Inhlanzi yesinaphi: ukubukeka, indawo yokuhlala, ukudoba lwesinaphi

Izinhlanzi ze-Gorchak zingowomndeni wezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ze-cyprinid. Njengomthetho, uhlala emachibini anamanzi amile noma ama-reservoirs, lapho, nakuba ekhona, kodwa okwamanje kancane. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 zale nhlanzi ezithakazelisayo, ezingaba nombala okhangayo kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuziphatha nezindawo zokuhlala zale nhlanzi, kanye nezindlela zokudoba.

Incazelo yenhlanzi ebabayo

ukubukeka

Le nhlanzi ingahlukaniswa kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ngomzimba ophakeme, ocindezelwe eceleni, lapho kutholakala khona izikali ezinkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlanzi ebabayo ibonakala ngokuba khona kwekhanda elincane, hhayi amehlo amakhulu (ngokuqhathaniswa) kanye nokungabikho kwamadevu. Umlomo obabayo awumkhulu futhi utholakala engxenyeni engezansi yekhanda. Umzimba wesinaphi umbozwe ngezikali zesiliva, phezu kwazo, eceleni komzimba, kukhona imivimbo emincane, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma eluhlaza. Phakathi nenkathi yokuzala, umzimba wesinaphi uba nombala ohluke kancane, ogqamile wemibala ekhazimulayo. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo, le nhlanzi iyakwazi ukukhula ifinyelele kumasentimitha ayi-10. Isilinganiso sabantu sicishe sibe ngamasentimitha angu-7 ubude, sinesisindo esingamagremu angu-8. Isikhathi sokuphila sale nhlanzi ezithakazelisayo cishe iminyaka emi-5. Ikhetha ukuhlala emihlambini, futhi eduze naphansi, ikhetha izindawo ezinokujula kancane.

Ukudla kwale nhlanzi kuqukethe i-plankton kanye ne-algae, okumele kube khona ngokuqinisekile ezindaweni zokuhlala ze-bitterlings. E-Russia, le nhlanzi ithole inombolo yamanye amagama, njenge "olshanka", "baba", "pukasik", "malyavka", "gorchanka" noma "bruise". Ngokubukeka, inhlanzi yesinaphi ifana ne-crucian encane, lapho isinaphi yayibizwa nangokuthi "gorchak crucian".

habitat

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zesinaphi zikhetha indawo yazo. Indawo yokuhlala eyinhloko ibhekwa njengendawo lapho ama-clams "Unio" noma "Anodonta" ahlala khona, ehlotshaniswa nomjikelezo wokuphila wale nhlanzi.

Izinhlanzi ezibabayo zitholakala kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, okungukuthi eMfuleni iSeine, uMfula iVolga kanye nomfula iNeva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, itholakala emgodini woLwandle iBaltic kanye noLwandle Olumnyama, kanye nasemachibini ahlobene noLwandle i-Aegean.

E-Russia, ukuba khona kwale nhlanzi kuphawulwe eMfuleni i-Neva kanye nemingenela yawo. Ingatholakala futhi esifundeni saseVolga, emfuleni onjengeVolga neChapaevka, ogeleza esifundeni saseSamara. Ngezinye izikhathi wayehlangana oLwandle lweCaspian.

I-Amur ebabayo ivame kakhulu e-Asia, emazweni anjengeChina, iSouth Korea, iVietnam neMongolia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlala emanzini athile engxenyeni yase-Asia yaseRussia. Izindawo ezinjalo zingabhekwa njengoMfula i-Amur, uLwandle lwaseJapane noLwandle lwase-Okhotsk, kanye nezitsha zabo. Empumalanga yeRussia, iSakhalin, le nhlanzi nayo itholakala emifuleni efana nePoronai neTym.

Izinhlanzi ze-Gorchak aziyona inzuzo yezohwebo, nakuba lezi zinhlanzi ziningi kakhulu. E-our country, intukuthelo itholakala ezindaweni eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga, naseBelarus - ePolissya. Eduze nezindawo ezisenyakatho, i-bitterling ayisakazeki, njengoba ikhetha amanzi afudumele nezindawo ezithile ezihlobene nomjikelezo wayo wokuphila. Naphezu kwalokhu, ukufutheka kuhlangatshezwane nazo ezindaweni lapho kwakungafanele khona.

inqubo yokuzala

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ngesikhathi sokuzala, ukubaba kuyashintsha ukubukeka kwayo, noma kunalokho umbala wayo. Ingemuva nezinhlangothi zabesilisa zipendwe ngombala onsomi ogqamile, kanti amaphiko anombala obomvana ogqamile. Iduna ngalesi sikhathi iba yilona elikhanga kakhulu kwabesifazane.

Abesifazane nabo "bapenda kabusha" ngombala obomvana, kodwa hhayi ngokugqamile njengakwabesilisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, benza i-oviduct, cishe amasentimitha angu-5 ubude. Lokhu kungenxa yemininingwane yokuzala kwale nhlanzi. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, le oviduct iyancipha ngosayizi futhi, lapho iqeda ukuzala, icishe ingabonakali.

Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bakhombisa ukwanda komsebenzi, bexosha izimbangi zabo kwabesifazane. Njengomthetho, akukho ukushoda kwabesifazane, ngakho-ke lokhu kuhlukumeza kwabo kungokomfanekiso.

I-Gorchak ingaqala ukuzala ngemva kweminyaka emi-3 yokuphila, ngobude obungaba ngamasentimitha angu-4. Insikazi iyaqhubeka nokuzala entwasahlobo nasehlobo, iyibeka emgodini wohlobo oluthile lwe-mollusk, okudingeka ngayo le oviduct. Amaqanda anesimo se-oval, cishe u-3 mm ububanzi. Insikazi eyodwa ikwazi ukubekela amaqanda angaba ngu-400 ngangokunokwenzeka, kuyilapho abesifazane abambalwa bengakwazi ukubeka amaqanda ku-mollusk eyodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ndawana thize emasontweni ambalwa, kuvela ukuthosa okubabayo, okuphuma ku-mollusk. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imibungu ye-mollusk inamathele kubo, ngaleyo ndlela ihamba ngaphakathi kwechibi elithile. Ngamanye amazwi, i-mollusk nezinhlanzi ezibabayo ziyasizana ekuthuthukisweni komhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi. Uma omunye wabo enyamalala, omunye ohlala emhlabeni ongaphansi kwamanzi uzonyamalala ngemuva kwakhe. Lokhu kungobunye ubufakazi bokuthi emvelweni zonke izinqubo zixhumene.

Ukudoba

Le nhlanzi ayinanzuzo yokuhweba ngenxa yokuthi incane ngosayizi, futhi inyama yayo iyababa. Ngenxa yalokhu kunambitheka kwesici, yathola igama layo. Ukuba khona kokubaba enyameni yesinaphi kuhlotshaniswa ne-algae le nhlanzi edla ngayo.

Kulokhu, abadobi abangama-amateur abazijwayezi ukudoba lwesinaphi, futhi akulula kakhulu ukukubamba, ikakhulukazi ngenduku evamile yokudoba. Iqiniso liwukuthi le nhlanzi iqaphe kakhulu futhi ukuze uyibambe udinga igiya elikhethekile elinomugqa omncane ukuze ungaqapheli izinhlanzi. Babamba le nhlanzi ngamanye amathuluzi ukuze bayisebenzise njengendawo yokudoba ephilayo, ukubamba izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye.

Izinhlobo zesinaphi

Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 zale nhlanzi ezithakazelisayo ezaziwa. Okudume kakhulu kuzo yilezi:

• I-Gorchak evamile, okuyinto evamile kuma-reservoirs kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, Belarus, our country naseRussia.
• Gorchak Amur, ehlala emachibini aseMpumalanga Ekude.
• Gorchak Laita. Lolu hlobo luhlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeChina. Ingahlukaniswa nozakwabo ngombala wayo ophuzi, kanye nokuba khona kwebala eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elimnyama eduze kwamagill.
• I-Gorchak ocellar. Le nhlanzi ihlukaniswa ngombala osagolide futhi itholakala ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi eNingizimu Korea, eVietnam naseChina.

Ukuziphatha

Njengomthetho, le nhlanzi encane ikhetha amanzi amile noma ahamba kancane. Ngokuyinhloko baphila ukuphila okubuthana, beduka babe amaqembu abantu abangaba ngu-60 noma ngaphezulu. Emaqenjini anjalo, njengomthetho, kukhona njalo abesifazane abaningi kunabesilisa, kodwa ngesikhathi sokuzala, le mihlambi ingaxubana, okuholela ekulinganisweni kwenani labesifazane nabesilisa.

I-Gorchak iyinhlanzi edla uhlaza, ngakho-ke ikhetha ukuba ngaphansi kwechibi, lapho kukhula khona ama-algae ahlukahlukene. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi le nhlanzi idla lolu lwelwe, ilusebenzisa njengesivikelo ezitheni. Inhlanzi inamahloni futhi iqaphile, okuthinta ukuziphatha kwayo. Lapho ihlaselwa inyamazane edla ezinye, ingaba nesivinini esikhulu ekuqaleni, kuyilapho yona ivika ngobuhlakani amazinyo omhlaseli.

Ukubamba isinaphi

Ukudoba le nhlanzi kungaba mnandi kakhulu futhi kungabi nandaba, okuzodinga ukukhuthazela, ukubekezela nekhono elivela ku-angler. Ucofa kalula isinkwa se-rye esimnyama. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akayigwinyi i-nozzle, kodwa uyayidla kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uyibambe, kungcono ukusebenzisa izingwegwe ezincane ezingafihlwa njenge-bait.

Njengokunamathiselwe kwe-hook, ungasebenzisa ummbila omncane, inhlama ye-anise, ibhali, izimpethu, kanye nezingcezu zesibungu esivamile. Nokho, intukuthelo ikhetha umlomo womsuka wezitshalo.

Izindawo ezithembisayo kakhulu zokuyibamba yizindawo lapho cishe kungekho khona amanzi amanje noma angemuva, lapho kuqashelwa khona ukuba khona kwezimila zasemanzini. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, isinaphi ifihla emihlambini eminingi. Nakuba i-babatterling ibhekwa njengenhlanzi engaphansi, ukhetha izindawo ezingajulile lapho kukhona okuthile okuzuzisa ngakho. Njengomthetho, ekujuleni okukhulu kunzima kumuntu obabayo ukuthi azitholele ukudla.

I-babatterling ibanjwe ngentonga ye-float evamile ene-leash encane kakhulu kanye ne-float ebucayi kakhulu. Ezindaweni lapho kubanjwa khona i-roach noma i-bleak, intukuthelo nayo ingenzeka. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuyivelakancane, njengoba intukuthelo ayikwazi ukumelana nokucindezela kwe-roach.

Indlela yokulungisa okubabayo

Le nhlanzi inokunambitheka okubabayo. Uma okungenani inhlanzi eyodwa ingena endlebeni, khona-ke izolimaza isidlo. Naphezu kokunambitheka okubabayo, okubabayo akubhekwa njengobuthi futhi kungadliwa uma usebenzisa enye yezindlela zokupheka. E-China, bakhetha ukudla le nhlanzi ngendlela ethosiwe, bayikhiphe ngokucophelela futhi bayigeze kahle. Ku-inthanethi, ungathola iresiphi eyodwa ethakazelisa kakhulu ezokusiza ukuthi ulungiselele kahle lwesinaphi.

Labo abalungisa i-gourd ebabayo batusa ngokucophelela ukususa ingaphakathi layo, emva kwalokho kufanele ligezwe kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izikali kufanele zisuswe. Ngemuva kwalokho, inhlanzi ithosiwe epanini lokuthosa elishisayo esimweni sama-chips. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, kungcono ukugcoba i-pan ngamafutha. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-fish chips atholakala ngaphandle kokuba khona kokumunyu.

I-Gorchak, naphezu kokubukeka kwayo okukhangayo, ayinandaba nabadobi, ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okubabayo, futhi inhlanzi ngokwayo incane kakhulu: kungcono ukubamba ngamabomu okumnyama, okungaba kukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesinaphi. Nakuba, uma iphekwe ngendlela efanele, ingadliwa.

Mayelana nalokhu, abadobi abaningi abazilolongi ukubamba le nhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akulula kakhulu ukuyibamba ngoba iyinhlanzi eqaphile futhi enamahloni. Uma ubanjwe ngehuku, kungcono ukusebenzisa isinaphi njengesiyengo ukuze ubambe izinhlanzi ezidla inyama.

Akunangqondo ukusebenzisa insimbi encane kakhulu ukumbamba, njengoba kukhona nenye inhlanzi enkulu echibini, enganqamula kalula umugqa omncane. Abanye abadobi babamba isinaphi “ngesicabucabu” ukuze basisebenzise kamuva njengesiheho esiphilayo. Ukubamba izinhlanzi "ngesicabucabu" kunezici zayo ezihlotshaniswa nomklamo wegiya. Kanye nesinaphi, enye inhlanzi encane ingahlangana nayo, ebuye isetshenziswe njengesiyengo esiphilayo. Abanye abadobi badoba ngamabomu “ngesicabucabu” ukuze bazitholele isilo esiphilayo.