I-Listeriosis

Incazelo jikelele yalesi sifo

 

Lesi sifo se-bacterial zoonotic, i-agent ye-causative okuyi-listeria microorganisms.[3]… IListeriosis ingathinta amasosha omzimba nezinzwa, kanye nezitho zomzimba ezibalulekile. Njengomthetho, lesi sifo sivele ekuqubukeni okuqhelile, kepha kunamacala okusakazeka okubanzi, kepha lokhu kwenzeka ngokungavamile kakhulu.

Ngokusho kwe-WHO, amacala we-2-3 wesifo abhaliswa minyaka yonke kubantu abangu-1000000. Ukutheleleka okwethulwayo kusakazeke yonke indawo, kungakhathalekile ukuthi isimo sezulu sinjani kanye nezomnotho ezweni.

Zonke izinhlobo zezilwane nezinyoni, kufaka phakathi lezo ezifuywayo, zihlaselwa yi-listeriosis. Ezigulini ezingenakunyakaziswa, i-listeriosis ingahle ingabonakali. Izingane, abesifazane abakhulelwe, asebekhulile kanye nabantu abane-HIV basengozini yokutheleleka.

IListeria ayimelani nezimo zezemvelo ezingezinhle, ibekezelela iqabunga kahle, iyakwazi ukuzala emanzini nasezidunjini zezilwane, futhi ihlala isebenza ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga kuze kube yimizuzu eyi-15.

 

Ngemuva kokululama, kumuntu othole i-listeriosis, kwakheka ama-antibodies athile emzimbeni, ngakho-ke abantu abaphinde bagule ngaleli gciwane.

Izimbangela ze-listeriosis

IListeria ingangena emzimbeni womuntu ngokusebenzisa amanxeba nokuklwebheka esikhunjeni, amalaka, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila wamehlo kanye nomgudu wamathumbu, ngomgudu wokuphefumula ongaphezulu nangentambo yenkaba iye embungwini.

IListeria ifakwa kumaseli emzimbeni womuntu bese iqala ukuphindaphindeka lapho, bese kuthi umzimba uqale ukukhiqiza ama-phagocyte, lapho iListeria ingena khona ku-lymph futhi ithwalwa emzimbeni wonke.

Izindlela zokusabalalisa i-listeria:

  • i-hematogenous… Uma amasosha omzimba engakwazi ukulwa ne-causative agent yokutheleleka, i-listeria ilimaza izindonga zemithambo yegazi, ingene egazini futhi ivuse ukukhula kwe-sepsis, ngenxa yalokho kuthinteka uhlelo lwezinzwa nezitho zangaphakathi;
  • ngaphesheya kwe-placenta… Kumama okhulelwe okhulelwe, iListeria ingena kwi-placenta, ngayo ingena esibindini sengane bese isakazeka egazini emzimbeni wonke wombungu;
  • i-lymphogenous… Amagciwane asakazeka ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic bese ehlala kuma-lymph node, akhula.

Izinhlobo ze-listeriosis

  1. 1 ukuzalwa - ingane itheleleka kusuka kumama ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesisu noma ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila;
  2. 2 i-angio-septic kwenzeka lapho ukutheleleka ngomlomo noma ngamaconsi asemoyeni;
  3. 3 ukwesaba angakha nganoma iyiphi indlela yokutheleleka;
  4. 4 isonsi - ifomu le-rarest elenzeka lapho utheleleke ngokuxhumana;
  5. 5 typhoid ejwayelekile ezinganeni ezine-immunodeficiency.

Umthombo wokutheleleka ungaba ngabantu abangenwe yilesi sifo, kanye namagundane, amakati, izingulube, izinja, izinhlanzi nezinhlanzi zasolwandle, izinkomo kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinkawu.

Umuntu angangenwa yi-listeriosis ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

  • contact - kumuntu onegciwane, ngamathe ngemuva kokulunywa isilwane esinegciwane, ngesikhumba esonakele;
  • odlulayo - kungaholela ekubelethweni kokuzalwa komntwana, ukukhulelwa kwesisu kanye nokubambezeleka kokuthuthuka. Ingane ingatheleleka kumama ngokuncelisa nangamaconsi asemoyeni;
  • i-aerogenic - lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela, ekhuluma noma ethimula, noma lapho egqoka izikhumba noma e-fluff;
  • okondlayo - lapho udla izinhlanzi ezinosawoti, ukudla okusemathinini, amanzi avela emanzini emvelo, imikhiqizo yobisi.

Iqembu eliyingozi le-listeriosis lifaka:

  1. 1 izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6;
  2. 2 abantu asebekhulile abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60;
  3. 3 abantu abane-immunodeficiencies;
  4. 4 iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kanye nesifo sofuba;
  5. 5 abantu abaphethwe umdlavuza nezifo ezizimele;
  6. 6 abantu abathi, ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo, bawele eqenjini eliyingozi: amahlathi, abadobi, ababelethisi, odokotela bezilwane, abasebenza ngobisi, abasebenza ezindaweni zokuhlatshwa, izinkomo.

Izimpawu ze-listeriosis

Izimpawu zesifo esethulwayo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo sesifo:

  • isifo sokudakwa izibonakalisa njengomkhuhlane okhungathekisayo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, izinhlungu zemisipha ebuhlungu, ukuhlanza, mhlawumbe ukubomvu kwamehlo nesikhumba. Ungahlala kusuka ezinsukwini ezine kuya kwezingu-4 futhi kuyisici sazo zonke izinhlobo zesifo;
  • ukuphazamiseka kwe-dyspeptic… Ukuphazamiseka kokugaya kungabonakaliswa ngohudo, ukungafuni ukudla, okubukhali noma, kunalokho, ubuhlungu obubuhlungu esibindini. Izimpawu ezifanayo zingenzeka kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-30 kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-listeriosis;
  • ama-lymph node avuvukile kungaba ebangeni kusuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-2 cm. Kulokhu, ama-lymph node angaba buhlungu, kepha ngaphandle kokuqukethwe okune-purulent. Lezi zimpawu zingaba yizimpawu zanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo;
  • i-hepatosplenomegaly… Nge-lymph, i-listeria ifaka isibindi nobende, ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukwanda lapho. Ngakho-ke, lapho uhlola isiguli, kukhona ukwanda kulezi zitho ngo-1-2 cm;
  • angina… Uma selunamatoni, iListeria iqala ukuphindaphindeka, amalaka akhulise futhi akhululeke. Ukuvela kwe-purulent foci ngesimo samachashazi noma amafilimu we-purulent grey kungenzeka. Izimpawu ezifanayo ziyisimo sefomu le-anginal-septic, futhi lingabonakala izinsuku ezingama-5-15;
  • ukuvuvukala kwamajwabu amehlo, i-conjunctivitis ibonwa ngendlela ye-oeri-glandular ye-listeriosis, ngemuva kokungena kwe-listeria ku-sclera yeso. Isiguli sikhathazekile ngokukhishwa, ukunciphisa amandla okubuka, i-photophobia, kwezinye izimo ukukhishwa kwe-purulent esweni;
  • i-meningitis, i-meningoencephalitis Ikhula ngesimo sezinzwa se-listeriosis. Isiguli sikhononda ngekhanda elingabekezeleleki ngokuhlanza, i-paresthesia, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, i-ptosis, ukukhubazeka kokukhuluma, i-anisocoria;
  • sepsis. Ukungena egazini, i-listeria isakazeka emzimbeni wonke futhi ivuse ukungasebenzi kahle kwezitho ezibalulekile. Isiguli sikhononda nge-hypotension, imfiva, ukuphefumula okuncane, i-tachycardia, ukwehla kokukhishwa komchamo, i-jaundice nokuqubuka kwesikhumba. Lezi zimpawu ziyisici sefomu le-typhoid.

Izinkinga ze-listeriosis

Uma ukwelashwa okungalungile noma okungazelelwe kwe-listeriosis kungenzeka kube nezinkinga ezinkulu. Ngendlela yezinzwa, i-hydrocephalus nokuwohloka komqondo kungakhula. Ifomu le-septic lingaholela ekwehlulekeni kokuphefumula noma ukushaqeka okuthelelekayo okunobuthi.

Ukuvinjelwa kwe-listeriosis

  1. 1 izindlela zokuhlanzeka nobhadane zifaka phakathi: ukulawulwa kwemikhiqizo engcolisiwe, ukucekelwa phansi kwezidumbu zezilwane ezihlaselwe yi-listeriosis, ukulawulwa kwamagundane ezindaweni zokugcina ukudla, ukuhlolwa njalo kwabantu bamaqembu asengozini yomsebenzi, ukuhlukaniswa kwezilwane ezigulayo;
  2. 2 izinyathelo zomuntu ngamunye zifaka: ukwelashwa okuphoqelekile kokushisa kobisi, inyama kanye nemikhiqizo yezinhlanzi, inhlanzeko yezandla, ukuphuza amanzi ahlanzekile, ukunciphisa ukuthintana nezilwane ezilahlekile namajuba, ukuphatha ngokucophelela ukulunywa kwezilwane;
  3. 3 izinyathelo ezijwayelekile: izivivinyo ezijwayelekile zokuvimbela, ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela, ukusetshenziswa kokudla namanzi aphezulu kuphela.

Ukwelashwa kwe-listeriosis emithini ejwayelekile

Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo esichaziwe kudinga indlela edidiyelwe. Impumelelo yokwelashwa incike ekutholakaleni okufika ngesikhathi, uhlobo lwesifo, iminyaka kanye nesimo sesistimu yomzimba wesiguli kanye nokuqala ukwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele. Iziguli zeListeria zelashwa kuphela endaweni yesibhedlela.

Nge-listeriosis, ukwelashwa isikhathi eside kwama-antibiotic kunqunyelwe - kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-14 kuye kwezingama-20. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kwe-detoxification kuyadingeka, ngenxa yokuthi imikhiqizo ye-Listeria ikhishwa emzimbeni. Lapho kukhona i-edema, ama-diuretics anqunyelwe.

Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa kwamahomoni kukhonjiswa ezigulini ezine-listeriosis, kanye ne-meningitis kanye ne-encephalitis, izidakamizwa ezinqamula ukujikeleza kobuchopho ziyabhalwa. Nge-sepsis, kubalulekile ukwenza okungenani izikhathi eziyi-3-5 ze-plasmaphoresis.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo ezihambisanayo kufanele ziphathwe futhi i-glucose yegazi kufanele ihlolwe ngokucophelela.

Ukudla okunempilo kwe-listeriosis

Isisekelo sokondla kweziguli ezine-listeriosis kufanele kube ukudla okungunombolo 5, okunobumnene ngangokunokwenzeka emkhakheni wamathumbu nasesibindi. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kudla kufanele kufake phakathi lokhu kudla okulandelayo:

  • amaqebelengwane angakhululekile, amabhisikidi omile;
  • isinkwa sayizolo esenziwe ngofulawa kakolweni noma ufulawa ophelele;
  • inhlanzi epholile ebilisiwe noma ebhakwe;
  • inyama engenamzimba, inkukhu engenasikhumba;
  • izitsha ezivela emikhiqizweni yobisi enamafutha aphansi;
  • okusanhlamvu oku-viscous okuvela ezinhlamvini ezahlukene;
  • amaqanda omhlophe amaqanda enkukhu;
  • amasobho kumhluzi wemifino ngaphandle kokuthosa;
  • ithanga eluhlaza kanye nezaqathe;
  • uju ngamanani amancane;
  • amajusi asanda kufinywa.

Imithi yendabuko ye-listeriosis

  1. 1 nge-angio-septic form, abelaphi bendabuko batusa ukugcoba nge-decoction ka-eucalyptus;
  2. 2 ngamathoni avuvukile, gcoba ngejusi yebhungethi esanda kufinywa kaningana ngosuku;
  3. 3 ngomphimbo obuhlungu, phuza itiye le-thyme kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka emini;
  4. 4 1 isipuni hlanganisa uju wemvelo ne-½ tbsp. ijusi kalamula bese uthatha i-1 tsp njalo ngehora.[1];
  5. 5 hlafuna ucezu lwepropolis ngemuva kokudla ngomphimbo obuhlungu womphimbo;
  6. 6 ngomkhuhlane, kufanele uphuze itiye elishisayo ngama-raspberries kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka;
  7. 7 ngohudo, amanzi elayisi noma i-decoction yezinyoni amajikijolo omisiwe asiza kahle;
  8. 8 ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ijusi elisha noma i-pomegranate pulp izosiza;
  9. 9 1 tbsp uthele i-1 tbsp yamacembe ka-sunflower. amanzi abilayo, qinisa futhi uthathe kabili ngosuku ngaphambi kokudla. Le tincture ivusa isifiso sokudla;
  10. 10 thatha imizuzu engama-20. ngaphambi kokudla 1 tsp. ijusi yesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi ukwandisa isifiso sokudla;
  11. 11 ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwesibindi, udle i-rutabaga ngangokunokwenzeka;
  12. 12 1/3 isipuni ijusi lamazambane ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho kuvusa isibindi;
  13. 13 nge-tachycardia, kukhonjiswa i-decoction yezimbali ze-hawthorn, iyathathwa ngaphambi kokudla kwe-½ tbsp .;
  14. 14 Chop amakhanda ayi-10 aphakathi kukagalikhi, engeza umpe wamalamula ayi-10 ne-1 litre loju. Ingxube evelayo izosiza ukuqeda i-tachycardia, ithathe 1 ngosuku, izipuni ezimbili;
  15. 15 nge-conjunctivitis, sebenzisa i-gruel yamazambane eluhlaza ehlanganiswe ngendwangu emehlweni[2];
  16. 16 Ijusi leKalanchoe, elihlanjululwa ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1, lizosiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu ze-conjunctivitis.

Ukudla okuyingozi nokulimazayo kwe-listeriosis

Iziguli ezine-listerisis zidinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukudla kwazo futhi zingafaki ekudleni kokudla okugcwala kakhulu isibindi nomgudu wamathumbu:

  • isikhuphasha seqanda;
  • iziphuzo ezibandayo;
  • utshwala;
  • ikhofi elinamandla netiye;
  • umhluzi wesinaphi, wehorseradish kanye nesitolo esishisayo;
  • izithelo ezimuncu;
  • amaqebelengwane acebile;
  • imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha;
  • izinhlanzi ezisemathinini nenyama;
  • izifundo zokuqala kumhluzi wenyama noma othosiwe.
Imithombo yolwazi
  1. Herbalist: zokupheka zegolide zemithi yesintu / Comp. A. Markov. - M.: Eksmo; Iforamu, 2007 .- 928 k.
  2. Incwadi yokufunda ye-Popov AP Herbal. Ukwelashwa ngamakhambi okwelapha. - I-LLC "U-Factoria". EYekaterinburg: 1999.— 560 k., Ill.
  3. Isihloko se-Wikipedia "Listeriosis".
Ukuphrinta kwezinto

Ukusetshenziswa kwanoma iyiphi into ngaphandle kwemvume yethu ebhaliwe akuvunyelwe.

Imithetho yokuphepha

Abaphathi ababophezelekile kunoma imuphi umzamo wokusebenzisa noma iyiphi iresiphi, iseluleko noma ukudla, futhi futhi akuqinisekisi ukuthi imininingwane ebekiwe izokusiza noma ikulimaze wena uqobo. Hlakanipha futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi uthintane nodokotela ofanele!

Qaphela!

Abaphathi abanacala nganoma yimuphi umzamo wokusebenzisa imininingwane oyinikiwe, futhi akuqinisekisi ukuthi ngeke ikulimaze wena uqobo. Izinto zokwakha azinakusetshenziselwa ukunquma ukwelashwa nokwenza ukuxilongwa. Njalo thintana nodokotela wakho onguchwepheshe!

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