I-Hypoplasia

Incazelo jikelele yalesi sifo

Lesi ngesinye sezifo zokukhula lapho isitho sincipha ngosayizi nemisebenzi yaso yehliswa.^[3]… Futhi ngokwezwi nezwi kusuka esiLatini kuhunyushwe ngokuthi “ukungathuthuki noma ukwakheka kabi".

Ukuphazamiseka ekukhuleni kwesitho noma ingxenye yaso kubekwa ngesikhathi sokukhula kwe-intrauterine. Ngakho-ke, uma ingane yazalwa inezicubu nezitho ezivame ukukhula, futhi ukwephulwa kobukhulu bazo kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya lanoma yiziphi izici, khona-ke ukuxilongwa kwe-hypoplasia akwenziwa. Ngaphandle kokuthi lokhu kungukuzalwa okuzelwe, i-hypoplasia ayikwazi ukutholwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isibonelo, i-hypoplasia yezindlala ezincelisayo izovela kuphela ngesikhathi sokuthomba.

I-Hypoplasia ingathinta noma yisiphi isitho, izicubu, noma umzimba wonke. Ukubonakaliswa okwedlulele kwalesi sifo kubhekwa i-aplasia - ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwesitho. Uma lesi sifo sithinte umzimba wonke, sibizwa kanjalo i-microsomia - uhlobo lokuncipha.

Izinhlobo ze-hypoplasia

Njengomthetho, inqubo ye-pathological ithinta izitho ezithile noma ingxenye yazo:

• i-hypoplasia yesibeletho - lokhu ukungathuthuki kwesibeletho, kuyilapho isitho sincipha ngosayizi uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka yobudala. Ama-gynecologists ahlukanisa ama-3 degrees we-uterine hypoplasia. 1 degree ibizwa ukuhluma or umbungu, kubonakala ngeqiniso lokuthi umgodi wesibeletho awakhiwe neze. Ibanga 2 liyabizwa i-infantile, ubude besibeletho sesibeletho bufinyelela ku-5,5 cm. 3 degree ibizwa osemusha isibeletho, kulokhu ubukhulu besibeletho buchezukile kancane kokujwayelekile;
• i-hypoplasia yemithambo ye-vertebral ukuncipha komthambo emgodini wamathambo womgogodla;
• i-hypoplasia yendlala yegilo ebonakala ngeqiniso lokuthi indlala yegilo ayithuthuki kahle futhi incane ngosayizi. Ngenxa yalokhu, indlala ayikwazi ukulawula ngokuphelele izinqubo ze-metabolic;
• i-hypoplasia yamazinyo Kuyinto engafaneleki yentuthuko lapho izicubu zezinyo zihlala zingathuthuki. I-pathology yokungathuthuki kahle kwamazinyo obisi ivame ukutholakala ezinganeni ezinezifo ezingezwani nezinyanga zokuqala zokuphila;
• i-renal hypoplasia iyi-malformation yokuzalwa lapho izinso zincipha ngosayizi, kuyilapho amangqamuzana ezinso enesakhiwo esijwayelekile, egcina imisebenzi yawo, kepha inani lama-nephroni licishe libe uhhafu. I-hypoplasia yezinso eyodwa eseceleni kakhulu, lokhu kungahambi kahle kwenzeka emadodeni amahlandla ama-2 kaningi kunabesifazane;
• i-microcephaly - Lokhu yi-hypoplasia, lapho ubuchopho buthuthukile khona. I-Microcephaly ivame ukuhambisana ne-hypoplasia yemikhawulo nezitho zangaphakathi;
• ithambo hypoplasia kungathinta noma yiliphi ithambo lamathambo;
• i-hypoplasia yenhliziyo ukungathuthuki kahle kwezingxenye zenhliziyo, i-hypoplasia ithinta enye ye-ventricles futhi inhliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa igazi ngokujwayelekile emaphashini nasemzimbeni;
• i-hypoplasia yezindlala ezincelisayo;
• i-ovarian hypoplasia ingahlanganiswa ne-hypoplasia yesibeletho nezinso;
• i-hypoplasia yamasende - isici sokuzalwa lapho isende elilodwa noma womabili engathuthuki kahle. Imvamisa lokhu kungahambi kahle kuhambisana nokungabi namandla, ukungabi nenzalo kwabesilisa, usayizi omncane wepenisi kanye ne-asymmetry yesamba.

Izimbangela ze-hypoplasia

I-Hypoplasia ivela ngenxa yokwephula ukukhula kombungu kwe-intrauterine, okungacasulwa yizici ezahlukahlukene:

1. 1 ukuhlukumezeka kowesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa;
2. 2 ukungahambi kahle;
3. Inani elinganele le-amniotic fluid;
4. 4 ukuphuza nokubhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa;
5. Izinkinga ze-5 ze-neuroendocrine;
6. 6 ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu;
7. Izifo ezithathelwanayo eziyi-7 zidluliselwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa;
8. Ukungajwayelekile kwe-chromosomal 8;
9. Ukungalingani kwe-hormonal 9;
10. I-10 irradiation ngezinto ezinemisebe;
11. 11 i-toxicosis;
12. Izifo eziyi-12 zomgudu wamathumbu kumama okhulelwe;
13. Isifo senhliziyo esibelethwe ngo-13;
14. Ukuhlukumezeka kokuzalwa okungu-14;
15. Ukuzikhandla ngokweqile okungu-15;
16. I-hypovitaminosis engu-16;
17. Ukukhathala kwemizwa okungu-17;
18. Ukondla okungelona olwenziwe.

Izimpawu ze-hypoplasia

Kuya ngesitho kanye nezinga lokungathuthuki kwalo:

• ukungathuthuki koqweqwe lwawo lwamazinyo izibonakalisa njengamabala amhlophe emazinyweni, emigodini, emiseleni, ukungabikho koqweqwe lwawo ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye;
• i-hypoplasia yezinso imvamisa ayinazo izimpawu, imvamisa kunqunywa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound. Izinso ezingathuthuki kahle zivame ukuthinteka yi-pyelonephritis, kulokhu, iziguli zikhononda ngobuhlungu obuzayo esifundeni se-lumbar, ukuqhaqhazela nomkhuhlane;
• ngoba i-hypoplasia yesibeletho ukuqala kokuya esikhathini sekwephuzile kuyisici, ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-16 futhi ngokuzayo kuboniswa umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini ongajwayelekile kanye nobuhlungu obukhulu. Kunezinkinga ngokukhulelwa nokuzala ingane. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-toxicosis enzima nokusebenza okuncane kungenzeka. Ukungathuthuki kwesibeletho kuvame ukuhambisana ne-endometritis kanye ne-cervicitis;
• izimpawu i-hypoplasia yendlala yegilo ingavela ezinyangeni ezi-2-3 zokuphila kwengane. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokungathuthuki kahle kwendlala yegilo yilezi: ukwanda ukozela, ukungasebenzi, ukungaphenduli kwemisindo nokukhanya, ukuqunjelwa, i-jaundice yesikhathi eside yezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa;
• umthambo we-vertebral hypoplasia kubonakala isiyezi paroxysmal, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ikhanda ehlelekile. Lezi zimpawu zicasulwa ukukhubazeka kobuchopho;
• i-hypoplasia yamazinyo kuvezwa ngokushintshwa kombala woqweqwe lwawo, ukungabikho kwawo okuphelele noma okuyingxenye;
• nge i-hypoplasia yobuchopho ukwakheka kwe-convolutions kuyashintsha futhi ubukhulu bobuchopho buyancipha kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-lobes wesikhashana nangaphambili angathuthuki kahle, uzungezo logebhezi luyancipha. Lezi zimpawu zihambisana nokukhubazeka kobuhlakani kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhula komzimba;
• i-hypoplasia yamathambo ogebhezi kuboniswa ngokuguquguquka kwekhanda, umhlathi ongaphezulu noma ophansi uyasuswa, okuholela ekungenweni okungalungile, ukuhoxa nokuhluleka ukuphefumula ngokujwayelekile;
• i-hypoplasia yenhliziyo ebonakala ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-tachycardia, ukuphefumula okuncane nokuphefumula emaphashini.

Izinkinga ze-hypoplasia

1. Izinkinga ezi-1 zokungakhuli kahle kwesibeletho kungaholela ekungazali, ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic kanye nokuthambekela kwezifo ezivuthayo zohlelo lokuzala;
2. 2 uma kwenzeka ukwelashwa kungazelelwe kwe-hypoplasia yomthambo we-vertebral, umbono nokuzwa kwesiguli kungahle kwehle, ukusebenza kwempahla ye-vestibular kungaphazamiseka, i-thrombosis ne-atherosclerosis zingenzeka;
3. Izinkinga ezi-3 zomnkantsha we-hypoplasia, njengomthetho, zivele kwiziguli esezikhulile ngesimo sokuthuthuka kwezifo nokopha okusongela impilo;
4. 4 i-hypoplasia yamaphaphu iholela ekuphefumuleni, i-bronchitis evimbelayo nokwehluleka ukuphefumula;
5. 5 i-hypoplasia yamasende ingadala ukungabi nenzalo kwabesilisa, i-prostatitis nezicubu zamasende;
6. I-6 hypoplasia yamazinyo igcwele ushintsho ekubunjweni kwezinyo nokungathuthuki kwe-dentin, ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo samazinyo singadala ukuthuthuka kwama-caries.

Ukuvimbela i-hypoplasia

• njengokuvimbela i-hypoplasia yemithambo ye-vertebral odokotela bancoma ukunciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwikhompyutha, ukunquma ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukulala kahle nokuhlikihla;
• yokuvikela i-hypoplasia yesibeletho odokotela besifazane beluleka ukuqapha isimo sangemuva se-hormonal yamantombazane, ukwelapha izifo ezithathelwanayo ngesikhathi esifanele, ukunciphisa izimo ezicindezelayo, ukudla kahle nokudla umzimba;
• ukuvimbela i-hypoplasia yamasende kuhilela izivivinyo ezifika ngesikhathi ngudokotela wezifo zabantwana nodokotela we-endocrinologist, kanye nodokotela wezingane;

Indlela eyinhloko yokuvimbela i-hypoplasia ukunciphisa noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi emzimbeni kamama okhulelwe. Owesifazane okhulelwe kufanele athathe amavithamini, adle kahle, ayeke imikhuba emibi futhi asebenzise isikhathi esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka emoyeni omusha.

Ukwelashwa kwe-hypoplasia emithini ejwayelekile

1. Ukwelashwa okungu-1 kokungathuthuki kwesibeletho kuhilela ukuthatha izidakamizwa ze-hormonal, i-massage yabesifazane, izinqubo ze-physiotherapy zizibonakalise kahle;
2. 2 nge-hypoplasia yemithambo ye-vertebral, isiguli sinikezwa imishanguzo ye-vasodilator, kanye nezinciphisi zegazi, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvela kwamahlule ezindaweni zokuncipha kwemithambo yegazi;
3. 3 nge-hypoplasia ye-gland gland, ukwelashwa kwe-hormonal kubonisiwe;
4. I-renal hypoplasia iphathwa ngama-uroleptics, ama-antibiotics, nezidakamizwa ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi. Uma ukwelashwa okulondolozayo kungalethi umphumela omuhle, kanti ezinye izinso ziphilile ngokuphelele, khona-ke kwenziwa i-nephrectomy (izinso ziyasuswa);
5. 5 ene-microcephaly, amakilasi anengcweti yokukhuluma, ukubhucungwa umzimba, ukuvivinya umzimba kanye nokwelashwa emsebenzini kukhonjisiwe;
6. 6 nge-hypoplasia yenhliziyo, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kunconywa.

Qaphela!

Abaphathi abanacala nganoma yimuphi umzamo wokusebenzisa imininingwane oyinikiwe, futhi akuqinisekisi ukuthi ngeke ikulimaze wena uqobo. Izinto zokwakha azinakusetshenziselwa ukunquma ukwelashwa nokwenza ukuxilongwa. Njalo thintana nodokotela wakho onguchwepheshe!