“Asibambaneni izandla, bangane”: kungani kunciphisa izinhlungu

Cabanga emuva ebuntwaneni bakho. Wenzeni lapho uwe walimala edolweni? Ngokunokwenzeka, baphuthuma kumama noma kubaba ukuze bagone. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuthintwa komuntu othandekayo kungaphulukisa ngempela, hhayi nje ngokomzwelo kuphela, kodwa nasemzimbeni.

I-Neuroscience manje isifinyelele iphuzu lapho omama emhlabeni wonke bebelokhu bezwa ngendlela enembile: ukuthinta nokuzwela kusiza ukukhulula ubuhlungu. Omama ababengakwazi ukuthi ukuthinta kuvumelanisa amaza obuchopho nokuthi yilokhu okungenzeka kuholela ekudambiseni ubuhlungu.

“Lapho omunye umuntu esixoxela ngobuhlungu bakhe, izinqubo ezifanayo ziqala ebuchosheni bethu njengokungathi nathi ngokwethu sisezinhlungwini,” kuchaza uSimone Shamai-Tsuri, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo noprofesa eNyuvesi yaseHaifa.

U-Simone nethimba lakhe baqinisekise lesi simo ngokuqhuba uchungechunge lokuhlola. Okokuqala, bahlola ukuthi ukuxhumana ngokomzimba nomuntu ongamazi noma umlingani othandana naye kuthinta kanjani umbono wobuhlungu. Isici sobuhlungu sibangelwa ukuchayeka kokushisa, okuzwakala njengokusha okuncane engalweni. Uma abantu ngaleso sikhathi bebambene ngezandla nozakwethu, ukuzwa okungajabulisi bekubekezelelwa kalula. Futhi lapho umlingani ebazwela kakhulu, kulapho bebubona buthaka ubuhlungu. Kodwa ukuthinta komuntu ongamazi akuzange kunikeze umphumela onjalo.

Ukuze baqonde ukuthi lesi simo sisebenza kanjani futhi kungani, ososayensi basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha be-electroencephalogram obavumela ukuba balinganise amasiginali ngesikhathi esisodwa ebuchosheni bezifundo nabalingani babo. Bathole ukuthi lapho ozakwethu bebambene ngezandla futhi omunye wabo esezinhlungwini, izimpawu zobuchopho babo ziyavumelana: amaseli afanayo ezindaweni ezifanayo ayakhanya.

"Sekuyisikhathi eside sazi ukuthi ukubamba isandla somunye kuyisici esibalulekile sokusekelwa komphakathi, kodwa manje sesiyaqonda ukuthi hlobo luni lwalo mphumela," kusho uShamai-Tsuri.

Ukuze sichaze, masikhumbule ama-neuron esibukweni - amangqamuzana obuchopho ajabulayo lapho thina ngokwethu senza okuthile nalapho sibheka kuphela ukuthi omunye wenza kanjani lesi senzo (kulokhu, thina ngokwethu sishiswa kancane noma sibona ukuthi uzakwethu uthola kanjani). Ukuvumelanisa okuqine kunakho konke kubonwe ngokuqondile endaweni yobuchopho ehambisana nokuziphatha kwesibuko sama-neurons, kanye nakulezo lapho amasignali mayelana nokuthintana ngokomzimba afika khona.

“Mhlawumbe ngezikhathi ezinjalo imingcele phakathi kwethu nabanye iba lufifi,” kusikisela uShamai-Tsuri. "Umuntu uhlanganyela nathi ngokoqobo ubuhlungu bakhe, futhi sisusa ingxenye yakho."

Olunye uchungechunge lokuhlola lwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-fMRI (i-imaging magnetic resonance esebenzayo). Okokuqala, kwenziwa i-tomogram kumlingani owayesezinhlungwini, futhi othandekayo wabamba isandla sakhe futhi wazwela. Base behlola ubuchopho bomuntu ozwelayo. Kuzo zombili izimo, umsebenzi watholakala ku-lobe ephansi ye-parietal: indawo lapho ama-mirror neurons atholakala khona.

Ozakwethu abazwa ubuhlungu futhi ababebanjwe ngesandla nabo babenciphise umsebenzi ku-insula, ingxenye ye-cerebral cortex enesibopho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngokuzwa ubuhlungu. Abalingani babo abazange babe nezinguquko kule ndawo, ngoba abazange bazizwe ubuhlungu ngokomzimba.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izimpawu zobuhlungu ngokwabo (ososayensi babiza lokhu kuvusa okubuhlungu kwezintambo zezinzwa) azizange zishintshe - kuphela izinzwa zezihloko ezishintshile. "Kokubili amandla omthelela namandla obuhlungu kuhlala kufana, kodwa lapho "umlayezo" ungena ebuchosheni, kukhona okwenzekayo okusenza sibone imizwa njengebuhlungu kancane."

Akubona bonke ososayensi abavumelana neziphetho ezifinyelelwe ithimba labacwaningi likaShamai-Tsuri. Ngakho-ke, umcwaningi waseSweden u-Julia Suvilehto ukholelwa ukuthi singakhuluma kakhulu ngokuhlobana kunokukhuluma nge-causation. Ngokusho kwakhe, umphumela obonwe ungase ube nezinye izincazelo. Enye yazo yindlela umzimba osabela ngayo ekucindezelekeni. Uma sicindezelekile, ubuhlungu bubonakala bunamandla kunalapho siziphumulele, okusho ukuthi uma uphathina esibamba isandla, siyehlisa umoya – futhi manje asisalimazi kangako.

Ucwaningo luphinde lubonise ukuthi ukusebenzelana komphakathi kungavumelanisa ukuphefumula kwethu nokushaya kwenhliziyo, kodwa mhlawumbe futhi ngenxa yokuthi ukuba seduze kothandekayo kuyasehlisa. Noma mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi ukuthinta nokuzwelana ngokwako kuyajabulisa futhi kwenza kusebenze izindawo zobuchopho ezinikeza umphumela "wokudambisa izinhlungu".

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyini incazelo, ngokuzayo uma uya kudokotela, cela umlingani wakho ukuthi akugcinele. Noma umama, njengasezinsukwini zakudala.