I-vena cava engaphansi ingenye yemithambo esemqoka emzimbeni.

Isikhundla. I-vena cava engaphansi itholakala kakhulu esiswini.

Origin. I-vena cava engaphansi ivela ezingeni le-vertebra ye-lumbar yesi-5. Ihambisana nokuhlangana kwemithambo ejwayelekile ye-iliac. (1) (2)

Indlela. I-vena cava engaphansi igijimela phambili kwimizimba ye-vertebral nasemuva kwe-aorta iye kwi-vertebra yokuqala ye-lumbar. Ibuye iqhubeke ikhuphuke, itshekele kwesokudla, bese idlula ngasesakhiweni sediyaphragmatic. (1) (2)

Ukuqedwa. I-vena cava engaphansi iyajoyina futhi iphele ezingeni le-atrium elungile. (1) (2) Kuleli zinga, kwakheka isibambo semisipha, esibizwa nge-valve ye-inferior vena cava noma i-valve ye-Eustachi.

Amagatsha wesibambiso. Amagatsha amaningi wesibambiso avuleka endleleni ye-vena cava (1) (2) engezansi:

• Imithambo yeLumbar. Zakha imithambo yesathelayithi emithanjeni ye-lumbar. Umthambo ngamunye we-lumbar uphela ngemuva kwe-vena cava engezansi.
• Imithambo yezinso. Ukwakha iziqu ezimbili zemithambo yegazi, imithambo ye-renal ivuleka ezindaweni ezisemaceleni ze-vena cava engezansi ezingeni le-vertebra yokuqala ye-lumbar.
• Umthambo wesidoda noma ovarian kwesokudla. Ikhuphuka igudle i-vena cava engaphansi ngaphambi kokuphela ngaphansi kokuvuleka kwemithambo yezinso.
• Umthambo we-adrenal ophakathi nendawo noma we-capsular vein. Ivula ubuso obungemuva besela elingaphansi, phakathi kokuvulwa kwemithambo yezinso nokudlula komgwaqo odilikayo.
• Imithambo ye-hepatic. Imvamisa iba mibili ngesibalo, le mithambo inqamuka ku-vena cava engaphansi kwesithwathwa.
• Imithambo ye-diaphragmatic engezansi. Zivulekela ebusweni bangaphambili be-vena cava engaphansi, ezingeni lendima ehlukanayo.

I-vena cava engaphansi iholela egazini elinobuthi enhliziyweni, futhi ikakhulukazi i-atrium elungile (1) (2).

Isikhukhula. Ebizwa nangokuthi i-venous thrombosis, lesi sifo sihambisana nokwakheka kwegazi, noma i-thrombus, emithanjeni. Lawa mahlule anganyakaza futhi akhuphukele endaweni ephansi ye-vena cava. Le pathology ingaholela ezimeni ezahlukahlukene njengokungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo yegazi. Okokugcina kufana nokungasebenzi kwenethiwekhi ye-venous. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ezingeni le-vena cava engezansi, igazi le-venous bese likhishwa kahle futhi lingathinta ukujikeleza kwegazi lonke (3).

Izicubu. I-Benign noma ebulalayo, izicubu zingakhula ku-vena cava engaphansi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kukhula komdlavuza akuvamile (4) (5).

ukuhlukumezeka. Ngemuva kokushaqeka okunodlame, i-vena cava engaphansi ingahlukumezeka. Lokhu kungaboniswa yi-hypovolaemia, okungukuthi, ukusilela kwegazi. (4)

Ukwelashwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholakele, izidakamizwa ezithile zingabekwa njengama-anticoagulants noma ama-anti-aggregants.

I-Thrombolyse. Isetshenziswa ngesikhathi se-infarction ye-myocardial, lokhu kwelashwa kuqukethe ukuphula i-thrombi, noma amahlule egazi, ngosizo lwezidakamizwa.

Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa. Ngokuya ngesifo esitholakele, ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka.

I-Chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy, i-hormone therapy, ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe. Ngokuya ngohlobo nesigaba sesimila, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingasetshenziswa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. (5)

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuhlola izimpawu ezibonwa yisiguli.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha. Ukuze uqedele noma uqinisekise ukuxilongwa, i-Doppler ultrasound, i-CT scan, noma i-MRI ingenziwa.

Eyaziwa njenge-valve ye-Eustachi, i-valve esezingeni eliphansi ye-vena cava iqanjwe ngegama le-anatomist nodokotela odumile wase-Italy wekhulu le-16, uBartolomeo Eustachi. (6)