Ukushaqeka kukagesi

Ngo-2022, kunzima ukucabanga impilo ngaphandle kukagesi. Emphakathini wanamuhla, inikeza konke okusezimpilweni zethu. Nsuku zonke sithembele kuyo emsebenzini, ngenkathi sihamba futhi, kunjalo, nasekhaya. Nakuba ukusebenzisana okuningi nogesi kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesigameko, ukushaqeka kukagesi kungenzeka kunoma isiphi isimo, okuhlanganisa izizinda zezimboni nezokwakha, izimboni zokukhiqiza, noma ngisho nekhaya lakho.

Uma umuntu elinyazwe wukushaywa wugesi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okumele uzithathe ukuze usize lowo ohlukunyeziwe. Ukwengeza, udinga ukuqaphela izingozi ezingase zibe khona ekusizeni isisulu sokushaqeka kukagesi nokuthi ungasiza kanjani ngaphandle kokuzifaka engozini.

Uma ugesi uthinta noma udlula emzimbeni, ubizwa ngokuthi i-electric shock (electrocution). Lokhu kungenzeka noma yikuphi lapho kunogesi. Imiphumela yokushaqeka kukagesi isukela ekulimaleni okuncane nokungeyona ingozi kuya ekulimaleni okubi kakhulu nokufa. Cishe u-5% wokulaliswa esibhedlela ezindaweni ezishile kuhlobene nokushaqeka kukagesi. Noma ubani othole ukushaqeka kwamandla kagesi aphezulu noma oshiswe ugesi kufanele afune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Kuyini ukushaqeka kukagesi?

Umuntu angathola ukushaqeka kukagesi ngenxa yezintambo zikagesi zasendlini ezingalungile. Ukushaqeka kukagesi kwenzeka lapho amandla kagesi ehamba esuka endaweni ephilayo eya engxenyeni ethile yomzimba.

Ukulimala kukagesi kungenzeka ngenxa yokuxhumana ne:

• izinto zikagesi ezingalungile noma izinto zokusebenza;
• izintambo zasendlini;
• izintambo zikagesi;
• ukushaywa kombani;
• izitolo zikagesi.

Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zokulimala kokuxhumana ngogesi:

I-Flash, igalelo elifushane: ukuhlukumezeka okungazelelwe ngokuvamile kubangela ukusha okukha phezulu. Zibangelwa ukwakheka kwe-arc, okuwuhlobo lokukhishwa kukagesi. Umsinga awungeni esikhunjeni.

Ukulahlwa: lokhu kulimala kwenzeka lapho ukuchithwa kukagesi kubangela ukuba izingubo zomuntu zivutha. Umsinga ungadlula noma ungadluli esikhumbeni.

Umbani: ukulimala kuhlotshaniswa ne-voltage emfushane kodwa ephezulu yamandla kagesi. Okwamanje kugeleza emzimbeni womuntu.

Ukuvalwa kwesiyingi: umuntu uba yingxenye yesekethe futhi ugesi ungena uphume emzimbeni.

Amaqhubu aphuma ezitolo zikagesi noma ezinsizeni ezincane awavamile ukubangela ukulimala okubi kakhulu. Nokho, ukuthintana nogesi isikhathi eside kungabangela umonakalo.

Iyini ingozi yokushaqeka kukagesi

Izinga lengozi yokunqotshwa lincike embundwini "wokuyeka" - amandla amanje kanye ne-voltage. Umkhawulo othi “dedela” izinga imisipha yomuntu ifinyela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akakwazi ukudedela umthombo kagesi kuze kube kukhona owukhipha ngokuphepha. Sizokhombisa ngokucacile ukuthi kuyini ukusabela komzimba emandleni ahlukene amanje, akalwa ngama-milliamp (mA):

• I-0,2 - 1 mA - ukuzwa kagesi kwenzeka (ukugubha, ukushaqeka kagesi);
• 1 - 2 mA - kukhona ukuzwa ubuhlungu;
• 3 - 5 mA - umkhawulo wokukhululwa wezingane;
• 6 - 10 mA - umkhawulo omncane wokukhululwa kwabantu abadala;
• I-10 - 20 mA - i-spasm ingenzeka endaweni yokuxhumana;
• 22 mA – 99% wabantu abadala abakwazi ukudedela ucingo;
• 20 - 50 mA - ukudlikizela kungenzeka;
• 50 - 100 mA - isigqi senhliziyo esisongela impilo singenzeka.

Ugesi wasendlini kwamanye amazwe ungama-volts angu-110 (V), ezweni lakithi ungu-220 V, ezinye izinto zikagesi zidinga ama-360 V. Izintambo zezimboni kanye nezamandla zingakwazi ukumelana nama-voltage angaphezu kuka-100 V. Ama-voltage aphezulu angu-000 V noma ngaphezulu angabangela ukujula. ukusha, kanye nama-voltage aphansi angu-500-110 V angabangela imisipha yemisipha.

Umuntu angathola ukushaqeka kukagesi uma ehlangana namandla kagesi entweni encane, ephuma odongeni, noma entanjeni enwetshiwe. Lokhu kushaqeka akuvamisile ukubangela ukulimala okukhulu noma izinkinga.

Cishe isigamu sokufa kwabantu ngenxa ye-electrocution kwenzeka ezindaweni zokusebenza. Imisebenzi enengcuphe enkulu yokushaqeka kukagesi okungabulali ihlanganisa:

• ukwakha, ukungcebeleka kanye nebhizinisi lamahhotela;
• imfundo kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo;
• indawo yokuhlala kanye nezinsiza zokudla;
• ukukhiqizwa.

Kunezici ezimbalwa ezingathinta ubulukhuni bokushaqeka kukagesi, okuhlanganisa:

• amandla amanje;
• uhlobo lwamanje - olushintshayo lwamanje (AC) noma lwamanje oluqondile (DC);
• I-current ifinyelela kuyiphi ingxenye yomzimba;
• isikhathi esingakanani umuntu engaphansi kwethonya lamanje;
• ukumelana kwamanje.

Izimpawu kanye nemiphumela yokushaqeka kukagesi

Izimpawu zokushaqeka kukagesi zincike ezintweni eziningi. Ukulimala okuvela ekukhishweni kwamandla kagesi aphansi kungenzeka kuvele phezulu, futhi ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumbane kagesi kungabangela ukusha okujulile.

Ukulimala kwesibili kungenzeka ngenxa yokushaqeka kukagesi ezithweni zangaphakathi kanye nezicubu. Umuntu angase asabele nge-jerk, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokulinganisela noma ukuwa nokulimala kwenye ingxenye yomzimba.

imiphumela emibi yesikhathi esifushane. Ngokuya ngobunzima, imiphumela esheshayo yokulimala kukagesi ingase ihlanganise:

• ukusha;
• i-arrhythmia;
• ukudlikizela;
• ukuluma noma ukuba ndikindiki kwezingxenye zomzimba;
• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi;
• ikhanda.

Abanye abantu bangase bazizwe bengakhululekile kodwa kungabikho umonakalo obonakalayo ngokomzimba, kanti abanye bangase bazwe ubuhlungu obukhulu kanye nokulimala okusobala kwezicubu. Labo abangakaze bahlangabezane nokulimala okubi kakhulu noma ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo emahoreni angama-24 kuya kwangu-48 ngemva kokushaywa ugesi akunakwenzeka ukuba bakuthuthukise.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ingase ihlanganise:

• kuya kubani;
• isifo senhliziyo esiyingozi;
• eyeka ukuphefumula.

Imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside. Olunye ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi abantu abathola ukushaqeka kukagesi babengenakuba nezinkinga zenhliziyo eminyakeni engu-5 ngemva kwesigameko kunalabo abangazange babe nezinkinga zenhliziyo. Umuntu angase abe nezimpawu ezihlukahlukene, ezihlanganisa izimpawu ezingokwengqondo, zezinzwa, nezomzimba. Angase ahlanganise:

• I-post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD);
• ukulahleka kwememori;
• ubuhlungu;
• ukucindezeleka;
• ukugxilisa ingqondo kabi;
• ukukhathala;
• ukukhathazeka, ukulunywa, ikhanda elibuhlungu;
• ukuqwasha;
• ukuquleka;
• ububanzi obulinganiselwe bokunyakaza;
• ukunciphisa ukugxila;
• ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi;
• ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha;
• ukulahleka kwememori;
• i-sciatica;
• izinkinga ezihlangene;
• ukwethuka;
• ukunyakaza okungahlelekile;
• ukujuluka ebusuku.

Noma ngubani oshiswe wukushaywa wugesi noma oshaywe wugesi kufanele afune usizo lwezempilo.

Usizo lokuqala lokushaqeka kukagesi

Ukushaqeka okuncane kukagesi, okufana nemishini emincane, ngokuvamile akudingi ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, umuntu kufanele afune usizo lwezempilo uma eshaywe wugesi.

Uma othile ethole ukushaqeka kwe-voltage ephezulu, kufanele kushayelwe i-ambulensi ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungaphendula kanjani ngendlela efanele:

1. Ungabathinti abantu ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi basaxhumana nomthombo kagesi.
2. Uma kuphephile ukwenza kanjalo, vala umthombo wamandla. Uma lokhu kungaphephile, sebenzisa ukhuni olungaconsi, ikhadibhodi, noma ipulasitiki ukususa umthombo kulowo ohlukunyeziwe.
3. Uma sebephumile endaweni kagesi, hlola ukushaya kwenhliziyo komuntu futhi ubone ukuthi uyaphefumula yini. Uma ukuphefumula kwabo kungashoni, qala i-CPR ngokushesha.
4. Uma umuntu ebuthakathaka noma ephaphathekile, mlalise ukuze ikhanda lakhe libe phansi kunomzimba wakhe, futhi imilenze yakhe ihlale iphezulu.
5. Umuntu akufanele athinte ukusha noma asuse izingubo ezishile.

Ukuze wenze i-cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) kufanele:

1. Beka izandla zakho phezu komunye nomunye phakathi kwesifuba sakho. Usebenzisa isisindo somzimba wakho, cindezela phansi ngamandla futhi ngokushesha bese ucindezela ngokujulile ngo-4-5 cm. Umgomo uwukwenza ukucindezelwa okungu-100 ngemizuzwana engama-60.
2. Yenza ukuphefumula okwenziwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, qiniseka ukuthi umlomo womuntu uhlanzekile, ubhekise ikhanda lakhe emuva, uphakamise isilevu sakhe, umpintshe amakhala, futhi ufuthe emlonyeni wakhe ukuze aphakamise isifuba sakhe. Nikeza ukuphefumula okubili kokuhlenga bese uqhubeke nokucindezela.
3. Phinda le nqubo kuze kufike usizo noma kuze kube yilapho umuntu eqala ukuphefumula.

Usizo esibhedlela:

• Egunjini lezimo eziphuthumayo, udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba ukuze ahlole ukulimala okungenzeka kwangaphandle nangaphakathi. Ukuhlola okungaba khona kuhlanganisa:
• i-electrocardiogram (ECG) ukuqapha izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo;
• i-computed tomography (CT) ukuhlola impilo yobuchopho, umgogodla, nesifuba;
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi.

Ungazivikela kanjani ekushayweni kukagesi

Ukushaqeka kukagesi kanye nokulimala okungase kubangele kusuka kokuncane kuye kokubi kakhulu. Ukushaqeka kukagesi kuvame ukwenzeka ekhaya, ngakho hlola izinto zakho ezisebenza ngogesi njalo ukuze uthole umonakalo.

Abantu abasebenza eduze ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwezinhlelo zikagesi kumele banakekele ngokukhethekile futhi bahlale belandela imithetho yokuphepha. Uma umuntu eshaqeke kakhulu ugesi, nikeza usizo lokuqala uma kuphephile ukwenza kanjalo futhi ushayele i-ambulensi.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Sixoxe ngalolu daba udokotela wezinzwa wesigaba esiphezulu u-Evgeny Mosin.