Ukuze kube nobuthi emangqamuzaneni amathumbu, i-E. coli idinga ushukela okhethekile umuntu angeke akwazi ukuwenza ngokwakhe. Ingena emzimbeni kuphela nenyama nobisi. Ngakho-ke kulabo abangenayo le mikhiqizo, izifo zamathumbu azisongelwa - okungenani lezo ezibangelwa i-bacterium subtype Shiga.
Ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwabonisa ukuthi abantu abadla imifino benza umsebenzi wabo ngeze: ngokwenqaba inyama nemikhiqizo yobisi, banciphisa amathuba okuhlushwa ubuthi be-E. coli bohlobo oluncane lwe-Shiga, olubangela isifo sohudo esinegazi kanye nezifo ezimbi nakakhulu, cishe ziro.
Konke kumayelana nama-molecule amancane kashukela: kuvela ukuthi okuhloswe ngakho ubuthi baleli gciwane i-N-glycolneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), etholakala phezu kwamaseli ethu. Kodwa emzimbeni womuntu, lo shukela wesignali awuhlanganiswa. Ngenxa yalokho, amabhaktheriya kufanele "alinde" i-molecule ye-Neu5Gc ukuthi ingene emgudwini wokugaya isuka enyameni noma ebisini bese ihlanganisa ulwelwesi lwamaseli ahlanganisa amathumbu. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho ubuthi buqala khona ukusebenza.
Ososayensi baye bakubonisa lokhu ngemigqa yeseli ye-in vitro (in vitro), futhi baze bathuthukisa umugqa okhethekile wamagundane. Emagundaneni ajwayelekile, i-Neu5Gc ihlanganiswa kusukela phansi kumaseli, ngakho i-E. coli isebenzisa lokhu kalula. Njengoba kwenzeka, uma ucisha ngokwenziwa - njengoba ososayensi bethi, "ngqongqoza" isakhi sofuzo esikuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise i-Neu5Gc, khona-ke izinti ze-Shiga azinawo umthelela kuzo.
Imfihlo "yowesifazane waseSpain"
Ososayensi baye bembula imfihlo yokufa okungakaze kubonwe kusukela “kumkhuhlane waseSpain”. Amashumi ezigidi zabantu afa ngo-1918 ngenxa yezinguquko ezimbili ezavumela uhlobo olusha lomkhuhlane ukuthi lubophe ngokuqinile kushukela ... Ukusetshenziswa kwama-molecule abonisa umkhosi njengendlela yokuhlasela okuhloswe ngayo amagciwane akuyona into entsha.
Amagciwane omkhuhlane aphinde abophezele kushukela ongaphezulu kwamaseli, ama-virion e-HIV abophezela kuma-molecule e-CD4 abonisayo olwelwesi lwamaseli omzimba we-T-helper, kanti i-plasmodium kamalaleveva ibona ama-erythrocyte ngezinsalela ze-neuraminic acid.
Ososayensi abagcini nje ngokuwazi la maqiniso, bangakwazi ukuchaza zonke izigaba zokuthintana okuwumphumela kanye nokungena okulandelayo kwe-ejenti ethathelwanayo, noma ubuthi bayo, kuseli. Kodwa lolu lwazi, ngeshwa, alukwazi ukuholela ekwakhiweni kwezidakamizwa ezinamandla. Iqiniso liwukuthi ama-molecule afanayo asetshenziswa amangqamuzana omzimba wethu ukuze axhumane nomunye nomunye, futhi noma yimuphi umthelela oqondiswe kuwo nakanjani ngeke uthinte kuphela impilo ye-pathogen, kodwa futhi nomsebenzi womzimba wethu.
Umzimba womuntu wenza ngaphandle kwe-Neu5Gc, futhi ukuze ugweme ukuthola ukutheleleka kokudla okuyingozi, kwanele ukuvimbela le molekyuli ukuthi ingangeni emzimbeni - okungukuthi, ungadli inyama nobisi. Vele, ungathembela ekugazini ngokuphelele kwenyama kanye nokuvala inzalo yobisi, kodwa le mikhiqizo kulula ukuyigwema.
Esikalini se-"Nobel", lo msebenzi wawunganele ngaphandle komzamo owalandela wokuthelela i-E. coli, ngoba kulokhu, abalobi balolu cwaningo bangase bancintisane ekudumeni nabavubukuli be-Helicobacter pylori, ebangela izilonda zesisu. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, ukuze azibonakalise elungile emhlabeni wezokwelapha ongaguquki, omunye wabo wazithelela ngamabomu “ngezilonda zezilonda.” Futhi eminyakeni engu-20 kamuva wathola uMklomelo KaNobel.