Emazweni athuthukile, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezinqumo ebhizinisini nasekuphathweni komphakathi zenziwa kucatshangelwa i-geodata. U-Yulia Vorontsova, uchwepheshe we-Everpoint, ukhuluma ngezinzuzo "zamaphuzu kumephu" ezimbonini eziningi.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha busivumela ukuthi sihlole kangcono umhlaba osizungezile, futhi emadolobheni amakhulu ngaphandle kolwazi olukhethekile mayelana nenani labantu kanye nezinto ezizungezile sekucishe kube nzima ukwenza ibhizinisi.
Ezamabhizinisi imayelana nabantu. Abantu abazwela kakhulu izinguquko endaweni kanye nomphakathi bangabathengi abakhuthele kakhulu bemikhiqizo emisha. Yibo abangabokuqala ukusebenzisa lawo mathuba, kuhlanganisa nalawo ezobuchwepheshe, isikhathi esisha esishoyo.
Njengomthetho, sizungezwe idolobha elinezinkulungwane zezinto. Ukuzulazula endaweni, akusanele nje ukuqalaza futhi ubambe ngekhanda indawo yezinto. Abasizi bethu akuwona nje amamephu anegama lezinto, kodwa izinsizakalo "ezihlakaniphile" ezibonisa okuseduze, ukubeka imizila, ukuhlunga ulwazi oludingekayo bese ulubeka emashalofini.
Njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili
Kwanele ukukhumbula ukuthi itekisi yayinjani ngaphambi kokufika kwamatilosi. Umgibeli washayela imoto ucingo, futhi umshayeli wafuna ikheli elifanele yedwa. Lokhu kwashintsha inqubo yokulinda ibe ilotho: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imoto izofika ngemizuzu emihlanu noma ngesigamu sehora, akekho owaziyo, ngisho nomshayeli ngokwakhe. Ngokufika kwamamephu "ahlakaniphile" namatilosi, akuyona nje indlela elula yoku-oda itekisi - ngohlelo lokusebenza. Kwavela inkampani eyaba uphawu lwenkathi (sikhuluma, yebo, nge-Uber).
Kungashiwo okufanayo ngezinye izindawo eziningi zebhizinisi nezinqubo zebhizinisi. Ngosizo lwamatilosi kanye nezicelo zabahambi abasebenzisa i-geodata emsebenzini wabo, ukuya emazweni ahlukene bebodwa akubanga nzima kunokufuna ikhefi endaweni eseduze.
Ngaphambilini, iningi labavakashi laliphendukela kubasebenzi bokuvakasha. Namuhla, kulula ngabantu abaningi ukuzithengela ithikithi lendiza, bakhethe ihhotela, bahlele umzila futhi bathenge amathikithi e-inthanethi okuvakashela izindawo ezikhangayo ezidumile.
Kunjani manje
Ngokusho kuka-Nikolay Alekseenko, uMqondisi Jikelele we-Geoproektizyskaniya LLC, emazweni athuthukile, i-70% yezinqumo zebhizinisi nokuphathwa komphakathi zenziwa ngokusekelwe ku-geodata. Ezweni lethu, isibalo siphansi kakhulu, kodwa futhi siyakhula.
Sekuvele kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa izimboni ezimbalwa ezishintsha kakhulu ngaphansi kwethonya le-geodata. Ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwe-geodata kubangela izindawo ezintsha zebhizinisi, njenge-geomarketing. Okokuqala, lokhu yikho konke okuhlobene nokudayisa kanye nomkhakha wenkonzo.
1. Ukuthengisa okusesimweni
Isibonelo, kakade namuhla ungakhetha indawo engcono kakhulu yokuvula ibhizinisi lokudayisa ngokusekelwe kudatha mayelana nezakhamuzi zendawo, mayelana nezimbangi kule ndawo, mayelana nokufinyeleleka kwezokuthutha kanye nezindawo ezinkulu zokuheha abantu (izikhungo zokuthenga, i-metro, njll. .).
Isinyathelo esilandelayo izindlela ezintsha zokuhweba ngeselula. Kungaba kokubili amabhizinisi amancane ngabanye kanye nezikhombisi-ndlela ezintsha zokuthuthukiswa kwezitolo zamaketanga.
Ukwazi ukuthi ukuvimba umgwaqo kuzoholela ekwenyukeni kwabahamba ngezinyawo noma kwezimoto endaweni eseduze, ungavula isitolo esingumahamba nendlwana esinezimpahla ezifanele lapho.
Ngosizo lwe-geodata evela kuma-smartphones, kuyenzeka futhi ukulandelela ushintsho lwesizini emizileni yabantu abayijwayele. Izitolo ezinkulu zomhlaba wonke sezivele zisebenzisa leli thuba.
Ngakho-ke, emathekwini aseTurkey nama-marinas, lapho abahambi ngezikebhe bema khona ebusuku, ungakwazi ukubona izikebhe - izitolo zochungechunge olukhulu lwe-French Carrefour. Imvamisa zivela lapho singekho isitolo ogwini (kuphakathi kokuthi sivaliwe noma sincane kakhulu), futhi inani lezikebhe eziboshiwe, yingakho abangaba abathengi, lanele.
Amanethiwekhi amakhulu aphesheya asevele asebenzisa idatha emayelana namakhasimende asesitolo okwamanje ukuze awenzele isaphulelo ngasinye noma ukuwatshela mayelana namaphromoshini nemikhiqizo emisha. Amathuba we-geomarketing cishe awapheli. Ngayo, ungakwazi:
- landelela indawo yabasebenzisi futhi ubanikeze abebekufuna ngaphambili;
- ukuthuthukisa ukuzulazula komuntu ngamunye ezikhungweni zezitolo;
- khumbula izindawo ezithakaselwayo kumuntu futhi unamathisele imisho kuzo - nokunye okuningi.
Ezweni lethu, isiqondiso sesiqala ukukhula, kodwa angingabazi ukuthi leli yikusasa. ENtshonalanga, kunezinkampani eziningana ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezinjalo, ukuqalisa okunjalo kuheha izigidi zamaRandi zokutshalwa kwezimali. Kungalindeleka ukuthi ama-analogue asekhaya awekho kude.
2. Ukwakhiwa: ukubuka okuphezulu
Imboni yezokwakha elandelanayo manje nayo idinga i-geodata. Isibonelo, indawo yendawo yokuhlala edolobheni elikhulu inquma impumelelo yayo nabathengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yokwakha kumele ibe nengqalasizinda ethuthukisiwe, ukufinyeleleka kwezokuthutha, nokunye. Amasevisi e-Geoinformation angasiza onjiniyela:
- nquma ukwakheka okulinganiselwe kwenani labantu endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi ezayo;
- cabanga izindlela zokungena kuwo;
- thola umhlaba onohlobo oluvunyelwe lokwakha;
- qoqa futhi ahlaziye lonke uhla lwedatha ethile edingekayo lapho kuqoqwa yonke imibhalo edingekayo.
Lokhu kokugcina kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba, ngokusho kwe-Institute for Urban Economics, ngokwesilinganiso, izinsuku ezingu-265 zichithwa kuzo zonke izinqubo zokuklama emkhakheni wokwakhiwa kwezindlu, okuyizinsuku ezingu-144 kuphela ezisetshenziselwa ukuqoqa idatha yokuqala. Isistimu ethuthukisa le nqubo ngokusekelwe ku-geodata ingaba into entsha eyingqopha-mlando.
Ngokwesilinganiso, zonke izinqubo zokuklama izakhiwo zithatha cishe izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye, ezinhlanu zazo zisetshenziselwa kuphela ukuqoqwa kwedatha yokuqala.
3. Logistics: indlela emfushane
Izinhlelo ze-Geoinformation ziwusizo ekudaleni izikhungo zokusabalalisa nezokuthutha. Intengo yephutha ekukhetheni indawo yesikhungo esinjalo iphezulu kakhulu: ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezimali kanye nokuphazamiseka kwezinqubo zebhizinisi zebhizinisi lonke. Ngokwemininingwane engekho emthethweni, cishe u-30% wemikhiqizo yezolimo etshalwa ezweni lethu iyona ngaphambi kokuthi ifinyelele kumthengi. Kungacatshangwa ukuthi izikhungo zelogistics eziphelelwe yisikhathi nezingekho kahle zidlala indima enkulu kulokhu.
Ngokwesiko, kunezindlela ezimbili zokukhetha indawo yazo: eduze kokukhiqiza noma eduze kwemakethe yokuthengisa. Kukhona futhi inketho yesithathu yokuyekethisa - endaweni ethile phakathi.
Kodwa-ke, akwanele ukucabangela kuphela ibanga eliya endaweni yokulethwa, kubalulekile ukulinganisa kusengaphambili izindleko zokuthutha kusuka endaweni ethile, kanye nokufinyeleleka kwezokuthutha (kuze kufike izinga lemigwaqo). Ngezinye izikhathi izinto ezincane zibalulekile, isibonelo, ukuba khona kwethuba eliseduze lokulungisa iloli eliphukile, izindawo zokuphumula abashayeli emgwaqeni omkhulu, njll. Yonke le mingcele kulula ukuyilandela ngosizo lwezinhlelo zolwazi lwendawo, ukukhetha okulungile. indawo yendawo yokugcina impahla yesikhathi esizayo.
4. Amabhange: ukuphepha noma ukugadwa
Ekupheleni konyaka ka-2019, i-Otkritie Bank yamemezela ukuthi isiqala ukwethula uhlelo olusebenza ngezindlela eziningi. Ngokusekelwe ezimisweni zokufunda komshini, izobikezela ivolumu futhi inqume uhlobo lwemisebenzi efunwa kakhulu ehhovisi ngalinye, kanye nokuhlola amaphuzu athembisayo okuvula amagatsha amasha nokubeka ama-ATM.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo uhlelo luzophinde luhlanganyele neklayenti: ncoma amahhovisi nama-ATM ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwe-geodata yeklayenti kanye nomsebenzi walo wokuthengiselana.
Ibhange linikeza lo msebenzi njengesivikelo esengeziwe ekukhohliseni: uma ukusebenza ekhadini leklayenti kwenziwa kusukela endaweni engavamile, uhlelo luzocela ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe kwenkokhelo.
5. Ungayenza kanjani into yokuhamba "ihlakaniphe" kancane
Akekho osebenza ngedatha yendawo ngaphezu kwezinkampani zokuthutha (kungaba abagibeli noma impahla). Futhi yilezi zinkampani ezidinga idatha yakamuva kakhulu. Esikhathini lapho ukuvalwa komgwaqo owodwa kungakhubaza ukuhamba kwedolobha elikhulu, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngokusekelwe kunzwa eyodwa kuphela ye-GPS/GLONASS, namuhla kungenzeka ukuhlonza nokuhlaziya inani lamapharamitha abalulekile:
- ukuminyana emgwaqeni (ukuhlaziywa kwesiminyaminya, izimbangela nezindlela zokuminyana);
- izindlela ezijwayelekile zokudlula isiminyaminya emikhakheni ngayinye yedolobha;
- sesha izindawo ezintsha zezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nempambanomgwaqo engalawulwa kahle;
- ukutholwa kwamaphutha ezikhungweni zengqalasizinda yasemadolobheni. Isibonelo, ngokuqhathanisa idatha yamathrekhi ayizinkulungwane ezingu-2-3 emizila edluliswa amaloli endleleni efanayo phakathi nenyanga, umuntu angakwazi ukubona izinkinga ngomgwaqo. Uma, ngomgwaqo ongenalutho emgwaqeni odlulayo, umshayeli, ehlulela ngethrekhi, ukhetha ukukhetha enye, nakuba ilayishwe kakhulu, ukuhamba, lokhu kufanele kube yindawo yokuqala yokubunjwa nokuhlolwa kwe-hypothesis. Mhlawumbe ezinye izimoto zime zibanzi kakhulu kulo mgwaqo noma imigodi ijule kakhulu, okungcono ukuthi ingaweli kuyo ngisho ijubane eliphansi;
- isikhathi sonyaka;
- ukuncika komthamo wama-oda wenkampani yezokuthutha emvuzweni, isimo sezulu esihle, ikhwalithi yemigwaqo ezindaweni ezithile zokuhlala;
- isimo sobuchwepheshe samayunithi, izingxenye ezisebenzisekayo ezimotweni.
I-German Society for International Cooperation (GIZ) yethule isibikezelo sokuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, abakhiqizi bezinto zokuthutha, njengomkhiqizi wamasondo uMichelin, ngeke bathengise imikhiqizo, kodwa "idatha enkulu" mayelana nemayela langempela lezimoto ngokusekelwe kumasignali akhiqizwayo. ngezinzwa emathayeni ngokwawo.
Isebenza kanjani? Inzwa ithumela isignali esikhungweni sezobuchwepheshe mayelana nokuguga kanye nesidingo sokushintshwa kwamathayi kusenesikhathi, futhi lapho okuthiwa inkontileka ehlakaniphile yenziwa ngokushesha ngomsebenzi ozayo wokushintsha amathayi nokuthengwa kwawo. Kungenxa yale modeli ukuthi amathayi endiza athengiswa namuhla.
Edolobheni, ukuminyana kokugeleza kwethrafikhi kuphakeme, ubude bezigaba bufushane, futhi izici eziningi zithonya ukunyakaza ngokwayo: amarobhothi, ukuhamba kwendlela eyodwa, ukuvalwa kwemigwaqo okusheshayo. Amadolobha amakhulu asevele asebenzisa amasistimu okuphathwa kwethrafikhi ohlobo lwedolobha ahlakaniphile, kodwa ukuqaliswa kwawo akunabala, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni zezinkampani. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olubalulekile noluthembekile ngempela, kudingeka izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
I-Rosavtodor kanye nenani lezinye izinkampani zomphakathi nezizimele sezivele zithuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivumela abashayeli ukuthi bathumele idatha mayelana nemigodi emisha ezinkampanini zomgwaqo ngokuchofoza okukodwa. Lezi zinsiza ezincane ziyisisekelo sokuthuthukisa izinga layo yonke ingqalasizinda yemboni.