Uchoko

Incazelo jikelele yalesi sifo

Lesi yisifo esingelapheki esivela ezithathelwanayo, esenziwa ngamagciwane. I-Mycobacterium leprae… Lesi sifo kudala saziwa. Uchoko luvame ukuthinta isikhumba, isimiso sezinzwa ezisemaphethelweni, futhi kwezinye izimo izinyawo, izandla, amehlo namasende.

Uchoko noma uchoko kuvame kakhulu emazweni anezimo ezishisayo. Eminyakeni engama-50 edlule, sehle kakhulu isibalo seziguli ezinechoko. Kodwa-ke, kusuka ezigidini ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-15 zeziguli ezinochoko zitholakala minyaka yonke emhlabeni. Indawo yokuqala enanini lamacala abhalisiwe yabiwa yiNepal ne-India, iBrazil ingeyesibili neBurma ingeyesithathu. Izakhamizi zamazwe anezimo zokuphila ezingezinhle zisengcupheni: ngokudla okungenamsoco, amanzi angcolile, kanye nalezo ezihlaselwa yizifo eziqeda amasosha omzimba - ingculaza kanye nesifo sokusha kwesibindi.

Uchoko lunenkathi ende yokufukamela, engaba kusuka ezinyangeni ezi-5-6 kuye emashumini ambalwa eminyaka, alinazimpawu, ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi salo cishe seminyaka emihlanu. Umthombo walesi sifo ngumuntu ogula ngochoko. Ezinganeni ezihlangana nomuntu ogulayo, ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokushesha kunabantu abadala.

Izinhlobo nezimpawu zochoko

• ifomu elixokozelayo uchoko lubhekwa njengolunzima kakhulu. Esikhunjeni sobuso, imilenze, izinqe, izingalo zangaphambili, izindawo eziyindilinga ezine-erythematous ezinobuso obushelelezi zakhiwe, njengomthetho, obomvu ngombala, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziba nsundu ngombala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isikhumba ezindaweni ezithintekile siba sikhulu kakhulu, bese kuthi uchoko noma kungene ngaphakathi endaweni yamabala. Ngokuqhubeka kwesifo endaweni yochoko, ukujuluka kuyayeka ngokuphelele, kukhona ukwanda kobuhle futhi isikhumba siba nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinguquko ezingena ngaphakathi zenza amafolda esikhunjeni, ikhala namashiya ajiye, nezici zobuso ziyashintsha. Ukugcotshwa kwe-septum yamakhala kungashintsha ukuma kwekhala. Uma umphimbo ungenwa, izwi lesiguli lingashintsha;
• ifomu le-tuberculoid akuthinti izitho zangaphakathi. Lolu hlobo lochoko luthinta isikhumba kanye nesistimu yezinzwa yomngcele. Ama-papules ansomi avela esiqwini sesiguli, emalungeni aphezulu noma ebusweni besiguli. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-papules ahlangana futhi akhe amapuleti, lapho izinwele ze-vellus ziwa khona futhi zenze ukoma nokuthamba. Ngalolu hlobo lochoko, izinzipho zezandla zingathinteka, zikhubazekile, ziqine futhi zibe mpunga. Izindawo ezithintekile zesikhumba zilahlekelwa ukuzwela, ngakho-ke zithambekele ekulimaleni nasekushiseni, ezingapholi kahle futhi zikhule. Amagatsha ezinzwa zobuso, i-parotid, ne-radial nerves ajiya, mhlawumbe ukwephulwa komsebenzi weminwe yeminwe nezinzwane;
• ifomu elingahlukanisiwe kuthinta imikhawulo engezansi. Izilonda zesikhumba zibonakala njengamaqhuqhuva, amapuleti, noma amabala abomvu angalingani. Ukulimala kwemizwa kubonakala ngesimo se-asymmetric neuritis noma i-polyneuritis enokukhubazeka. Ifomu lomngcele we-pathology lingaphenduka i-tuberculoid noma i-lepromatous.

Izimbangela zochoko

Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokukhipha emakhaleni nasemlonyeni, ubisi lwebele, isidoda, umchamo, lapho usondelene kakhulu neziguli ezinechoko. Ukutheleleka nge-Mycobacterium leprae kuvame ukwenzeka ngamaconsi asemoyeni. Isiguli esinochoko sikhipha cishe amagciwane ayisigidi ngosuku. Ukutheleleka kungenzeka uma ubuqotho besikhumba buphulwa ukulunywa yizinambuzane noma lapho usebenzisa ama-tattoos.

Abantu abanamasosha omzimba aphilayo banokumelana okuphezulu nezifo ezethulwe. Lapho amabhaktheriya ochoko engena emzimbeni, bangaba ngu-10-20% kuphela abantu abagulayo. Ukutheleleka kudinga ukuxhumana isikhathi eside futhi okusondelene nomuntu onegciwane. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abesilisa bachayeke kakhulu kuchoko kunabesifazane.

Izinkinga zochoko

Endabeni yokwelashwa okungakafiki ngesimo esinochoko, amehlo angathinteka, i-iridocyclitis ne-conjunctivitis ziyakhula, kokunye kungenzeka ubumpumputhe. Ukuvela kochoko ku-mucosa yamakhala kucasula ukuphuma kwamakhala, ukuphuma kwesikhumba se-septum, kuze kube ukukhubazeka kwamakhala. Izinguquko esikhunjeni ebusweni ziholela ekukhubazekeni. Ukwehlulwa kwezitho zangaphakathi kuholela kwi-nephritis, i-prostatitis, i-orchitis, i-hepatitis engapheli.

Ifomu le-tuberculoid lingaholela ezilondeni ezinkulu zezinyawo nezandla, i-muscle atrophy, i-paresis nokukhubazeka. Uma ama-granulomas akha emathanjeni, kungenzeka ukuthi kwaphuka amathambo.

Ukuvimbela uchoko

Iphuzu eliyinhloko ekuvinjelweni kwalesi sifo kubhekwa njengokugcina ngokuqinile imithetho yenhlanzeko, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo zokuphila kanye nekhwalithi yempilo. Isiguli esinochoko kufanele sibe nezitsha ngazinye, ithawula, ilineni lokulala. Kuyaqabukela ngokwedlulele, kepha noma kunjalo, amacala okubuya kochoko aseqinisekisiwe. Ngakho-ke, abantu abake baba nalesi sifo abavunyelwe ukusebenza ekhishini, ezikhungweni zezokwelapha nezokunakekela izingane.

Uma othile emndenini ubenochoko, wonke amalungu omndeni kufanele ahlolwe unyaka nonyaka. Izingane ezizalwa ngomama abanochoko zihlukaniswa ngokushesha futhi zondliwe ngokungeyena.

Ezinyathelweni zokuvimbela, abantu kufanele bahlolwe kugxila kulo bhubhane ukuze kutholakale ngokushesha amacala okutheleleka nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi.

Ukwelashwa kochoko emithini ejwayelekile

Lapho welapha uchoko, kudingidwa ochwepheshe abambalwa: uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo, udokotela wamathambo, udokotela wezifo zamehlo kanye nodokotela wezinzwa. Ngokuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi, uchoko luyelapheka ngokuphelele.

Ukwelashwa kochoko kufanele kube isikhathi eside futhi kuphelele. Okokuqala, uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo ubeka okungenani ama-3 antileprotic agents ochungechunge lwe-sulfone. Inkambo yokwelapha uchoko ingaba yiminyaka eminingana, isiguli sithola izifundo eziningana zokwelapha, phakathi kwalokho okudingekayo ukuphumula. Ukuze ugweme umlutha, inhlanganisela yemithi yokulwa nezifo ishintshwa njalo ezifundweni ezimbili zokwelashwa. Ekwelapheni uchoko, ama-antibiotics, izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala, ama-immunomodulators, ama-hepatoprotectors, ama-agent anensimbi, ama-adaptogens nama-vitamin complexes ayadingeka.

Odokotela bomzimba bochoko bancoma izikhathi zokubhucungwa umzimba, ukwelashwa ngemishini, nokwelashwa kokuvivinya umzimba.

Qaphela!

Abaphathi abanacala nganoma yimuphi umzamo wokusebenzisa imininingwane oyinikiwe, futhi akuqinisekisi ukuthi ngeke ikulimaze wena uqobo. Izinto zokwakha azinakusetshenziselwa ukunquma ukwelashwa nokwenza ukuxilongwa. Njalo thintana nodokotela wakho onguchwepheshe!