Okuqukethwe
- Yini i-flatfoot
- Odinga ukukwazi mayelana nezinyawo eziyisicaba
- Izimbangela zezinyawo eziyisicaba kubantu abadala
- Izimpawu zezinyawo eziyisicaba kubantu abadala
- Amadigri ezinyawo eziyisicaba kubantu abadala
- Izinhlobo zezinyawo eziyisicaba kubantu abadala
- Ukwelashwa kwezinyawo eziyisicaba kubantu abadala
- Ukuvimbela izinyawo eziyisicaba kubantu abadala ekhaya
- Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile
Abantu bangathatha izinyathelo ezifika kwezingu-20 ngosuku. Imvelo yenza isiqiniseko sokuthi imilenze ingakwazi ukumelana nomthwalo omkhulu kangaka, futhi yabanika izakhiwo ezikhethekile. Amathambo onyawo ahlelwa ngendlela yokuthi enze ama-arches amabili: i-longitudinal ne-transverse. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa uhlobo lwe-arch, okuyi-shock absorber yemilenze yomuntu, ukusabalalisa umthwalo lapho uhamba. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi le-arch iyancipha noma iphele ngokuphelele futhi unyawo luthintana ngokugcwele nobuso. Lokhu kuholela ekulimaleni okukhulu emathanjeni nasemalungeni.
Izinyawo eziyisicaba ngokwezinga elithile zibhekwa njengejwayelekile ezinganeni ezincane, njengoba zisakhula, futhi amathambo avele akha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu abadala bavame ukutholakala nezinyawo eziyisicaba uma befika benezikhalo zobuhlungu emilenzeni.
Izinkinga ezinyaweni ezinezinyawo eziyisicaba zivame ukubonakala ngisho nangeso lenyama. Lokhu ukugoba kwezinzwane, iqhubu kuzwane olukhulu, unyawo olubanzi, ummbila nama-calluses.
Yini i-flatfoot
Izinyawo eziyisicaba ziyi-deformity yonyawo, okuholela ekwephuleni umsebenzi wayo wokunciphisa, kuchaza i-traumatologist, udokotela wamathambo u-Aslan Imamov. - Ngezinyawo eziyisicaba, ukwakheka kwe-arch evamile yonyawo kuyashintsha, kokubili i-longitudinal - eduze konqenqema lwangaphakathi lonyawo, kanye nokuphambana - eduze komugqa wesisekelo seminwe. Lesi simo singaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Odinga ukukwazi mayelana nezinyawo eziyisicaba
| Izimbangela | ubuthakathaka emisipha yezinyawo, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, izicathulo ezingakhululekile, ukulimala, ama-rickets noma uvendle |
| Izimpawu | ukukhathala nobuhlungu emilenzeni, ukungakwazi ukugqoka izithende noma ukunyathela ngaphakathi, ukungakhululeki lapho uhamba |
| Ukwelashwa | ama-insoles amathambo, ama-gymnastics ezinyawo, ukwenqaba izithende, imithi, ukuhlinzwa |
| Prevention | ukuzivocavoca kwezinyawo, izicathulo ezifanele, ukugcinwa kwesisindo |
Izimbangela zezinyawo eziyisicaba kubantu abadala
Ikhothamo lonyawo lomuntu lakhiwe ngamathambo, imigqa, nemisipha. Ngokuvamile, imisipha nemigqa kufanele iqine ngokwanele ukusekela amathambo. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ziba buthaka, bese izinyawo eziyisicaba ziyakhula. Njengomthetho, lesi simo sakhiwe ebuntwaneni nasebusheni futhi siqinisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinyawo ezinjalo eziyisicaba zibizwa ngokuthi i-static, futhi zenza ngaphezu kwama-82% azo zonke izimo.
Izimbangela zezinyawo eziyisicaba:
- umthwalo onganele emilenzeni kanye nendlela yokuphila yokuhlala;
- ubuthakathaka bokuzalwa kwemigqa;
- ukucindezeleka ngokweqile emilenzeni ngenxa yesisindo esiningi, umsebenzi omile noma izicathulo ezingakhululekile nezithende eziphakeme;
- ukulimala kwezingane kanye nezifo (ukuphuka, ukukhubazeka noma ama-rickets ebuntwaneni);
- i-hereditary predisposition (i-arch yonyawo yakhiwe ngokungalungile esibelethweni, kwenzeka ku-3% yamacala).
Izimpawu zezinyawo eziyisicaba kubantu abadala
Izimpawu zezinyawo eziyisicaba zincike ohlotsheni kanye nesigaba sesifo. Okuvame kakhulu ukuthi:
- ukukhathala, ubuhlungu kanye nobunzima emilenzeni nasezinyaweni lapho umile, uhamba noma ngasekupheleni kosuku;
- amajaqamba nokuvuvukala emaqakaleni nasemilenzeni;
- abesifazane abakwazi ukugqoka izithende eziphakeme;
- ukushintsha usayizi womlenze
- ubunzima ngokukhethwa kwezicathulo;
- ukunyathela isithende ngaphakathi;
- ukungakhululeki lapho uhamba.
Amadigri ezinyawo eziyisicaba kubantu abadala
Ngayinye yezinhlobo zezinyawo eziyisicaba inezici zayo, ngakho-ke, odokotela bavame ukucabangela izinga lokuguquguquka ekubukeni kwe-longitudinal kanye ne-transverse ngokwehlukana.
Ngokuya ngobunzima be-pathology, odokotela bamathambo bahlukanisa amadigri angu-IV ezinyawo eziyisicaba:
| I degree | imnene, cishe i-asymptomatic, ukukhathala nobuhlungu emilenzeni ngezinye izikhathi ekupheleni kosuku; ilungiswe kalula |
| II degree | umuntu uzwa izinhlungu ezihlukile ezinyaweni, emaqakaleni nasematholeni, ukuvuvukala nokuqina emilenzeni ekupheleni kosuku, izinguquko endleleni yokuhamba zingenzeka, futhi ukukhubazeka kwezinyawo sekuvele kubonakale ngaphandle. |
| III degree | ukukhubazeka okunzima konyawo - cishe akukho "i-arch", ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo engxenyeni engezansi yemilenze, emadolweni, emalungeni e-hip kanye nomhlane ophansi. Ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, okulandelayo kungathuthuka: ukugoba komgogodla, i-arthrosis ne-osteochondrosis, i-disc herniation kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. Ukubonakala kwe-crunch emadolweni kusho ukuthi amalunga aseqalile ukuwa. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, lesi sigaba singaholela ekukhubazekeni. |
| IV degree | ukuphenduka kwe-sole ngaphakathi, ubuhlungu obukhulu, kunzima ukuthi umuntu anyakaze, wonke uhlaka lwamathambo lungakhubazeka. |
Izinhlobo zezinyawo eziyisicaba kubantu abadala
Kuye ngokuthi i-arch of foot has been deformation, izinyawo eziyisicaba zingaba yi-longitudinal noma i-transverse, kanye ne-fixed and non-fixed.
Izinyawo eziyisicaba ze-Longitudinal
I-arch yangaphakathi ye-longitudinal yonyawo ikhubazekile, ngenxa yalokho, unyawo lonyawo cishe luthintana ngokuphelele nobuso, futhi ubude bonyawo buyanda. Ngezinga eliqinile, ukuvinjelwa kwemilenze kanye nesakhiwo esimise okwe-X semilenze singathuthuka. Ukukhathala nobuhlungu emilenzeni kuzwakala ngisho nokuthuthukiswa okulinganiselwe kwesifo.
Uma, ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwe-arch longitudinal, ukuvinjelwa kwenzeka ngaphakathi ngokuphambuka kusuka ku-axis ephakathi, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-flat-valgus foot.
Lolu hlobo lwezinyawo eziyisicaba kungenzeka ukuthi:
- abantu abadala;
- abasubathi;
- abalungisi bezinwele nabadwebi;
- abesifazane abakhulelwe;
- abalandeli bezithende eziphakeme;
- abantu abahlezi futhi abakhuluphele;
- abantu ngemva kokulimala emlenzeni.
Izinyawo eziyisicaba eziphambanayo
Ingaphambili likhubazekile futhi uzwane olukhulu luphambukela ohlangothini lwalo olungaphandle. Lokhu kuholela ekuncipheni kwe-arch transverse. Iziguli zithuthukisa ama-calluses nama-corns ematheni, unyawo luyancipha. Ngaphezu kwesithupha, umunwe wesibili nowesithathu nawo ukhubazekile. Ngaphandle, zibukeka zigobile, futhi ukugoba kuyanda njengoba amaqhubu ephuma esithupheni - ithambo le-valgus.
Ngenxa yoshintsho kumaphuzu okubamba ihange, unyawo luba banzi futhi kuba nzima ukuthi abantu bafake izicathulo. Iziguli nazo zikhala ngobuhlungu phansi kweminwe. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lwezinyawo eziyisicaba lwenzeka kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-35 - 50 iminyaka.
Izinyawo eziyisicaba ezigxilile
I-degree of deformation ye-arch enomthwalo onyaweni ayishintshi.
Izinyawo eziyisicaba ezingagxilile
Ngokunyuka komthwalo onyaweni, ukuphakama kwama-arches awo kuncipha.
Ukwelashwa kwezinyawo eziyisicaba kubantu abadala
Ukusebenza kokwelashwa kwezinyawo eziyisicaba kuncike eminyakeni yobudala kanye nezinga lokukhubazeka konyawo lomuntu. Lapho isiguli sisesincane, izibikezelo zaso ziba nethemba ngokwengeziwe. Esigabeni sokuqala, imiphumela engcono kakhulu ibonakala ezigulini ezincane nezincane. Ukuqinisa imisipha yonyawo, ukusikhipha umzimba, ukuvivinya umzimba zokwelapha, ama-insoles amathambo kanye nama-leg liners anqunyiwe.
Kungenzeka ukufeza umphumela othile ekwelapheni nge-II degree yezinyawo eziyisicaba, noma kunjalo, isikhathi esiningi nomzamo uzodingeka.
Ukwelashwa kwe-III degree yezinyawo eziyisicaba kuyancishiswa ukuze kumise ukuqhubeka kwesifo nokukhulula isifo sobuhlungu.
Diagnostics
Ukuba khona kanye nezinga lezinyawo eziyisicaba kunqunywa yi-traumatologist-orthopedist. Ukuxilongwa, ngokuvamile basebenzisa:
- i-plantography - ukuba khona kwezinyawo eziyisicaba kunqunywa ukuphrinta kwesisekelo sonyawo, okwenziwe ku-plantograph;
- I-X-ray yonyawo - le ndlela yocwaningo isiza ukusungula ukuxilongwa kanye nezinga lezinyawo eziyisicaba.
Ngokuvamile kudingeka ama-x-ray. Kodwa udokotela akathembeli kuye kuphela, kodwa esithombeni esiphelele, njengoba unyawo luyisimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi, sigcizelela uDkt Imamov.
Ukwelashwa kwesimanje
- Uma i-flatfoot eguquguqukayo iya ku-II-III degree ngokukhubazeka okukhulu kweminwe, ukulungiswa kokuhlinzwa kuyadingeka. Kodwa lezi zinqubo ziqeda kuphela imiphumela, kodwa ungalwi nezimbangela - imisipha eyinkinga nemigqa. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuhlinzwa, udinga njalo ukugqoka izicathulo ezinama-insoles akhethekile noma ama-insoles, kusho udokotela ohlinzayo wamathambo u-Aslan Imamov.
Ngezinyawo eziyisicaba ze-longitudinal, ngincoma: ukuhamba ngendlela efanele, ukuhamba ungagqokanga zicathulo kaningi kumatshe nesihlabathi noma kumata wokubhucunga, wehlise njalo imisipha yonyawo bese ugingqika ngezikhathi ezithile uye emaphethelweni angaphandle onyawo, ukubhucungwa, ukuvivinya umzimba kanye nokwelapha umzimba.
Ngonyawo olushiwo oluyisicaba, ama-insoles e-orthopedic kanye nezicathulo ezenziwe ngabanye kufanele zigqokwe.
Ngokukhubazeka okuncane, kwanele ukugqoka ama-insoles e-orthopedic ngamanye, ukwenza i-massage kanye nokuzivocavoca kwezinyawo. I-Physiotherapy, ukubhukuda, ukugeza okufudumele ngosawoti olwandle kanye nemithi nakho kunikeza umphumela.
Ukuvimbela izinyawo eziyisicaba kubantu abadala ekhaya
Ukuze ugweme izinyawo eziyisicaba, udinga ukuqinisa imisipha nemigqa yezinyawo, ngakho-ke enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuvimbela imfundo yomzimba nokuzivocavoca. Ezinye zazo zingenziwa kokubili ekhaya nakudeskithophu, lezi yizi:
- ukuhamba ngezinzwane, izithende kanye nezinhlangothi zangaphakathi nangaphandle zezinyawo, izinzwane zifakwe futhi ziphakanyiswe;
- Ukugingqa ibhola nebhodlela lamanzi ngaphandle kwezicathulo;
- ukucosha izinto ezincane ngezinzwane;
- ukugoqa kusuka kumasokisi kuya ezithendeni;
- ukujikeleza kwezinyawo ngezindlela ezihlukene, ukuqamba amanga noma ukuhlala.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile
Sabuza imibuzo mayelana nezinyawo eziyisicaba udokotela wamathambo u-Aslan Imamov.