Incazelo jikelele yalesi sifo
Leli igazi eliwuketshezi noma elijiyile ngaphakathi komzimba womuntu, eliqongelelwe ngenxa yokuqhuma kwemithambo yegazi.
Izizathu zokubonakala kwama-hematomas
Ngokuyinhloko, ama-hematomas akha ngenxa yokopha kwangaphakathi, okuvula ngenxa yokushaywa, ukulimazeka, ukucindezelwa, ukuchobozwa, noma okunye ukulimala.
Ama-hematomas angakhula ngenxa yezifo ezithile (isibonelo, iMallory-Weiss syndrome, i-hemophilia, i-thrombocytopenia, i-cirrhosis yesibindi, i-lupus).
Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-hematomas nakho kungabangelwa ukuthatha imishanguzo (njenge-anticoagulants kanye ne-aspirin).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, hematomas kungenzeka ngenxa sepsis, indlala futhi ngenxa yokushoda folic acid, amavithamini B12, C kanye K.
Ubunzima nezimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-hematoma
Ngokuya ngobunzima, i-hematoma ingaba mnene, ilinganiselwe futhi ibe nzima.
- Ngezinga elincane, i-hematoma yakha kungakapheli amahora angama-1 ngemuva kokulimala. Endaweni yokulimala, ubuhlungu abubalulekile futhi buthakathaka, akukho ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwezitho, cishe njalo kuyazihambela.
- Ngokuqina kwesifundo, i-hematoma ivela emahoreni angama-2-3 ngemuva kokulimala. Ukuvuvukala okubonakalayo kuvela endaweni ethintekile, ukunyakaza kwesitho kukhawulelwe ngokwengxenye. Ngaphambi kokukhetha indlela yokwelashwa, kungcono ukuthola iseluleko se-traumatologist.
- Ezimweni ezinzima, i-hematoma iqala ukwakhiwa emahoreni amabili okuqala ngemuva kokulimala. Endaweni yokulimala, kuzwakala ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukusebenza kwesitho kunqunyelwe, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ukuvuvukala kohlobo olusakazekayo kuyabonakala. Isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuxhumana nodokotela we-traumatologist ukunquma ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka yini.
Izimpawu ezivamile ze-hematoma
Nge-hematoma etholakala ngaphansi kwesikhumba, kuzo zonke izimo ukuvela kokuvuvukala okuminyene, okuveziwe, okubuhlungu kuyabonakala. Ezigabeni zokuqala zokwakheka kwe-hematoma, isikhumba, endaweni yomonakalo, sithola umbala obomvu, othi kamuva ube nsomi-cyanotic. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu, isikhumba esizeni se-hematoma siba phuzi, futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-3-4 siqala "ukujika sibe luhlaza". Lokhu kuguqulwa kombala kwenzeka ngenxa yokonakala kwe-hemoglobin. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-hematoma ingakwazi "ukwehla" phansi.
Ngenkambo ejwayelekile (ngaphandle kwezinkinga), i-hematoma ixazululwa yodwa. Kepha kungahluka. Ezimweni ezinzima, umgodi uqala ukwakha, oqukethe igazi elibhakiwe. Lo mbobo olinganiselwe awunakuphuma isikhathi eside, uphazamise ukunyakaza okujwayelekile, okujwayelekile futhi kungaholela ekuphazanyisweni emsebenzini wesitho esiseduze.
Futhi, ukutheleleka noma ukunwetshwa kwezicubu ezithambile kungenzeka. Lezi zinqubo zingenzeka ku-hematoma endala futhi entsha.
Nge-hematoma etholakala ebunzimeni bezicubu zomzimba, izimpawu ziyefana ne-hematoma engaphansi. Kepha kukhona umehluko. Lapho kulimala imisipha ejulile, emikhulu, ukuvuvukala kuzwakala kunzima kakhulu, ayikho i-edema yendawo ecacile, kepha kukhona ukwanda okunamandla kwevolumu yomlenze.
Izinhlobo ze-hematomas
Ama-hematomas ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana.
Kuya ngendawo kungaba khona i-submucosal, subcutaneous, intermuscular, subfascial hematomas. Zingabuye zitholakale ebuchosheni nasekuqineni kwezindonga zezitho zangaphakathi.
Kuya ngokuthi ngabe wena buyini ubuhlobo bakhe nomkhumbi: Ama-hematomas angadonsa futhi angashisi.
Kuya ngesimo segazi endaweni yokulimala: ama-hematomas angahlanjeki (ama-hematomas amasha), ama-hematomas aqubekile, futhi ahlaselwe.
Kuya ngokubonakala komtholampilo Ama-hematomas afakwe ngaphakathi, asakazeka, alinganiselwe.
Ukuhlukaniswa okuhlukile kufaka phakathi hematomas intracranial kanye hematomas ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (i-retrochial).
I-hematomas ye-Intracranial: ukuhlukaniswa, izimpawu nezimbangela zentuthuko
Ngokuya ngendawo yama-hematomas ngaphakathi kogebhezi, angaba yi-epidural, intracerebral, intraventricular kanye subdural.
Ake sicabangele ngayinye yazo.
Ukulinyazwa kwe-Epidural etholakala phakathi kogebhezi nokuhlala isikhathi eside kobuchopho, kwakheka ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwemikhumbi emincane nemithambo noma ngenxa yokulimala komthambo we-meningeal ophakathi. Ezimweni eziningi, ahlanganiswe nemifantu emincane, ukuphuka okucindezelekile kwamathambo ogebhezi futhi akhiwa esifundeni sesikhashana noma separietali.
Lolu hlobo lwe-hematoma olungasebenzi lukhula ngokushesha, kepha kunesikhawu sokukhanya (kusuka emahoreni amaningana kuye emahoreni angama-24). Isisulu siphathwa yikhanda elibuhlungu, ukozela nokudideka. Uma kungekho ukwelashwa okudingekayo, khona-ke isiguli singawela ku-coma. Ezimweni ezingavamile, isiguli sihlala sazi. Ngasohlangothini lokulimala, isisulu sinomfundi ovulekile (sikhulu ngokuphindwe kaningana kunomfundi ohlangothini oluphilile). Ngokuthuthuka okuthuthukile kwe-hematoma, kungaqala ukuquleka kwesithuthwane futhi kukhule ukukhubazeka.
Uma i-epidural hematoma ihlanganiswa nokuqhekeka kwethambo esifundeni sesikhashana noma separietali, ukuphuma kwegazi kuzicubu ezithambile kungaqala. Kulokhu, isiguli siqala ukuvuvukala ebunzini, ethempelini, kumqhele nakule fossa yesikhashana.
Ngokuqondene nezingane, inkambo yazo yalesi sifo ihlukile. Izingane zilahlekelwa ukwazi kaningi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlukumezeka. I-edema ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, yingakho igebe lokukhanya lingabonakali. Uma ngemuva komthelela ingane ilahlekelwe ukwazi, ibuye ilahleke nangaphambi kokuqoqwa kwegazi elikhulu esikhaleni se-epidural.
Ama-hematomas angaphansi kubeka ingozi enkulu empilweni, ukufa ngenxa yokulimala okunjalo kwenzeka kuma-65-70% wabo bonke abahlukumezekile.
Bathatha amafomu ama-3.
- Ifomu elifanele: isikhathi sokukhanya sincane kakhulu (sihlala okungenani amahora ambalwa, ubuningi - usuku).
- Isifundo se-Subacute - izimpawu zokuqala ze-hematoma zivela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-3-4.
- Ifomu elingapheli liyisikhathi sokukhanya eside kakhulu (singabonwa izinsuku eziyi-14 noma ngisho nezinyanga ezimbalwa).
I-hematoma engaphansi kwesizinda ibangelwa ukuqhuma komthambo noma umthambo endaweni yokulimala.
Ukubonakaliswa kungahluka kakhulu. Konke kuya ngobudala, indawo nobukhulu bokulimala. Ezinganeni ezincane, ikhanda liyakhula ngosayizi. Intsha inekhanda elibuhlungu, elenzeka ngokwanda. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, izisulu zizizwa zigula, zihlanza futhi zidlikizela, kungaqhamuka isithuthwane. Umfundi, ohlangothini lomonakalo, akahlali ekhula njalo. Ezigulini esezigugile, isici se-subacute senkambo siyisici.
Futhi, ngama-hematomas angaphansi, izimpawu ze-meningeal ziyabonakala. Izimpawu zokucasuka kolwelwesi lobuchopho yi-paresis, ukukhubazeka. Umsebenzi wokuphefumula nokugwinya kungenzeka ukhubazeke, ukukhubazeka kolimi kungenzeka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isiqu sobuchopho sicindezelwe.
I-hematoma ye-Intracerebral kwenzeka ngokungavamile, kuphela ekulimaleni okubi kakhulu kobuchopho. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hematoma kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, igebe lokukhanya kungenzeka alikho noma lifushane kakhulu. Isiguli siba ne-hemiplegia (ukunganyakazi okuphelele kwezitho zombili ngakwesokudla noma ngakwesobunxele) noma i-hemiparesis (ingcebo ethambile noma emnene yezitho ohlangothini olulodwa), kwesinye isikhathi kungahle kube nesifo sokuxhuzula noma izimpawu ze-extrapyramidal kungenzeka (ukundindizela, ukuhamba kancane , ukuqina kwemisipha nokuqina, ukuvuza amathe, ubuso obuyisimo se "mask", ubunzima bokuhamba, ukujika).
I-hematomas yangaphakathi, Njenge-hematomas ye-intracerebral, ayivamile ngokweqile futhi yenzeka ngokuhlangana nokuhlukumezeka okukhulu kwekhanda. Ngenxa yesimo esibi sesiguli, kunzima kakhulu ukwenza konke ukuxilongwa kwelabhorethri, futhi ukubikezelwa kwesisulu kuhlale kungathandeki: kukhona ukuphazamiseka kokwazi, ukwanda okukhulu kwengcindezi yegazi nokushisa komzimba, isigqi sokuphefumula kuyaphazamiseka futhi nenani lokuncipha kwenhliziyo liyancipha.
Ama-hematomas ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
I-hematoma evuselelayo - ihlule legazi esibelethweni, elivela ngenxa yokulimala kwemithambo yegazi. Kuyingozi kakhulu, kungavusa isisu. I-hematoma enkulu empeleni iyisixuku seqanda. Uma indawo ethintekile ilingana noma ngaphezulu kuka-40%, khona-ke amathuba okukhulelwa kwesisu aba phezulu kakhulu. Uma i-hematoma incane, khona-ke ngokwelashwa okufanele, ayithinti nganoma iyiphi indlela umsoco nokuthuthuka kombungu.
Izizathu zokuthuthukiswa kwe-hematoma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ingahluka kakhulu: ukwehluleka kwe-hormonal, ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile, ukucindezeleka, izinqubo ezingapheli zokuvuvukala, ifa.
Izimpawu ze-hematoma ye-retrochiral: ukukhishwa kwesitho sangasese okunegazi noma okunsundu, okudonsa ubuhlungu bohlobo esiswini esingezansi. Uma ukukhishwa kukhula futhi umbala ukhanya, i-hematoma iyanda ngosayizi.
Imikhiqizo ewusizo ye-hematoma
Ukuze uvimbele ukuthuthukiswa nokuxinana kwe-hematoma, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamzimba zingena emzimbeni wesiguli (ikakhulukazi amavithamini K, C, B12 ne-folic acid). Ukushoda kwalezi kungaholela ezinkingeni zokopha, ezingadala ukopha okulandelayo. Lokhu kuzosibhebhethekisa lesi simo - ukugeleza kwegazi okusha kuzofika e-hematoma, ngenxa yalokho kuzokwakhiwa ihlwili elisha.
Ukugcwalisa zonke izakhi ekudleni kwesisulu, kuyadingeka ukufaka imifino, okusanhlamvu, izithelo namajikijolo, imikhiqizo yobisi, okusanhlamvu, inhlanzi (kungcono ukudla umfula kunezinhlanzi zasolwandle ezinamafutha), inyama (okungcono yenziwe ekhaya futhi okungcono izinkukhu).
Imithi yendabuko ye-hematoma
Akekho onomshwalense wokulimala, okuncinwe, ukulimala nokulimala, ngakho-ke uma lokhu kwenzeka, usizo lokuqala kufanele lunikezwe. Lezi zindlela zizosiza ekunciphiseni izinhlungu, zivimbele ukuvuvukala nokungasebenzi kwemilenze.
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iqhwa endaweni eyonakele noma ukufaka i-compress ebandayo imizuzu eyi-15-20. Udinga ukuphinda inqubo kathathu ngosuku. Iqhwa lizosiza ukuqeda ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu.
Ezinsukwini ezimbili zokuqala ngemuva kokulimala, akuvunyelwe nakancane ukugeza okushisayo, ukubeka izingcindezi ezishisayo, ukuvakashela i-sauna nokugeza, uphuze iziphuzo ezidakayo. Konke lokhu kungathola ukuvuvukala.
Ngosuku lwesi-5-6 ngemuva kokulimala, izingcindezi ezifudumele zingafakwa esikhundleni se-hematoma ukubuyisela ukuguquguquka. Lokhu kuvunyelwe kuphela uma ukuvuvukala kudlulile! Uma kungenjalo, ukucindezela okunjalo nanoma yikuphi ukunyakaza kwe-massage akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele.
Futhi, ukuze unciphise ukuvuvukala, ungafaka ibhandeshi endaweni elimele noma uyibuyisele emuva ngebhande lokunwebeka. Azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngaphezu kwamahora angama-48. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kukhona ukuba ndikindiki, ukuhayiza, ubuhlungu obukhulu nokuvuvukala, ibhandishi kufanele likhululwe.
Indawo eyonakele kufanele igcinwe iphakeme kunolayini wenhliziyo (lokhu kuzosiza ukwenza ukuphuma kwegazi, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukuvela kokuvuvukala okwengeziwe).
Ababhemayo, okungenani isikhathi sokwelashwa, badinga ukuyeka lo mkhuba. Ukubhema kunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi futhi kubambezela ukulungiswa kwamangqamuzana aqhekekile nemithambo yegazi, okubuye kubambezele ukuphulukiswa kwe-hematoma.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zincomo, ungazisebenzisa futhi kufanele uzisebenzise izindlela zemithi yendabuko.
Emithini yendabuko, cishe zonke izindlela zokupheka zisetshenziswa ngaphandle. Ngokuyinhloko, ama-hematomas aphathwa nge-compresses, lotions kanye nokusetshenziswa.
- I-Arnica, i-witch hazel, amaqabunga amaklabishi amasha, i-gruel evela ku-anyanisi oqoshiwe noma amazambane, i-puree yebhontshisi ingasetshenziswa kwi-hematoma.
- Ngama-hematomas amancane, udinga ukwenza i-compress ye-vodka (indwangu ye-gauze ifakwe i-vodka, ifakwe ku-hematoma, ihlanganiswe nge-polyethylene futhi ishiywe ubusuku bonke). Futhi, ungenza i-compress kusuka ku-vodka noviniga (thatha uhhafu wengilazi yevodka nenani elifanayo leviniga, engeza amalitha ayi-0,5 wamanzi abilisiwe afriziwe, cwilisa indwangu elula ngesixazululo esivele bese uyinamathisela endaweni elimele ).
- Nsuku zonke udinga ukwenza izicelo ze-gruel eyenziwe ngejusi elimnyama le-radish ne-mustard powder. Ngale nhlanganisela, udinga ukusabalalisa i-hematoma bese uyigcina uze ube nokubekezela okwanele. Le gruel ifudumeza i-hematoma kahle, isiza ukuhlinzeka ukunyakaza esigulini nokususa ukungakwazi ukuhamba.
- Ngama-hematomas, i-compress kasawoti iyasiza ngempumelelo. Ukuze uyilungiselele, udinga ukuvusa izipuni ezi-2 kumamililitha ayi-100 wamanzi afudumele, cwilisa indwangu eyenziwe ngezinto ezilula ngalesi sixazululo sosawoti, unamathisele ku-hematoma bese uyibuyisela emuva ngebhandeshi elicikekile kusuka phezulu.
- Uma kwenzeka kukhishwa ama-hematomas amadala, ukusetshenziswa kobumba kusiza kahle. Futhi akunandaba ukuthi kuzoba umbala muni nokuthi uwuthola kuphi. I-applique yenziwa ngezendlalelo. Okokuqala, indawo eyonakalisiwe imbozwe isiqeshana se-cellophane, bese kufakwa kuyo ubumba. Ingaphezulu lobumba lusongwe ngendwangu kakotini. Udinga ukugcina le compress okungenani amahora amabili. Ubumba lungasetshenziswa futhi, vele ulikhiphe ngaphambi kokulisebenzisa futhi.
- Ukudambisa izinhlungu nokuvuselelwa okusheshayo kwe-hematoma, kufanele igcotshiswe ngamafutha enziwe ngomhlonyane, uju namafutha we-castor (umhlonyane kufanele ukhuhlwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi). Amafutha abangelwa kufanele asatshalaliswe phezu kwe-hematoma futhi ahlanze imizuzu eyi-15 ngemuva kokufaka isicelo. Amafutha kufanele asetshenziswe izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku kuze kudlule i-hematoma.
- Kukhona ikhambi lesintu elisebenzisa umchamo walo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga ukuqoqa umchamo ojwayelekile (okusho ukuthi uchame kuqala kancane, bese uqala ukuqoqa umchamo). Cwilisa isicubu esilula emchameni oqoqiwe bese ufaka endaweni ebuhlungu, faka isikhwama sepulasitiki ngaphezulu bese usibuyisela emuva ngesikhafu esifudumele. Le compress kufanele ishiywe ubusuku bonke. Emini, ungasebenzisa ezinye izindlela ezichazwe ngenhla.
Ngama-hematomas, ungathatha ngaphakathi kwe-decoctions ye-burdock, i-calendula, i-oki bark, i-plantain, iSt John's wort, i-chamomile. Lawa makhambi azosiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokubulala ukutheleleka.
Kubalulekile! Sonke isikhathi ngemuva kokulimala kuyadingeka ukuqapha i-hematoma eyakhiwe (ngosayizi wayo, umbala, ukuvuvukala). Kubalulekile ukuthi ubonane nodokotela we-traumatologist uma: kudlule amasonto ama-4 futhi i-hematoma ayikaxazululeki, uma ukuvuvukala kungapheli futhi kuvela izimpawu zokutheleleka, uma kunezimpawu ezintsha ezingeziwe noma izimpawu zangaphambili ziyaqina.
Imikhiqizo eyingozi futhi eyingozi ene-hematoma
- amafutha enhlanzi;
- imajarini kanye khekhe ukhilimu;
- ujinja, igalikhi;
- ukudla okuqukethe uvithamini E (ama-alimondi, ama-pistachios, ama-cashews, ama-rose hips, i-sea buckthorn, izinhlanzi zasolwandle, isipinashi, umlimi kanye nama-apricot omisiwe, i-sorrel, ibhali);
- ukudla okusheshayo, ukudla okusheshayo, imikhiqizo eseqediwe, izithasiselo zokudla (amadayi, izithuthukisi zokunambitha nokuhogela);
- utshwala neziphuzo ezinoshukela, iziphuzo zamandla.
Konke lokhu kudla kuthinta ukwakheka kwegazi futhi kungakhuphula ukwakheka kwemivimbo. Kufanele futhi wenqabe ukuthatha izithasiselo zokudla nezithako zokudla eziqukethe uvithamini E, uwoyela wezinhlanzi, ugarlic, ujinja, amantongomane, amakhambi kanye nezithelo zokwelapha ezichazwe ngenhla.
Qaphela!
Abaphathi abanacala nganoma yimuphi umzamo wokusebenzisa imininingwane oyinikiwe, futhi akuqinisekisi ukuthi ngeke ikulimaze wena uqobo. Izinto zokwakha azinakusetshenziselwa ukunquma ukwelashwa nokwenza ukuxilongwa. Njalo thintana nodokotela wakho onguchwepheshe!