I-Lard

Isingeniso

I-Lard ingumkhiqizo odume kakhulu wase-our country emhlabeni. Bayamthanda kakhulu naseRussia. Kodwa izazi-mlando zokudla okunempilo zikholelwa ukuthi bekungathandwa kakhulu kubantu baseRussia: ngaphezu komugqa wendawo odlula eSmolensk, eTula, ePenza naseSamara, abakudlanga nhlobo.

Futhi kuphela esikhathini seSoviet, lapho kwakukhona inhlanganisela yabantu, uLard, kanye nabahlali, basakazeka ezweni lonke futhi bathanda bonke abantu ngokwabo.

Umlando

Isiko elidala kunawo wonke lokwenza isinqumelo selikhona kusukela ezinsukwini zeRoma lasendulo eNyakatho ye-Italy. Njengasezinsukwini zakudala, ngaphandle kokushintsha iresiphi, zisenza izinhlobo ezimbili zeLard - “Lardo di Colonata” ne- “Lard d'Arna”.

Kepha empeleni, isinqumelo sasithandwa emazweni amaningi. AmaSlav aseBalkan ayembiza "slanina", abasePoland bayibiza ngokuthi "slon", amaJalimane ayibiza ngokuthi "i-speck", e-USA - "fatback" (amafutha avela emuva). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isinqumelo sasithandwa futhi njengesinqumelo esincibilikisiwe, esinokuvumelana kwebhotela.

Lapho ixubene nokuqhekeka futhi isakazwa ngesinkwa esimnyama, njengoba kwenza eTranscarpathia naseJalimane, kumnandi nje. Futhi emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, isintu besibheka ingulube njengomkhiqizo omnandi futhi onempilo. Futhi emisebenzini yezokwelapha yesayensi emuva ngawo-1930. e-USA, yabizwa njengenye yamafutha anempilo kakhulu. Namuhla e-United States, isinqumelo sisuliwe empilweni ngokujwayelekile, akusekho lapho. Futhi umhlaba wonke ukholelwa ukuthi lokhu okunye kokudla okuyingozi kakhulu.

Kugwetshwe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1960, lapho i-United States imemezela ukulwa ne-cholesterol: amafutha ezilwane, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke isinqumelo, athathwa njengemithombo yawo eyinhloko. Ngo-1995, lapho iLard yayingasekho futhi ama-margarine anamafutha e-trans acishe ayifaka ngokuphelele, kwavele kwacaca ukuthi ayikho enye into eyingozi ukudlula lawa mafutha. Bakhuthaze ukukhula kwe-atherosclerosis, isifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi, nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.

Iqiniso nge-cholesterol

Kumagremu ayi-100 wesinqumelo kunengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yenani lansuku zonke lale nto. Kepha, okokuqala, akuyona ingozi njenge-cholesterol yethu eyenziwe esibindini. Okwesibili, kune-choline eningi ku-Lard, futhi inciphisa imiphumela emibi ye-cholesterol futhi ivikele nemithambo yegazi. Ngakho-ke isinqumelo asiyona ingozi njengoba yethulwe kithi isikhathi eside. Ngemithamo elinganiselayo (ngokufanele i-30-40 g ngosuku) kuyasiza impela.

Kukhona enye ingxabano enamandla yesinqumelo - ilungele ukupheka. Futhi ikakhulukazi ukuthosa, lapho isetshenziswe khona ngokwesiko. Namuhla izitsha zivame ukuthosiwe kumafutha emifino, ikakhulukazi emafutheni we-sunflower. Ngakho-ke, uwoyela wethu we-sunflower owuthandayo, kanye namafutha ommbila, yikhona okubi kakhulu kulokhu. Lokhu kufakazelwe ekuhlolweni kukaSolwazi Martin Grutveld wase-University of Leicester De Montfort e-UK.

Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-polyunsaturated fatty acids yamafutha yemifino kuphenduka ama-peroxide ayingozi nama-aldehydes ngesikhathi sokuthosa. Zibamba iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni umdlavuza, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, izifo ezihlangene, njll. Kwavela ukuthi kungcono ukuthosa emafutheni, lapho kukhona khona ama-asidi anamafutha awusizo kangako - lokhu kungumnqumo nebhotela, amafutha ehansi nesinqumelo. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, azinzile ngokwengeziwe, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ama-aldehydes anobuthi nama-peroxide awakhiwa. USolwazi Grutveld uncoma ngokuqinile ukuthosa nala mafutha.

Ngisiphi isikhathi esihle kakhulu sesinqumelo?

Uyazi ukuthi isiphi isinqumelo esihle kakhulu? Ekuseni, kwasekuseni. Isibindi sethu esidonsa kanzima sichitha amalitha egazi ebusuku, sihlanze ubuthi, bese sithumela konke lokhu “ukungcola” enyameni. Futhi isinqumelo sisiza "ukukhipha" le nyongo emathunjini ekuseni. IBile, yona, iyisikhuthazi esihle kakhulu sokuhamba kwamathumbu, okusho ukuthi kuyasiza ukususa konke okungadingekile emzimbeni.

Ngakho-ke - ngibe nesidlo sasekuseni esimnandi futhi ngilethe izinzuzo emzimbeni. Ishwa elilodwa - awuyidli igalikhi ekuseni, akunakwenzeka ukuthi labo abaseduze kwakho bajabule ngephunga likagalikhi.

Kungani ingulube ingcono ukuyidla negalikhi? Kukholakala ukuthi ukudla isinqumelo ngogalikhi kukunikeza i-selenium ebaluleke kakhulu kithina, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngendlela efakwe kahle. Futhi ugalikhi - isitolo esifanayo selenium, usebenza njengomlingani omuhle kakhulu wesinqumelo.

I-Russian Academy of Medical Sciences ithi cishe ama-80% amaRussia entula lesi sici sokudinga esidingeka kakhulu, hhayi ngeze elibizwa ngokuthi "amaminerali wokuphila isikhathi eside." Ngendlela, sekuyiminyaka eminingi indaba isakazwa kwi-Intanethi ukuthi ukudla kwabadala "baseKremlin" - iPolitburo endala kunazo zonke kuma-80s okuqala, bekuhlala kufaka ama-30 g alo mkhiqizo owusizo kakhulu nsuku zonke.

Lawa magremu angama-30 angumthamo omuhle womuntu omdala onempilo.

Izinzuzo zesinqumelo

Yini enye ukusetshenziswa kwesinqumelo? Kumavithamini ancibilika amafutha A, E no-D, ku-arachidonic acid, okuyingxenye yolwelwesi lweseli, kuma-enzyme emisipha yenhliziyo. Le fatty acid ebalulekile "ivula" ukuphendula komzimba komzimba wethu kumagciwane nakwigciwane, futhi ibandakanyeka ekugayweni komzimba kwe-cholesterol.

Yebo, iyatholakala nakweminye imikhiqizo, kodwa isibonelo ebhotela ingaphansi izikhathi eziyishumi kune-lard. Futhi ngokungafani nobisi olusha, lapho izinga le-arachidonic acid liwela ngokushesha, emafutheni lihlala lingashintshile.

Isinqumelo ne-cholesterol

Ngabe usasaba i-cholesterol futhi ubheke uLard njengomunye wabashushisi be-atherosclerosis? Lokho kuyize. Ayikho i-cholesterol "embi" noma "enhle" epuletini, iba njalo emzimbeni wethu. Mhlawumbe, nakanjani sizokhuluma nge-cholesterol ekudleni ngokuzayo.

Futhi, ngasendleleni, isinqumelo sine-85-90 mg kuphela ye-cholesterol nge-100 g, ngokungafani nekhekhe elinokhilimu noma ikhekhe le-choux, lapho linama-150-180 mg, futhi lingaphansi kakhulu kwamaqanda ezigwaca ezinempilo kakhulu, lapho ingu-600 mg. Futhi unganciphisa ukulimala kwe-cholesterol ngokudla isinqumelo ngesaladi lemifino emisha, okunongwe ngejusi kalamula noma i-apula cider uviniga.

Ingabe wesaba ukuthi ingulube ingumkhiqizo “osindayo” futhi awungenanga kahle emzimbeni wethu? Ukubambiswa udonga. Ukushisa okuncibilikayo, ngokwesibonelo, kwamafutha emvu kungama-degree angama-43-55, amafutha enkomo angama-42-49, kepha isinqumelo singama-29 -35. Futhi wonke amafutha, iphuzu lawo ancibilika angaphansi kwama-37 degrees, okuwukuthi, eduze nokushisa komzimba womuntu, amuncwa ngokuphelele, ngoba kulula ukuwabeka emulsifying.

Ngabe usakholelwa ukuthi i-cellulite ivela emafutheni? Cha, amafutha awanqwabeli ezinhlangothini nasezinqeni, ngaphandle kokuthi uwadle ngamakhilogremu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza, isinqumelo ngumkhiqizo owanelisa kakhulu one-coefficient ephezulu yokugcwala. Kuyiqiniso, abanye bayakwazi ukuyidla kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.

Futhi, ngasendleleni, kungenzeka futhi kudingekile ukuthosa isinqumelo, ngoba "kunendawo yokubhema" (izinga lokushisa lapho amafutha akhiswa khona) cishe ngama-degree ayi-195, aphezulu kunamafutha amaningi emifino, okungukuthi, isikhathi sokuthosa kufinyeziwe futhi izakhi zomzimba eziningi zihlala esitsheni.

Enye impahla emangazayo yamafutha ukuthi ayiqoqi ama-radionuclides, futhi ama-helminths awahlali kuyo.

Ukulimala okuvela kusinqumelo

Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamafutha kuyindlela eqondile yokukhuluphala nokukhula kwe-atherosclerosis ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol. Kunconywa ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo (kuze kukhishwe ngokuphelele ekudleni) kulabo abanezinkinga ngemithambo yegazi, inhliziyo nokugaya.

Umkhiqizo akufanele uthoswe ngokweqile ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwama-carcinogens. Qaphela ngokukhetha kwakho - izilwane kufanele zikhuliswe ezindaweni ezinobungane bemvelo.

Ingabe isinqumelo esibhemayo siyingozi? Impela! Lokhu kuchazwa ngokuqukethwe kwenani elikhulu lama-carcinogens. Lokhu akuyona nje indlela yemvelo yokubhema, kepha futhi nokusetshenziswa kwentuthu engamanzi.

Akufanele sikhohlwe ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhalori lomkhiqizo: 797 kcal nge-100 g ngayinye. Lesi yisilinganiso esivamile sansuku zonke somuntu omdala, esithathwe emafutheni futhi esidingekayo impilo ephelele! Uma sibheka ukuthi isinqumelo asihlukile ekunotheni kwayo kokubunjwa, ngeke kubizwe ngokuthi kuwusizo kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemithamo eyeqile kuyingozi kakhulu, kuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kokukhuluphala hhayi kuphela, kepha nezifo eziningi.

Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ukudla ngokweqile kwesinqumelo, ngisho nakumuntu onempilo ngokuphelele, kugcwele ukuphazamiseka okukhulu. Uma kukhona izifo ezinzima ezingapheli, kungcono ukubonisana nodokotela mayelana nokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo.

Lapho usuthole ukuthi ngabe isinqumelo sisebenziseka kangcono noma sisabungozi yini, isiphetho esihambisanayo siyaziphakamisa: uma uwufuna ngempela lo mkhiqizo onamafutha, ungazincishi, kepha khumbula isilinganiso!

Nambitha izimfanelo

Njengoba isinqumelo singamafutha ezilwane, ukunambitheka kwalo mkhiqizo cishe akubonakali. Kepha ukuze uthokozele umkhiqizo osele usawoti noma obhemayo, abathandi besinqumelo kudingeka baqaphele ngokukhetha okuluhlaza. Iphutha elincane noma ukunganaki kuzoholela emiphumeleni engenakulungiswa.

• Amafutha aluhlaza asezingeni eliphakeme ahlolwa odokotela bezilwane, njengoba kufakazelwa isitembu esikhethekile.
• Kungcono uma ubhekeni osikiwe ngemuva kwesilwane noma ohlangothini lwesidumbu kusetshenziselwa ukufaka usawoti.
• Ingulube yengulube ingakushaya ngephunga le-urea futhi ukude nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu.
• Ikhwalithi yesinqumelo ingatshelwa ngombala wayo omhlophe ngokukhanya okubomvu oku-pink. Uma amanoni ephonsa ophuzi noma ebonakala empunga, kungcono ukuwabeka eceleni.
• Kungcono ukunaka izingcezu ngesikhumba esinwebekile esincane, esingagwazwa ngisho nangomuthi wokuxubha ngokhuni.
• Ikhwalithi ephezulu yebhekoni eluhlaza kulula ukuyibamba.
• Isinqumelo cishe asinalo iphunga laso, futhi uma sinuka, siyinyama entsha hhayi okunye.

Lapho kukhethwa isinqumelo esiluhlaza, singafakwa usawoti, sincibilikiswe, sibiliswe noma sibheme. Futhi lapha umkhiqizo uzokwazi ukwamukela ngokwazisa amaphunga nokunambitheka kwazo zonke izinongo ezisetshenzisiwe nezinongo.

Izicelo zokupheka

Awukho omunye umkhiqizo wokudla ongaqhathaniswa “nothando” lwesinqumelo sezinongo nokokuthosa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emazweni ahlukene bathanda amaphunga angafani.

Abase-our country abakwazi ukuphila usuku ngaphandle kwesinqumelo ngogalikhi nopelepele omnyama, kanti abantu baseHungary bathanda ubhekeni onosawoti, ofafazwe kakhulu nge-paprika yomhlabathi. Kepha lokhu akuwona umkhawulo.

Isinqumelo kuma-cosines kazwelonke

AmaNtaliyane avela enyakatho yeTuscany abe yi-foodies enkulu kakhulu. Abakwa-stonemason bendawo, ababebambe iqhaza ekukhipheni imabula edumile yaseCarrara, baqala ukwenza isinqumelo kasawoti emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka edlule, bengeza i-rosemary, i-oregano ne-thyme, i-nutmeg nesage ku-brine. Isinqumelo esinuka kamnandi kangaka, u-lardo, sasigugile isikhathi eside emigqonyeni yemabula, ngemuva kwalokho uqobo saba njengetshe eliyigugu elinemithambo yenyama.

AmaJalimane angabalandeli bezidlo ezinomsoco. Ngakho-ke, ubhekeni, njengaseJalimane abawubiza ngokuthi isinqumelo, ulusizo ezitsheni ezishisayo namasobho enyama aminyene, ukudla okulula kanye namasoseji, lapho ubhekeni wenezelwa khona ujusi.

ENtshonalanga Yurophu, ingulube ayithandwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuyamangaza ukuthi esiqhingini saseNgilandi, lapho kukhulunywa ngobhekeni, iningi lezakhamizi liyavuma ukuthi liyawuthanda lo mkhiqizo. Kepha lesi yisibhekeni sangempela esinezingqimba ezondile zenyama yethenda, enikeze negama ekuqondisweni kokuzalela izingulube.

AmaFulentshi, njengokwangempela kweqiniso kanye nama-gourmets, akhetha ukuluhlaza, kepha ama-ghee. Kuyisithako esibaluleke kakhulu kuma-pâtés adumile aseFrance anesibindi, amakhowe namakhambi ababayo. Kepha isinqumelo asifuneki kuphela eFrance cuisine.

Abantu baseHungary bayayithanda kakhulu, bayifaka kwi-paprikash enamakha, i-goulash kanye nesobho lesizwe laseHalasas nezinhlanzi. AbaseBelarusian basondela kakhulu kwizinqumelo kunezinye izizwe. Ngokwesicelo saleli zwe, ugogo wamazambane kanye nobhekeni wafakwa esikhwameni samagugu okupheka aseYurophu.

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi udle iphawundi le-Lard? bukela ividiyo: