenxa yokuqina kwezinqubo ze-metabolic, zinezinga eliphezulu lokushisa elivamile. I-metabolism yabantu asebekhulile iyancipha, izinga lokushisa lendawo yangaphakathi ngokuvamile lingaba sezingeni lika-34-35 ° C.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezinga lokushisa eliphansi A lehla ngo

izinga lokushisa kungaba endogenous (nge pathology izitho zangaphakathi kanye thermogenesis ongaphelele) futhi exogenous (kuye ngokuthi izimo zemvelo).

I-Exogenous hypothermia ibizwa ngokuthi i-exogenous hypothermia. Umsebenzi wawo ukunciphisa umsebenzi osebenzayo kanye ne-metabolism ezithweni nasezicutshini ukuze kwandiswe ukumelana kwazo nokuntuleka komoya-mpilo. Isetshenziswa ngendlela ye-hypothermia elawulwa ngokujwayelekile, lapho kunesidingo sokuncipha kwesikhashana kokujikeleza kwegazi; kanye ne-hypothermia elawulwa endaweni yezitho nezicubu.

I-hypothermia yezokwelapha isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvulekile enhliziyweni nasezitsheni ezinkulu, nge-ischemic stroke, ukulimala kwesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko (ubuchopho nomgogodla), ngendlala enzima ye-oksijeni yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa.Ubunzima besimo somuntu kuhlolwa izinga ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo kanye nokubonakaliswa komtholampilo.Emazingeni okushisa aphansi (36.5-35 ° C), umuntu angazizwa kahle. Kulokhu kulandela ukuthi uhlukile kokujwayelekile kuye. Uma umuntu ezizwa engaphilile, kuyadingeka ukubheka imbangela yokwehla kwezinga lokushisa.

Izinga lokushisa lomzimba elingaphansi kuka-35°C libhekwa liphansi.

Nikeza izinga lokushisa eliphansi:

• ubunzima obuncane (35.0–32.2 ° C) , lapho ukozela, ukuphefumula okwandayo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukubandayo kubonakala;
• ubunzima obumaphakathi (32.1–27 ° C) - umuntu angase abe yisithukuthezi, ukuphefumula kuyancipha, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuyancipha, i-reflexes iyancipha (ukusabela ku-stimulus yangaphandle);
• ubunzima obukhulu (ngaphansi kuka-27 ° C) - umuntu usezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu lokucindezeleka kwengqondo (kwi-coma), umfutho wegazi uyancishiswa, azikho izingqondo, ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumula okujulile, isigqi senhliziyo kuyaphawulwa, ibhalansi yendawo yangaphakathi yomzimba kanye nazo zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic. ziyaphazamiseka.

13 Izimbangela ezingenzeka zokushisa okuphansi kubantu abadala

Izimbangela ezingenzeka ze-hypothermia zihlanganisa:

1. ukulimala ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi;
2. ukuncipha kwemisipha;
3. ukukhathala komzimba;
4. ukwehla kwezinga lezinqubo ze-metabolic;
5. ukukhulelwa;
6. isikhathi sokululama ngemuva kokugula okude;
7. ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-vascular tone;
8. ukudakwa okuhlukahlukene, kuhlanganise notshwala;
9. ukuchayeka emithini, kufaka phakathi ukweqisa kwezidakamizwa ze-antipyretic;
10. ukumnika nge-intravenous kwenqwaba yezixazululo ezingashisi;
11. hypothermia ezimweni zokushisa komoya okuphansi;
12. ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezingutsheni ezimanzi noma ezimanzi;
13. ukuhlala isikhathi eside emanzini abandayo, ezintweni ezibandayo, njll.

Zonke lezi zici ezingenhla zingaholela ekwephuleni kwe-thermoregulation, ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kokushisa, nokwanda kokulahlekelwa ukushisa.

Yiziphi izifo ezibangela izinga lokushisa eliphansi?

Izinga lokushisa lomzimba lingancipha nge-paresis kanye nokukhubazeka kwemisipha kanye / noma ukwehla kwesisindo sabo okwenzeka ngezifo (i-syringomyelia) nokulimala komgogodla, ngokulimala kwezintambo ezithinta imisipha, ukuntuleka kwe-calcium, izifo zofuzo (Erb). -Roth myodystrophy, Duchenne).

Ukwehla kwe-metabolic kwenzeka ngokungasebenzi okwanele kwezindlala ze-adrenal (ngokwesibonelo, ngezinqubo ze-autoimmune) kanye nendlala yegilo (hypothyroidism), izifo ezisakazeka zesibindi, izinso, ngokuncipha okukhulu kwamazinga kashukela (hypoglycemia), ngokuncipha kwe-hemoglobin kanye / noma ukwehla kwenani lamangqamuzana egazi abomvu (i-anemia), ngokungondleki kahle, ukungondleki kakhulu (i-cachexia) kanye nokuncipha kwezicubu ezinamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba.

Ukwephulwa kwe-thermoregulation kubonakala ngemiphumela ebuhlungu, yezidakamizwa noma enobuthi ku-hypothalamus.

I-Hypothermia ingenzeka ngokuhlukumezeka okuningi noma ngesikhathi senqubo yokutheleleka kwesistimu (i-sepsis).

Yibaphi odokotela okufanele ngithintane nabo ngokushisa komzimba okuphansi?

Ukuze usindise umuntu one-hypothermia enzima, ucingo lwe-ambulensi luyadingeka.Uma umuntu erekhode ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba ngo-1-2 ° C ngokuhlobene nokujwayelekile komuntu ngamunye, lesi simo siqhubeka isikhathi eside futhi asihlotshaniswa ne-hypothermia, kufanele uthintane nodokotela , futhi uma kunesidingo, ne-neurologist , i-endocrinologist.

Ukuxilongwa nokuhlolwa ekushiseni okuphansi komzimba

Ukuxilongwa ekushiseni komzimba okuphansi kuhlanganisa ukuhlola nokubuza isiguli, ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba nomfutho wegazi, ukuhlola ukugcwala kwe-oxygen egazini (i-pulse oximetry, ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi).

Ukuhlonza ukwephulwa komsebenzi wezitho nezinhlelo, i-laboratory kanye nezifundo zezinsimbi zinganqunywa.

Yini okufanele uyenze emazingeni okushisa aphansi?

Nge-hypothermia emnene, kuyadingeka ukufudumala ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka - ngenxa yalokhu kufanele uthuthele ekamelweni elifudumele, ulahle izingubo ezimanzi nezibandayo, ugqoke izingubo ezomile nezifudumele futhi uphuze isiphuzo esishisayo esingenalo utshwala.

Zonke ezinye izimo ze-hypothermia zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Ukwelashwa kokushisa komzimba okuphansi

Uma kutholakala ukuthi ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba kuyinto ehlukile evamile futhi akukhathazi isiguli, akukho ukwelashwa okudingekayo.Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa kwesifo esiyisisekelo kanye nokulungiswa kwezinqubo ze-metabolic kuyenziwa.Uma kwenzeka we-hypothermia, izinyathelo zithathwa ukumisa umphumela wesici sokupholisa futhi uqhubeke nokufudumala. Ukufudumala okungavamile kuhlanganisa ukuhambisa umuntu ekamelweni elifudumele, ukugoqa izingubo ezifudumele, ukuphuza uketshezi olufudumele, okunconywayo ku-hypothermia epholile kanye nokuqaphela okungaphelele.

Ukufudumala kwangaphandle okusebenzayo kusetshenziselwa i-hypothermia enzima, kwenziwa esikhungweni sezokwelapha esikhethekile ngodokotela futhi kuhlanganisa ukuhogela umoya-mpilo ofudumele nge-mask noma i-endotracheal tube, ukujova nge-intravenous kwezixazululo ezifudumele, ukugezwa kwesisu, amathumbu, esinyeni esinezixazululo ezifudumele.

Ukufudumala kwangaphakathi okusebenzayo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa umshini wokujikeleza wangaphandle olawula imisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba kanye nokulungiswa koketshezi kanye nebhalansi yeglucose. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidakamizwa zisetshenziselwa ukwandisa ingcindezi nokuqeda i-arrhythmias.

Izizathu ezi-7 ezingenzeka zokushisa okuphansi enganeni

n icala lengane ephakeme, kukhona njalo i-antipyretic ekhabetheni lemithi yasekhaya: i-algorithm yezenzo ingaphezu kokubamba ngekhanda umzali ngamunye kusukela ngosuku lokuqala umntwana ezalwa. Kodwa lapho umntwana, ngokuphambene nalokho, ebanda kakhulu, kunzima ukungadideki. Uphawu olungaqondakali lubangela ukwesaba okubi nemicabango ethusayo. Yiziphi izizathu zalesi simo futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, indlela yokusiza ingane kulesi simo? Sitshela ngezansi.

Okokuqala, kufanele siqonde lokho esikubiza ngokuthi izinga lokushisa eliphansi. Uma sikhuluma ngengane kuze kube unyaka, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu, izinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokuphila, izinga lokushisa elivamile le-crumb enjalo lingaba kusuka ku-35.5 kuya ku-37.5. Futhi kukhona izingane, ngokuyisisekelo, izinga lokushisa kulolu hlu libhekwa njengento evamile, lezi yizici zomzimba.

Ukuze unqume izinga lokushisa lomzimba wengane yakho elivamile, kwanele ukulikala izikhathi eziningana ngezinsuku ezihlukene, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ingane izizwe kahle futhi akukho msebenzi womzimba emahoreni ambalwa ngaphambi kokulinganisa - ukugijima, ukuhamba, ukuzivocavoca. , njll. Ukushisa kwe-36.6 kuyinkomba enemibandela futhi akufanele ugxile kuyo kakhulu. Ingane ngayinye ingumuntu ngamunye. Futhi uma uthathe izinga lokushisa lomntwana wakho kuphela lapho egula, sekuyisikhathi sokunquma izinga layo elivamile.

Ukushisa kwengane elele: kufanelekile ukuvuka

Uma izinga lokushisa elivamile lomntwana lingaphakathi kwama-36-37, futhi izinga lokushisa lomntwana wakho lingama-35-35.5, akufanele uthuke noma: i-hypothermia ngokwayo (yilokhu izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphansi lomuntu elibizwa ngezokwelapha zesayensi) alibangeli isimo esibucayi. ingozi emzimbeni, nakuba kungase kubonise izinkinga ezithile. Uma isimo sithatha izinsuku ezimbalwa, kufanele uthintane nodokotela! Cabanga ngezimbangela ezingase zibe khona zamazinga okushisa aphansi.

Isizathu 1: Ukuthatha ama-antipyretics

Kwenzeka ukuthi ingane ihlushwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma amagciwane ngokushisa okuphezulu okuhambisanayo. Kuyacaca ukuthi esimweni esinjalo, abazali behlisa izinga lokushisa lomntwana ngemithi. Uma wehlisa izinga lokushisa izinsuku ezintathu zilandelana (futhi kuphikisana isikhathi eside: kubhalwe emiyalweni ye-antipyretics), izinga lokushisa ngokuvamile lihlala isikhathi esingakanani nesithombe somtholampilo esijwayelekile somkhuhlane, bese kuthi ngosuku lwesithathu. kungase kube nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa, okungase futhi kuvame ukuhambisana nesifo sohudo. Lesi simo asidingi ukungenelela komuntu wesithathu, ngoba maduze nje izinga lokushisa lizobuyela evamile.

Uma ingane igula futhi lokhu kuhambisana nokushisa okuphezulu, khona-ke ngokuvamile kuba nenhlekelele ngemva kwalokhu futhi izinga lokushisa liyehla. Kodwa ayinciphi ngendlela evamile, kodwa iphansi kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mthetho uyiqiniso kokubili kulabo abathatha i-antipyretic, nalabo abangazange basebenzise lokhu. Kodwa ungethuki - kancane kancane izinga lokushisa lizobuyela kokujwayelekile. Abantu babiza lokhu "ukwehluleka", kodwa akwesabi futhi akusongeli impilo nganoma iyiphi indlela. Lena i-physiology evamile. Uyazi ukuthi uma umuntu ekhuthele ekudleni okuqinile, elahlekelwa isisindo, bese ebuyela ekudleni okuvamile, khona-ke uvame ukuzuza okungaphezu kwalokho alahlekelwe. Umgomo ofanayo usebenza lapha.

Isizathu 2: Ukushoda kwamavithamini

Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa eliphansi libhekwa ezinganeni ezine-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi, ngakho ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile nokubonisana nodokotela ngeke kuphazamise. Kuye ngezinga le-anemia, ngezinye izikhathi ukuntuleka kwensimbi egazini kunganxeshezelwa ngokudla okukhethekile, ngezinye izikhathi ngosizo lwezithako zensimbi.

Kodwa kwezinye izimo, abazali akufanele bakhathazeke ngokuntuleka kwamavithamini emntwaneni. Uma ingane yakho ingadli ukudla okusheshayo kuphela, ukudla kwayo kuqukethe okusanhlamvu, imifino, izithelo, nenyama, khona-ke unakho konke ngokuhlelekile ngamavithamini.

5 ukuxolelwa, indlela yokunika omama, uma ingane inezinga lokushisa

Kodwa abazali bentsha (ikakhulukazi amantombazane) nabo badinga ukuqapha: uma ingane izama ukunciphisa umzimba ngokwayo ngosizo lokudla okusha, khona-ke ingafinyelela ukukhathala (okubi nakakhulu - i-bulimia), ezimweni ezinjalo, iphansi. izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kwalokho okulindelekile.

Isizathu sesi-3: Ukuncipha kokusebenza kwegilo

Lokhu kungenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokwehla kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba, hhayi ezinganeni kuphela. Ngamanye amazwi, yisifo lapho indlala yegilo ingakhiqizi amahomoni anele. Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sicasulwa ukuntuleka kwe-iodine. Uma, ngaphezu kokushisa okuncishisiwe, ingane ine-pallor, imibuthano emnyama ngaphansi kwamehlo, ukuvuvukala kwemilenze, kufanele uthintane ngokushesha nochwepheshe.

Isizathu 4: Izinkinga zamasosha omzimba

Ukwehla kwesikhashana kwezinga lokushisa kungase kwenzeke ngemva kokugula okukhulu kwakamuva. Umthelela esimisweni sokuzivikela ezifweni, njengokugoma noma ukukhotha izandla ezingcolile (okuphinde kube nomthelela onamandla kumasosha omzimba) nakho kungaba yimbangela. Uma amasosha omzimba wengane anama-pathologies (i-immunodeficiency states), izinga lokushisa eliphansi lingase lingavuki isikhathi eside, noma ngabe kunjalo, uma kunjalo, ukubonisana nodokotela kuyadingeka.

Isizathu sesi-5: Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni

Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu esingaholela emiphumeleni ebuhlungu. Ngokuvamile kungabangelwa ukutheleleka kwamathumbu okunamandla. Futhi uma, ngokuncipha okuncane, izinga lokushisa lomzimba, njengomthetho, likhuphuka, khona-ke ngonamandla, lehla kakhulu.

Ngeshwa, abazali bavame ukunaka izimpawu ezingalungile futhi bangakala izinga lokushisa ngehora lapho liphakanyisiwe, kodwa bazolile mayelana neqiniso lokuthi liyehliswa. Kodwa izifo eziboniswa yilesi sibonakaliso, isibonelo, njengokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, zimbi kakhulu kunomkhuhlane noma i-SARS.

Isizathu 6: Ubuthi

Nakuba ngokuvamile izinga lokushisa likhuphuka kusukela ebuthini, kwenzeka futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Izandla eziqhaqhazelayo, imfiva (ukubanda) yizimpawu ezihambisana nalobu buthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuthi obubangela ukusabela okunjalo abuzange budliwe, mhlawumbe ingane ihogele okuthile okuyingozi.

Isizathu sesi-7: Ukucindezeleka nokukhathala

Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ezinganeni zesikole, ikakhulukazi intsha. Ukucindezeleka ngokweqile kwengqondo nangokomzwelo, ukucindezeleka nokukhathala kungase kubangele ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa. Lezi zizathu akufanele zithathwe kancane, ngoba zingadala ukuphazamiseka okukhulu emzimbeni kune-hypothermia.

Ukucindezeleka nokukhathala, ngingangeza isizathu esinjengokuntuleka kokulala. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezizathu ezimbili zokuqala, lesi esinye sezizathu ezivame kakhulu ezinganeni, ikakhulukazi izingane zesikole, ezisebenza umsebenzi wesikole kuze kube phakathi kwamabili. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izingane zizivumelanisa kangcono nezimo ezihlukahlukene kunabantu abadala, kuhlanganise nezicindezelayo. Futhi uma ingane ibhekana ngempela nokucindezeleka okunzima kangangokuthi kubonakala ekushintsheni komzimba, khona-ke uhambo oluya kuchwepheshe kufanele luhlelwe ngokushesha.

Indlela yokusiza ingane enezinga lokushisa eliphansi

Uma isimo singokwesikhashana, kuyadingeka ukusiza ukufudumala. Iziphuzo ezifudumele, izingubo ezifudumele, i-pad yokushisa izokwenzela le njongo. Uma izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ngaphansi kokujwayelekile isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke, akufanelekile ukushisa, kodwa kuyadingeka ukubheka imbangela.

Uma kungekho lutho olukhathaza ingane, uma uphawu kuphela ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa, okukhathaza umama nogogo kakhulu, khona-ke ingane ayidingi ukuphathwa. Uma ingane ikhuthele, ijabule futhi ijabule, kungcono ukuthi umama aphuze i-sedative futhi angakhathazeki kakhulu ngalokhu. Kodwa ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa eliphansi liwuphawu lwesifo esithile, futhi kulokhu, udinga ukuxhumana nochwepheshe. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kuyimbangela edinga ukwelashwa, ngoba izinga lokushisa eliphansi ngokuvamile liwumphumela.