Okuqukethwe
I-Tunas iyiqembu elikhulu labameleli be-ichthyofauna, abakha izizukulwane eziningana emndenini we-mackerel. Ama-tuna ahlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-15 zezinhlanzi. Ama-tuna amaningi anomzimba onamandla omise okwe-spindle njengawo wonke ama-mackerel, i-peduncle emincane kakhulu ye-caudal, umsila omise okwesikela kanye namaphiko, izimbotshana zesikhumba emaceleni. Ukuma nokwakheka komzimba kunikeza izilwane ezidla ezinye ezisheshayo kuyo yonke i-tuna. I-Yellowfin tuna ingafinyelela isivinini esingaphezu kuka-75 km/h. Ama-tunas angolunye lwezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinhlanzi ezingagcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo lingaphezudlwana kwezinga lokushisa lendawo. Izinhlanzi ze-pelargic ezisebenzayo, lapho zifuna ukudla, zingahamba amabanga amade. Yonke i-physiology ye-tuna ingaphansi kokunyakaza kwesivinini esikhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukwakheka kwesimiso sokuphefumula nokujikeleza kwegazi kuhlelwa ngendlela yokuthi izinhlanzi kufanele zihlale zinyakaza. Ubukhulu bezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlanzi bungahluka kakhulu. I-mackerel tuna encane, ehlala cishe kuwo wonke amanzi olwandle olufudumele, ikhula ngokulambisa ngaphezu kuka-5 kg. Izinhlobo ezincane ze-tuna ngokuqhathaniswa (isibonelo, i-Atlantic) zithola isisindo esingaphezu kwama-20 kg. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubukhulu besayizi ye-tuna evamile yabhalwa cishe ku-684 kg nobude obuyi-4.6 m. Phakathi kwezinhlanzi zasezindaweni ezishisayo, i-marlin ne-swordfish kuphela engatholakala emikhulu kunayo. Izinhlobo ezincane nezinhlanzi ezincane zihlala emihlambini emikhulu, abantu abakhulu bakhetha ukuzingela ngamaqembu amancane noma bebodwa. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-tuna kuqukethe ama-invertebrates amancane ama-pelargic nama-mollusk, kanye nezinhlanzi ezincane. Ama-tunas abaluleke kakhulu kwezohwebo; emazweni amaningi asogwini, izinhlanzi zifuywa njengezilwane zasemanzini. Ngenxa yezilwane ezidla ezinye, ezinye izinhlobo ze-tuna zisengozini. Ukudoba i-tuna kunezithibelo eziningi, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola isilinganiso sokubamba kanye nezinhlobo ezivunyelwe zezinhlanzi esifundeni lapho uzodoba khona.
Izindlela zokudoba
Ukudoba ezimbonini kwenziwa ngezindlela eziningi, kusukela emathaleni amanethi kanye nolayini abade kuya ezindongeni ezijwayelekile zokudoba. Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu yokubamba i-tuna enkulu uku-trolling. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babamba i-tuna ngokuphotha "i-cast", "i-plumb" nangosizo lwezinyosi zemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-tuna ingahehwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, isibonelo, ngosizo lwama-bubbles emoyeni. Kulokhu, izikebhe zifakwe amayunithi akhethekile. I-tuna ikholelwa ukuthi lawa amaqoqo okuthosa futhi iza eduze nomkhumbi, lapho ibanjwa khona kuma-spinner.
Ukudoba i-tuna ngama-trolling
I-tunas, kanye ne-swordfish ne-marlin, ibhekwa njengabaphikisi abafiseleka kakhulu ekudobeni emanzini anosawoti ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, isimo sengqondo kanye nolaka. Ukuze uzibambe, uzodinga ukudoba okunzima kakhulu. I-Sea trolling yindlela yokudoba usebenzisa imoto ehambayo njengesikebhe noma isikebhe. Ukudoba olwandle nasezindaweni ezivulekile zasolwandle, kusetshenziswa imikhumbi ekhethekile enamathuluzi amaningi. Endabeni ye-tunas, lezi, njengomthetho, izikebhe ezinkulu zezimoto nezikebhe. Lokhu akubangelwa nje kuphela ubukhulu bezintambo ezingenzeka, kodwa futhi nezimo zokudoba. Abaphathi bezinduku bayizici eziyinhloko zemishini yemikhumbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikebhe zifakwe izihlalo zokudlala izinhlanzi, itafula lokwenza ama-bait, imisindo enamandla ye-echo nokunye. Izinduku ezikhethekile nazo ziyasetshenziswa, ezenziwe nge-fiberglass namanye ama-polymers anezinsimbi ezikhethekile. Amakhoyili asetshenziswa ngokuphindaphinda, umthamo omkhulu. Idivayisi yama-trolling reels ingaphansi komqondo oyinhloko walawo mathuluzi: amandla. I-mono-line, efinyelela ku-4 mm ubukhulu noma ngaphezulu, ikalwa ngamakhilomitha ngesikhathi sokudoba okunjalo. Ziningi impela izinto ezisizayo ezisetshenziswa kuye ngezimo zokudoba: ukujulisa okokusebenza, ukubeka ama-bait endaweni yokudoba, ukunamathisela udobo, nokunye, okuhlanganisa izinto eziningi zemishini. I-Trolling, ikakhulukazi lapho uzingela imidondoshiya yasolwandle, iwuhlobo lweqembu lokudoba. Njengomthetho, kusetshenziswa izinduku eziningana. Endabeni yokulunywa, ukuhambisana kweqembu kubalulekile ukuze kubanjwe ngempumelelo. Ngaphambi kohambo, kuhle ukuthola imithetho yokudoba esifundeni. Ezimweni eziningi, ukudoba kwenziwa ngabaqondisi abangochwepheshe abanomthwalo wemfanelo ngokugcwele kulo mcimbi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukufuna indondo olwandle noma olwandle kungase kuhlotshaniswe namahora amaningi okulinda ukulunywa, ngezinye izikhathi kungaphumeleli.
Ukudoba i-tuna ngokuphotha
Izinhlanzi zihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu ezivulekile zolwandle, ngakho ukudoba kwenzeka ezikebheni zamakilasi ahlukahlukene. Ukuze ubambe i-tuna yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, kanye nezinye izinhlanzi zasolwandle, abadobi basebenzisa amagiya okuphotha. Ukubhekana, ekudobeni okuphotha izinhlanzi zasolwandle, njengalapho ku-trolling, imfuneko eyinhloko ukwethembeka. Ama-reel kufanele abe nokunikezwa okuhlaba umxhwele kwentambo yokudoba noma intambo. Okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukusetshenziswa kwama-leashes akhethekile azovikela i-bait yakho ekuphuleni. Ngaphandle kwe-braking system engenazinkinga, ikhoyili kufanele ivikelwe emanzini anosawoti. Ukudoba ngokuphotha emkhunjini kungase kuhluke ezimisweni zokunikezwa kwezihenqo. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zemishini yokudoba olwandle, izintambo ezisheshayo ziyadingeka, okusho isilinganiso esiphezulu segiya lomshini wokusonga. Ngokomgomo wokusebenza, amakhoyili angaba kokubili kokuphindaphinda futhi angabi ne-inertial. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, izinduku zikhethwa ngokuya ngesistimu ye-reel. Endabeni ye-dormice, ama-rigs avame ukusetshenziselwa ukudoba "inhlanzi endizayo" noma i-squid. Kuyafaneleka ukusho lapha ukuthi lapho udoba ekujikelezeni kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle, indlela yokudoba ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze ukhethe izintambo ezifanele, kufanele uthintane nabadobi basendaweni abanolwazi noma abaqondisi.
Amahubo
Ukudoba i-tuna, kusetshenziswa imicu yasolwandle evamile, ehambisana nohlobo lokudoba. I-Trolling, imvamisa, ibanjwa kuma-spinner ahlukahlukene, ama-wobblers kanye nokulingiswa kwe-silicone. Izilobo zemvelo nazo ziyasetshenziswa; ngenxa yalokhu, abaqondisi abanolwazi benza ama-bait besebenzisa imishini ekhethekile. Lapho udoba ukuphotha, ama-wobblers ahlukahlukene olwandle, ama-spinner nokunye ukulingisa okwenziwa ukuphila kwasemanzini kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Lapho ubamba i-tuna encane ngenjongo yokudoba noma ukuzijabulisa phakathi nohambo lwesikebhe, kanye negiya lokuphotha, imishini elula yokubamba izingcezu ze-fillet noma izimfanzi zingasetshenziswa.
Izindawo zokudoba kanye nezindawo zokuhlala
Izinhlobo eziningi zihlala emanzini ashisayo nangaphansi kwezilwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi zihlala oLwandle iMedithera kanye noLwandle Olumnyama, kodwa ekugcineni, ukubanjwa kwe-tuna kuyivelakancane. Ukuvakashela kwe-tuna ngezikhathi ezithile eNyakatho ye-Atlantic kanye noLwandle i-Barents kuyaziwa. Phakathi nenkathi efudumele yasehlobo, i-tuna ingafinyelela emanzini azungeze iNhlonhlo Ye-Kola. EMpumalanga Ekude, indawo yokuhlala ikhawulelwe ezilwandle ezigeza iziqhingi zaseJapane, kodwa futhi zibamba i-tuna emanzini aseRussia. Njengoba sekushiwo, i-tuna ihlala engxenyeni engenhla yamanzi olwandle nolwandle, ihamba amabanga amade ifuna ukudla.
Ukuzalela
Njengakwezinye, izinhlanzi ezisakazekile, ukuzala ku-tuna kuncike ezimweni eziningana. Kunoma yikuphi, ukuzala kuzo zonke izinhlobo kuyinkathi yonyaka futhi kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo. Iminyaka yokuthomba iqala eminyakeni engu-2-3 ubudala. Izinhlobo eziningi zizalela emanzini afudumele asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo. Ukuze benze lokhu, benza ukufuduka okude. Indlela yokuzala ihlobene ngokuqondile nendlela yokuphila ye-pelargic. Abesifazane, kuye ngosayizi, bavundile kakhulu.