Ukudla kwaseJapan

Izici kanye nezimfihlo zekhishi elingavamile kakhulu emhlabeni ziqale ukuvezwa muva nje. Kukhona umbono wokuthi lokhu bekubangelwa kakhulu ngabapheki ababili abanethalente abahlala futhi basebenza ngekhulu lamashumi amabili. Owokuqala nguKitaji Rodzandzin, owangena emlandweni wezinto zokupheka zasendaweni njengendoda eyanquma ukwengeza ukudla kwayo ngenkonzo esezingeni (ngomculo nabesifazane abahle baseChina) nezitsha ezinhle ezazizenzela yona. Omunye nguYuki Teiichi, owaziwa njengomsunguli weKitte Restaurant. Ngemuva kokuhlanza izitsha zendabuko zamaShayina ezinezakhi zaseYurophu, ngemuva kwalokho wasebenza isikhathi eside ukuletha ukubukeka kwabo ekupheleleni futhi, njengoba isikhathi sibonisile, waphumelela kulokhu. Kodwa konke kwaqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Umlando

Bathi i-cuisine yaseJapan yesimanje ingaphezu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingama-2500 ubudala. Inombolo ayikhethwanga ngengozi. Ngokomlando, ngaleso sikhathi unkulunkulu u-Inarisama waletha irayisi kubasebenzi bakhe, okwathi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kwaqala ukukhula kula mazwe futhi okwathi kamuva kwaba yinto ehlukile yokudla kwaseJapan. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zabantu bendawo, lokhu okusanhlamvu bekungumkhiqizo obalulekile wokudla kanye nophawu lokuchuma, olwalugcinwa abaholi e-okura - ezinqolobaneni.

Yize kunamanzi amaningi ageleza ngaphansi kwebhuloho kusukela lapho, ilayisi, kubonakala sengathi, alilahlekelwanga ukubaluleka kwalo okukhethekile. Ngisho nanamuhla, uMnyango Wezezimali waleli zwe ubizwa ngokuthi Okurase, noma uMnyango Wezindawo Zokuhlala.

Kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi amaShayina asendulo ekuqaleni ayephatha inyama ngokuhlonishwa okukhulu, futhi lokhu akuyona into yokucabanga, kodwa imiphumela yocwaningo lwezinto zakudala. Kamuva kwaba ukushoda kwemidlalo eziqhingini okwaphoqa ukuthi bazame ezinye izithako, kufaka phakathi inhlanzi. Kanye nabo, okhokho bamaJapane anamuhla badla izimbaza, izimila zasolwandle nazo zonke izinhlobo zokudla kwasolwandle. Ngokusho kososayensi, kwakungukudla lokhu okuvumela izakhamizi zanamuhla zomhlaba welanga eliphumayo ukuthi zithole isihloko esiziqhenyayo sesizwe esinama-long livers.

Lapho befunda ngomsuka wentuthuko yokudla kwaseJapan, ososayensi bamangazwa ukuthi abantu basendulo babezazi kahle kangakanani izinhlobo zokudla abakudlayo. Zahlulele wena:

• babedla izinhlanzi nokunye ukuphila kwasolwandle kuluhlaza ngaphandle kokulimala empilweni yabo. Vele ngoba ngaleso sikhathi base bevele benongwe nge-wasabi - i-Japanese horseradish;
• base befundile ukubhema inyama;
• bakha iziqandisi zemvelo, ngaleso sikhathi ezazimbiwa izimbobo kuze kufike ku-3 m ukujula;
• babekwazi ukugcina ukudla kusetshenziswa usawoti njengesilondolozi;
• banambitha izinhlanzi ezingama-puffer eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziningana ngaphambi kwenkathi yethu futhi, ngokwahlulela ngemiphumela yokumba, bayifaka ngempumelelo ekudleni kwabo.

Esikhathini se-XNUMXth - XNUMXth century AD, ukudla kwaseJapan kwashintsha ngandlela thile. Yathonywa yiChina, ngenxa yokuthi abantu bendawo bathande ubhontshisi, ama-noodle netiye eliluhlaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaJapane akwazi ukwamukela ifilosofi yabahlali boMbuso Wasezulwini, ngaphakathi kohlaka inyama engazange idliwe, futhi ukudla inyama uqobo kwakuthathwa njengesono, ngoba kukhombisa ukungayihloniphi impilo yezilwane. Into ethakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi ukubukwa okunjalo kwaqhubeka ku-cuisine yendawo kuze kube sekhulwini le-XNUMXth.

Isikhathi sakamuva ekwakhiweni kokudla kwaseJapan naso sithakazelisa kakhulu kososayensi. Kuqondane nokuthuthuka okusebenzayo kwesayensi, ubuciko namasiko. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kwenziwa khona isethi ekhethekile yemithetho yokuziphatha etafuleni futhi kwaqala ukulandela izinguquko zokuqala zokuphaka nokuphaka izitsha.

Ngokufika kwama-Samurai, ukusebenza kwetafula kanye nekhono lokudla ngendlela efanele kwaba ubuciko. Ukusebenzisana nabaseYurophu nakho kuye kwabonwa, okuholele ekwethulweni kwezitsha zenyama ezitsheni zasendaweni. Kodwa-ke, izinkolelo ezindala noma ukuzinikela emasikweni kwesinye isikhathi kwakuvama, okungenani lokho kwakuwumbono. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo yezincwadi, kwesinye isikhathi eJapan, iphunga elilodwa lengulube noma lenkomo lingadala ukuquleka.

Yiba noma kunjalo, namuhla ukudla kwaseJapane kubhekwa njengenye yezinto zasendulo, ezihlukahlukene, ezimnandi nezinempilo. Izitsha zakhe eziningi ziye zaqiniswa hhayi kuphela kumamenyu ezindawo zokudlela ezidumile, kodwa nasekudleni kwemindeni ngayinye. Bathi imfihlo yempumelelo yakhe ilele ekukhethweni ngokucophelela kwemikhiqizo, ubuhle bokuphakela izitsha kanye nesimo sengqondo esikhethekile ngokudla ngokujwayelekile.

Izici

Eminyakeni yokuba khona kwayo, kuye kwavela nezici ezihlukile kokudla kwaseJapan:

• Ukuhlukaniswa okuyimpoqo kwesidlo ekuqaleni, maphakathi kanye nasekupheleni, ngenkathi kungekho ukuqokwa okuqinile kwezifundo zokuqala nezesibili zokudla kwaseJapan.
• Isikhathi sonyaka. Bathi abantu bendawo abakuthandi ukusutha, kodwa baneliswa okuncane. Kungakho bakhetha ukupheka izitsha ezahlukahlukene kuphela emikhiqizweni yesizini futhi ngamanani amancane.
• Umbala. Kuleli lizwe bathanda "ukudla ngamehlo abo", ngakho-ke babheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekwakhiweni kwezitsha.
• Uthando lwangempela ngelayisi. Ukukholelwa ezinzuzweni zayo ezihlukile, lokhu okusanhlamvu kudliwa lapha ngenjabulo kathathu ngosuku: njengengxenye yazo zonke izinhlobo zezitsha ngisho neziphuzo ezidakayo (ngenxa).
• Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kokudla kwasolwandle, kufaka phakathi nolwandle. Lapha badla zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, kepha kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abapheki bendawo kumele baye esikoleni esikhethekile ukuthuthukisa amakhono okupheka i-fugu.
• Ukusetshenziswa okungavamile kwenyama kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi ekudleni. I-Yakitori - inkukhu ye-kebab enemifino - iyinto ehlukile ejabulisayo kumthetho.
• Uthando lwangempela ngemifino.

Izindlela zokupheka eziyisisekelo:

Ngenxa yokuthi abapheki bendawo bazama ukushintsha okuncane ngangokunokwenzeka lokho osekuvele kukuhle, azikho izindlela eziningi zendabuko zokupheka ekhiqizweni laseJapan:

Ukudla kwaseJapan akukhulunywa nge-sushi kuphela. Icebile kahle kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezitsha, okwamanje, ivelele ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabo:

USushi Edomae. Umehluko wabo omkhulu usendleleni yokupheka. Zenziwe ngendlela efanayo nangesikhathi se-Edo, ezisukela ku-1603-1868.

Izinhlanzi zeFugu. Inhlanzi efanayo, inqubo yokupheka edinga ukunakekelwa nekhono kumpheki, ngaphandle kwalokho ubuthi abunakugwenywa. Ngokuvamile kuyingxenye yezitsha ezinjenge: sashimi, yaki, karaage. Ngokuthakazelisayo, amaJapane ngokwawo awadli ngaphezu kwezikhathi eziyi-1-2 ngonyaka ngenxa yezindleko zawo eziphakeme.

Kuzhira. Isidlo senyama yomkhomo. Hhayi okujwayelekile ematafuleni endawo, noma kunjalo, kuyathandwa. Kuyiqiniso, ukuze kugwenywe ukungaqondani okubangelwa intukuthelo lapho kubhekwa isibiliboco semenyu, izindawo zokudlela zixwayisa izivakashi ngakho kusengaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesiNgisi.

Wagyu. Inkomo enenani elikhulu lamafutha, elenza libukeke njengemabula. Izitsha ezenziwe ngazo zibiza ngendlela emangalisayo, ngoba akuvamile ukuthi izinkomo zaseKobe ziniselwe ngobhiya bese zibhucungwa ukuze zithole inyama enjalo.

Izithelo ezingavamile namajikijolo. Isibonelo, amakhabe ayisikwele, amakhabe aseYubari, akhuliswa esifundeni esineqhwa elizimele.

Otoro. Isitsha selayisi esenziwe nge-tuna enamafutha emangalisayo encibilika ngokoqobo emlonyeni wakho.

Ikhishi lika Kaiseki. Uhlobo lwenguqulo yaseJapan yokudla okuphekiwe okuneminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 yomlando. Kuyingxenye yokudla okugcwele, inqubo yokulungisa nokubeka izitsha okubhekwa njengobuciko bonke.

Tempura. Isitsha empeleni esivela ePortugal. Ngesinye isikhathi, abantu bendawo babona ukuthi izithunywa zevangeli zasePortugal zazipheka kanjani imifino nge-batter futhi basebenzisa iresiphi ngendlela yabo. Ngokwenguqulo yabo, izinhlanzi namakhowe nakho kuthosiwe ku-batter.

Izimfudu ezinemigqa emithathu. Isitsha senyama yofudu enamafutha, efana nejeli. Ihlonishwa kakhulu ngokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-collagen nezindawo zokwelapha. Lokhu kudla okumnandi kuthiwa kukhulisa i-libido futhi kuthuthukise amandla wesilisa.

Ngokungangabazeki, ukudla kwaseJapan kuyathakazelisa futhi kumnandi. Kepha okubaluleke kakhulu, futhi kuyehluka kakhulu. Ukuqinisekiswa okungcono kakhulu kwalokhu yizidlo eziphezulu ezingavamile ezingadikibalisa abaseYurophu. Into ehlekisayo ukuthi bahlala ndawonye ngempumelelo kanye nemisebenzi yangempela yobuciko bokupheka, futhi kwesinye isikhathi bayathandwa. Phakathi kwazo:

Ukudansa i-octopus. Yize ingaphili, icutshungulwa ngesosi ekhethekile yesoya eyenza ukuthi izintambo zihambe kancane.

UBasashi uyinyama yamahhashi. Isibiliboco sendawo osithandayo, esivame ukukhonzwa singaphekiwe. Kwezinye izindawo zokudlela, izivakashi zinganikezwa ukunambitha izingcezu ezivela ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zesilwane - kusuka kumane, isisu, i-sirloin.

UNatto ubhontshisi wesoya oshelelayo ngokweqile "onesimo" sephunga.

I-Inago-no-tsukudani iyisibiliboco saseJapane esenziwe ngesikhonyane nezinye izinambuzane, sidliwe ngesosi enoshukela enoshukela.

UShirako. Eqinisweni, lesi yisidoda se-shellfish nezinhlanzi, nazo ezisetshenziswa ziluhlaza.

Ngokusekelwe ezintweni zokwakha Izithombe ezinhle kakhulu