I-Crayfish - indlela yokubamba i-crayfish ku-crayfish, ama-baits, lapho ungayibamba

Cancer (Astacus astacus), noma i-crayfish evamile, ungowohlelo lwama-decapod crustaceans (Decapoda). Izitho ezimbili zangaphambili zithuthuke kakhulu futhi zigcina ngezinzipho, lapho inkalankala ibamba inyamazane futhi izivikele. Amapheya amane alandelayo ezitho ezingakathuthuki kahle awokuhamba. Ngaphansi kwegobolondo lomsila kukhona amanye amapheya amahlanu ezitho ezimfishane, ezinama-atrophied. Umbhangqwana wangaphambili uthuthukiswa kwabesilisa ube yizitho zangasese ezingamashubhu ezinde. Kwabesifazane, izitho ezihambisanayo cishe zi-atrophied ngokuphelele. Ubulili be-crayfish encane bungasungulwa ngokubukeka kuphela ngokuba khona noma ukungabikho kwezitho zangasese ze-tubular. Ubulili be-crayfish endala kulula ukububona ngokuqhathanisa izinzipho nemisila yabo: izinzipho zesilisa zikhudlwana, kanti umsila wensikazi ubanzi kunowobulili obuhlukile. Umsila obanzi wensikazi uvikela amaqanda ngenkathi ekhula ngaphansi komsila, anamathele emilenzeni emifushane. Ukuvuleka kwesitho sangasese kwabesifazane kutholakala phansi kwesiqephu sesithathu sezitho, kanti kwabesilisa - phansi kwesigaba sesihlanu sezitho.

Indawo yokuhlala nendlela yokuphila

I-Cancer iyathandeka kakhulu maqondana nemvelo kunokuba abantu abaningi becabanga. Amanzi lapho ezihlala khona kufanele abe masha; i-crayfish ayikwazi ukuzalela emanzini olwandle anosawoti noma anosawoti. Okuqukethwe komoyampilo ku-crayfish yamanzi kudinga okufanayo nezinhlanzi ze-salmon. Ukuze uthole impilo evamile ye-crayfish ngenkathi efudumele, amanzi kufanele aqukathe umoya-mpilo ngaphezu kuka-5 mg / l. I-Crayfish ingahlala emanzini alula namnyama, inqobo nje uma ingenayo i-asidi eningi. Inani le-pH lamanzi elilungele ukuphila kwe-crayfish kufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-6,5. Ukukhula kwe-crayfish emanzini aphelelwe umcako kuncipha. I-Crayfish izwela kakhulu ekungcoleni kwamanzi. Uma izimo zokuphila zivuma, khona-ke ama-crayfish angaphila ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zamanzi amasha - amachibi, imifula, amachibi ama-oxbow nemifudlana. Nokho, kubonakala sengathi indawo eyintandokazi yama-crayfish kuseyimifula.

Ezindaweni zokuhlala ze-crayfish, phansi kwe-reservoir kufanele kube okuqinile futhi ngaphandle kwe-silt. Ezindaweni ezinodaka, ogwini olunamadwala noma olunesihlabathi, kanye nasemanzini angashoni anephansi eliyisicaba, elihlanzekile, ama-crayfish awatholakali, ngoba awakwazi ukuzitholela indawo yokukhosela noma ukuyimba. I-Crayfish ithanda izinqe ezinamatshe lapho ingathola khona indawo yokukhosela kalula, noma ezansi ezilungele ukubhobolwa. Imigodi ye-Crayfish itholakala emigodini engasogwini noma emithambekeni yogu. Ngokuvamile zitholakala emngceleni we-hard and soft bottom. Ukuphuma emgodini, umhubhe ongaba ngaphezu kwemitha ubude, ngokuvamile ufihlwa ngaphansi kwesiqu sesihlahla esiwile, izimpande zesihlahla noma ngaphansi kwamatshe. Umgodi we-crayfish useduze impela, umbiwa ngokobukhulu bomuntu ohlala khona, okwenza kube lula nge-crayfish ukuhlela ukuvikeleka ekuhlaselweni kwabazalwane abakhulu. Umdlavuza unzima ukuwukhipha emgodini, ubambelela ngokuqinile ezindongeni zawo ngezitho zakhe. Ukuthi umgodi uhlala kuwo kuboniswa umhlabathi omusha emnyango. Umdlavuza uhlala ekujuleni kuka-0,5 kuya ku-3,0 m. Izindawo ezingcono kakhulu zokwakhiwa kwezindlu zithathwa abesilisa abakhulu, okungafanele kuhlale kwabesilisa nabesifazane ababuthakathaka. Intsha ihlala emanzini angashoni eduze nogu ngokwalo, ngaphansi kwamatshe, amahlamvu kanye namagatsha.

Umdlavuza endleleni yawo yempilo uyingcweti. Umuntu ngamunye unohlobo oluthile lwendawo yokukhosela oluvikela ezihlotsheni. Ngesikhathi sasemini, inkalankala isendaweni yokukhosela, ivala umnyango wayo ngezinzipho. Ebona ukuthi kunengozi, ahlehle ngokushesha, ayongena egodini. I-crayfish iyaphuma iyofuna ukudla lapho kuhwalala, futhi esimweni sezulu esinamafu - ntambama. Ivamise ukuhamba emanzini ebusuku izinzipho zayo zelulelwe phambili nomsila wayo ubambe uqonde, kodwa uma yethukile, izobhukuda ngokushesha ibuyele emuva ngamagalelo anamandla omsila. Ngokuvamile kunenkolelo yokuthi umdlavuza uhlala endaweni eyodwa. Nokho, ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, ama-crayfish amakiwe awela egiyeni ngamakhulu amamitha ukusuka ezindaweni lapho amakwe khona.

Growth

Izinga lokukhula kwe-crayfish lincike kakhulu ekushiseni nasekubunjweni kwamanzi, ukutholakala kokudla kanye nokuminyana kwe-crayfish endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Amazinga okukhula kwe-crayfish ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi ahlukile. Kodwa ngisho nasechibini elilodwa unyaka nonyaka akudingekile, okuningi kuncike ekushiseni kwamanzi. Ehlobo lokuqala nelesibili lokuphila, abesilisa nabesifazane banezinga elifanayo lokukhula, kodwa ekupheleni kwehlobo lesithathu, noma unyaka wesibili wokuphila, abesilisa ngokwesilinganiso sebevele bakhulu kunabesifazane. Ezimweni zaseningizimu yeFinland, i-crayfish ifinyelela ubude obuyi-1,4-2,2 cm ekupheleni kwehlobo lokuqala, i-2,5-4,0 cm ekupheleni kwehlobo lesibili, no-4,5-6,0; 10 cm ekupheleni kwehlobo lesithathu. ubukhulu obuvunyelwe ukubamba (i-6 cm) bufinyelelwa abesilisa abaneminyaka engu-7-1 ubudala, abesifazane abaneminyaka engu-8-XNUMX ubudala. Emanzini anokudla okwanele kwe-crayfish nangaphansi kwezinye izimo ezivumayo, i-crayfish ingafinyelela ubukhulu obuvunyelwe ukudoba iminyaka emibili ngaphambi kwesikhathi esibonisiwe, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle - eminyakeni eminingana kamuva.

Abantu bavame ukubuza ukuthi i-crayfish ingakhula kangakanani. Umeluleki wezokudoba u-Brofeldt ngo-1911 waphawula ukuthi edolobheni laseKangasala kwakukhona ama-specimens angu-16-17 cm ubude, nakuba ngaleso sikhathi ama-crayfish anjalo ayebanjwe kancane kancane. I-Suomalainen ibike ukuthi i-crayfish engu-1908-12,5 cm ubude ebanjwe ku-13 yayiyizibonelo ezimaphakathi. Lobu bufakazi bubukeka njengezinganekwane kithi - ama-crayfish akudingeki abe mkhulu kangako. Ngo-1951, umagazini we-Seura wayengumhleli womncintiswano - ozobamba i-crayfish enkulu kakhulu ehlobo. Ophumelele kwaba oqhudelana naye owabamba inkalankala engu-17,5 cm ubude, kwaze kwafika esihlokweni sozipho - 28,3 cm, isisindo esingu-165 g. I-crayfish yayinozipho olulodwa kuphela, okuchaza isisindo sayo esiphansi. Kungabhekwa njengokumangazayo ukuthi owesifazane waphenduka umdlavuza omkhulu. Esikhundleni sesibili kwakukhona iduna, ubude bayo buyi-16,5 cm, futhi ezihlokweni zezinzipho - 29,9 cm. Lesi sifanekiso sinesisindo esingama-225 g. Ezinye izibonelo ze-crayfish ebanjwe 17,0-17,5 cm ubude zaziwa ezincwadini. Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi, ngokusho kososayensi wase-Estonia u-Järvekulgin, i-crayfish yesilisa engaphezu kuka-16 cm ubude nesisindo esingu-150 g, kanye ne-crayfish yesifazane engaphezu kuka-12 cm ubude nesisindo esingama-80-85 g, ayivelakancane kakhulu. Ngokusobala, owesifazane owabanjwa eFinland ngo-1951 angase abhekwe njengomdondoshiya.

Kuthiwani ngeminyaka yezinkalankala? Ziphila isikhathi esingakanani izinkalankala? Kuze kube manje, ayikho indlela enembe ngokwanele yokunquma iminyaka ye-crayfish, efana nendlela iminyaka yenhlanzi enqunywa ngayo. Ubude besikhathi sokuphila kwabantu be-crayfish buphoqeleka ukuthi bunqunywe ngokuqhathanisa amaqembu eminyaka yobudala noma amaqembu e-crayfish anobude obufanayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, akunakwenzeka ukucacisa ngokunembile iminyaka yesampula eyodwa enkulu. Kukhona ulwazi ezincwadini mayelana nomdlavuza ofinyelela eminyakeni engu-20 ubudala.

I-Molting

I-Crayfish ikhula, njengokungathi, ngokugxuma kanye nemingcele - lapho ishintsha igobolondo. I-Molting iyisikhathi esibalulekile empilweni ye-crayfish, ngalesi sikhathi kukhona ukuvuselelwa okuphelele kwezitho zabo. Ngaphezu kwesembozo se-chitinous, kokubili ungqimba olungaphezulu lwe-retina namagill, kanye nongqimba olungaphezulu oluyisivikelo lwama-appendages omlomo kanye nezingxenye zezitho zokugaya, ziyabuyekezwa. Ngaphambi kokuncibilika, inkalankala izifihla emgodini wayo izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa isikhunta ngokwaso senzeka endaweni evulekile, hhayi emgodini. Ukushintsha igobolondo kuthatha imizuzu emi-5-10 kuphela. Khona-ke umdlavuza ongenakuzivikela uvaleka isonto noma amabili, ngesikhathi sokuqina kwegobolondo, endaweni yokukhosela. Ngalesi sikhathi, akadli, akanyakazi, futhi-ke, akaweli egiyeni.

Usawoti we-calcium uphuma egazini ungene egobolondweni elisha bese ulimithisa. Ngaphambi kokuncibilika, zinqwabelana zibe ukwakheka okuqinile okusaqanda okutholakala ku-crayfish esiswini. Kwesinye isikhathi uma bedla umdlavuza, bangabonwa.

I-moulting kwenzeka kuphela ngenkathi efudumele. Ehlobo lokuqala lokuphila, umdlavuza uqhuma izikhathi ezingu-4-7, kuye ngezimo zokukhula, ehlobo lesibili izikhathi ezingu-3-4, ehlobo lesithathu izikhathi ezingu-3 nasehlobo lesine izikhathi ezingu-2. Abesilisa abadala molt izikhathi 1-2 isizini, futhi abesifazane esefinyelele ukuthomba, njengomthetho, kanye. Eduze komngcele osenyakatho wokusatshalaliswa kwe-crayfish, ezinye izinsikazi zi-molt njalo ngonyaka wesibili.

Ukuncibilika kwabesilisa, kanye nabesifazane abangenawo amaqanda ngaphansi kwemisila yabo, kwenzeka ekupheleni kukaJuni; ezinsikazi ezithwele amaqanda - kuphela lapho izibungu ziphuma emaqandeni futhi zihlukana nomama. Eningizimu yeFinland, lezi zinsikazi ngokuvamile zishintsha igobolondo lazo ekuqaleni kuka-July, kanti enyakatho yeFinland, i-molt yazo idlulela ku-August.

Uma kuqala ihlobo kubanda, i-molt ingase iphuze amasonto ambalwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, lapho inkathi yokudoba iqala (kusukela ngoJulayi 21), igobolondo ingase ingakaqini, futhi i-crayfish ngeke ingene egiyeni.

Ukukhiqiza

I-crayfish yesilisa ifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi cishe ngo-6-7 cm, abesifazane - 8 cm. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nezinsikazi ezingama-7 cm ubude, ezithwele amaqanda ngaphansi kwemisila yazo. Abesilisa e-Finland bafinyelela ekuvuthweni kwezocansi eminyakeni engu-3-4 (okuhambisana nezinkathi zeminyaka engu-4-5), nabesifazane eminyakeni engu-4-6 (okuhambisana nezinkathi zeminyaka engu-5-7).

Ukuvuthwa ngokobulili kwe-crayfish kunganqunywa ngokuphakamisa igobolondo layo elingemuva ngesineke. Kumuntu wesilisa osefinyelele ukuthomba, ama-curls ama-tubules amhlophe abonakala emsila ngaphansi "kwesikhumba" esincane. Umbala omhlophe wama-tubules, ngezinye izikhathi ophuthazwa ngama-parasites, ubangelwa uketshezi olukuwo. Ngaphansi kwegobolondo lensikazi, amaqanda ayabonakala, ukusuka kuwolintshi ophaphathekile kuya kunsundu ngokubomvu, kuye ngezinga lokukhula kwawo. Ukuthomba kwensikazi nakho kunganqunywa yimigqa emhlophe enqamula i-carapace yomsila ongezansi. Lezi yizindlala zamafinyila ezikhipha into amaqanda abese enamathela emilenzeni yomsila.

Ukukhwelana kwe-Crayfish kwenzeka ekwindla, ngoSepthemba-Okthoba. Ama-Crayfish awabutheli, njengezinhlanzi, ukuze azalele, ukuvundiswa kwawo kwenzeka ezindaweni zawo ezivamile. Eyeduna iphendulela insikazi emhlane wayo ngezinzipho ezinkulu futhi inamathisele ama-spermatophores endaweni yobulili yensikazi ngendlela yechashaza elimhlophe elingunxantathu. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, noma ngisho namasonto, insikazi, ilele ngomhlane, izalela amaqanda. Ezimweni zaseFinland, insikazi ivame ukubeka amaqanda angama-50 kuya kwayi-1, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuze kufike ku-50. Amaqanda awahlukani nensikazi, kodwa ahlala e-gelatinous mass ekhishwa yizindlala zayo.

Ngaphansi komsila wensikazi, amaqanda akhula kuze kube sekuqaleni kwehlobo elilandelayo. Ebusika, inani lamaqanda liyancipha kakhulu ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwemishini kanye nokutheleleka kwefungal. Engxenyeni eseningizimu yeFinland, izibungu zichanyuselwa engxenyeni yokuqala kaJulayi, engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe - engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi, kuye ngokushisa kwamanzi ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Izibungu sezivele zingu-9-11 mm ubude lapho ziphuma emaqandeni futhi zifana kakhulu ne-crayfish encane. Kodwa iqolo lazo libanzi futhi libanzi, kanti umsila nezitho akuthuthukisiwe kakhulu kunezinhlanzi ezincane. Izibungu zihlala izinsuku ezingaba yi-10 ngaphansi komsila kamama zize zimunce i-yolk ebomvu ekhanyayo kuze kube sekugcineni. Ngemva kwalokho, bahlukaniswa nonina futhi baqale ukuphila kokuzimela.

Ukudla

Cancer - i-omnivore. Idla izitshalo, ama-benthic organisms, ishwabadela ngisho nezihlobo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezikhukhulayo noma ezisanda kuchitha ngakho-ke azikwazi ukuzivikela. Kodwa ukudla okuyinhloko kuseyimifino, noma kunalokho, eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, i-crayfish idla kakhulu izinto eziphilayo ezingaphansi futhi kancane kancane ishintshela ekudleni kokutshala. Ukudla okuyinhloko izibungu zezinambuzane, ikakhulukazi omiyane abanyakazayo, neminenke. Izingane ezineminyaka yokuqala zidla ngokuzithandela ama-plankton, amazeze amanzi, njll.

Umdlavuza awusibulali noma ukhubaze isisulu saso, kodwa, uma usibamba ngezinzipho, uyasiluma, usiluma sinqamuke isiqeshana ngezingxenye ezicijile zomlomo. Umdlavuza omncane ungadla isibungu somiyane esingamasentimitha ambalwa ubude cishe imizuzu emibili.

Kunombono wokuthi umdlavuza, ukudla i-caviar nenhlanzi, kulimaza imboni yezinhlanzi. Kodwa lolu lwazi lusekelwe kakhulu ekuqageleni kunamaqiniso. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka lamanje, u-TX Yarvi wabonisa ukuthi kulawo machibi lapho i-crayfish yethulwa khona, inani lezinhlanzi alizange linciphe, futhi emachibini lapho ubhubhane lwabhubhisa khona i-crayfish, inani lezinhlanzi alizange likhule. Ayikho i-crayfish engu-1300 eyabanjwa ucwaningo emifuleni emibili eyadla izinhlanzi, nakuba zaziningi futhi ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Akuwona lowomdlavuza kodwa uyakwazi ukubamba izinhlanzi. Ukunyakaza kwakhe kancane kuyakhohlisa, uyakwazi ukubamba isisulu ngokushesha nangokunembile ngezinzipho. Ingxenye engabalulekile yezinhlanzi ekudleni kwe-crayfish ngokusobala ibangelwa ukuthi izinhlanzi azibhukudi eduze nezindawo zokuhlala ze-crayfish. Izinhlanzi ezingasebenzi, ezigulayo noma ezilimele, umdlavuza, yiqiniso, uyakwazi ukudla ngobuningi futhi uhlanze ngokuphumelelayo phansi kwe-reservoir kusuka ezinhlanzi ezifile.

Izitha ze-crayfish

Umdlavuza unezitha eziningi phakathi kwezinhlanzi nezilwane ezincelisayo, nakuba uvikelwe kahle yigobolondo. I-eel, i-burbot, i-perch kanye ne-pike idla ngokuzithandela ama-crayfish, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi se-molt yabo. I-eel, engakwazi ukungena kalula emgodini we-crayfish, iyisitha esiyingozi kunazo zonke kubantu abakhulu. Kuma-crustaceans amancane ahlala emanzini asogwini, inyamazane eyingozi kakhulu i-perch. Izibungu nezinsana ze-crayfish nazo zidliwa yi-roach, i-bream nezinye izinhlanzi ezidla izilwane ezingaphansi.

Ezilwaneni ezincelisayo, izitha ezidume kakhulu ze-crayfish yi-muskrat ne-mink. Ezindaweni zokudla zalezi zilwane, eduze nosebe lwamadamu, ungathola inqwaba yemfucuza yazo yokudla - amagobolondo e-crustacean. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwakho konke, akuzona izinhlanzi nezilwane ezincelisayo ezibhubhisa ama-crayfish, kodwa isifo se-crayfish.

ukubamba inkalankala

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-crayfish abanjwe kakade ezikhathini zasendulo. Kuze kube yiNkathi Ephakathi, zazisetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha. Umlotha we-crayfish eshisiwe welulekwa ukuthi ufafaze amanxeba ekulunyweni kwenja enesifo esibi, inyoka kanye ne-scorpion. Kukhona ama-crayfish abilisiwe nawo ayenqunyelwe izinjongo zokwelapha, isibonelo, ngokukhathala.

Kusukela ezincwadini zomlando kuyaziwa ukuthi enkantolo yasebukhosini yaseSweden kakade ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX. unikeze ukuhlolwa okufanele kokunambitheka kwe-crayfish. Ngokwemvelo, izikhulu zaseFinland zaqala ukulingisa izikhulu zasebukhosini. Abalimi babamba futhi bahambise ama-crayfish ezicukuthwaneni, kodwa bona baphatha “isilo esihlomile” ngokungasithembi okukhulu.

Isikhathi sokudoba ama-crayfish eFinland siqala ngoJulayi 21 futhi siqhubeke kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili kaSepthemba, ukubanjwa kuyancishiswa. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ukubamba i-crayfish kumiswa amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuvinjelwa, ngoba ekwindla ngasekupheleni kwekwindla inyama ye-crayfish ilahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwayo, futhi igobolondo liba nzima futhi libe nzima.

Ukudoba ama-Crayfish ekuqaleni kwenkathi kuncike kakhulu ekushiseni kwamanzi. Uma uMeyi noJuni kufudumele futhi izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphezulu, khona-ke ukuncibilika kokubili kwabesilisa nabesifazane kuphelelwa yisikhathi ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokudoba. Kulokhu, ukubanjwa kuhle kusukela ekuqaleni. Ehlobo elibandayo, i-molting ingase iphuze, futhi i-crayfish iqala ukuhamba ngemva kokuqina kwegobolondo kuphela ekupheleni kukaJulayi. Njengomthetho, eningizimu yeFinland ekuqaleni kwenkathi, ama-crayfish ahlala ebanjwa kangcono kunasenyakatho, lapho ukucwiliswa kwe-crayfish kwenzeka kamuva.

Izindlela zokudoba kanye nemishini

Mayelana nokwandiswa kokudoba ngenetha, ezinye izindlela zokubamba ama-crayfish zihlala ngemuva noma zikhohliwe ngokuphelele. Kodwa nokho, i-crayfish ingabanjwa ngezindlela eziningi, ezingelula kangako, kodwa ezithakazelisa ngokujabulisayo kuma-amateurs.

Ukubamba ngezandla

Ukubamba i-crayfish ngezandla zakho kuyindlela yokuqala futhi, ngokusobala, indlela yakudala kakhulu. Umbambi uhamba ngokucophelela emanzini futhi ubheka ngaphansi kwamatshe, iziqu zezihlahla, uphakamisa amagatsha lapho inkalankala ecasha ngaphansi kwayo emini. Ebona umdlavuza, azame ukuwubamba ngokushesha aze acashe endaweni yokukhosela noma abaleke. Ngokwemvelo, le ndlela yokudoba ayifanele labo abesaba izinzipho. Ukubanjwa okukhulu kwenzeka ebumnyameni, lapho inkalankala eshiye izindawo zokukhosela ingabanjwa ngokukhanyisa ngaphansi kwechibi ngelambu. Ezikhathini zakudala, kwakubaswa umlilo ogwini ukuze kuhungwe izinkalankala. Ngendlela elula kangaka, eduze nogu phansi kwedwala, lapho kukhona ama-crayfish amaningi, ungakwazi ukubamba amakhulu abo.

Ungabamba i-crayfish ngezandla zakho kuphela uma ukujula kwamanzi kungengaphezu kuka-1,5 m. Ukuze ubambe ama-crayfish emanzini ajulile, nasemachibini anamanzi ahlanzekile ekujuleni kwamamitha ambalwa, okuthiwa ama-crayfish mite asetshenziswa eFinland. Lezi zikhonkwane zokhuni zibamba kalula futhi ziphakamise ama-crayfish emanzini. Imikhaza ingaba yimitha eyodwa ukuya kwezimbalwa ubude. Ukuvimbela izibungu ukuthi zingawulimazi umdlavuza, zingenziwa zibe umgodi.

Idivaysi elula iyinduku ende, ekugcineni lapho ukuhlukaniswa kwenziwa khona, futhi kwandiswe ngetshe elincane noma induku yokhuni. Akunakwenzeka ukudonsa i-crayfish emanzini ngenduku enjalo, icindezela kuphela phansi bese iphakanyiswa ngesandla. Ukubamba ngemikhaza kudinga ikhono elikhulu, njengoba inkalankala, lapho nje izwa ingozi, ibaleka ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngenxa yobuvila babo, abantu baseFinland abazange basebenzise imikhaza njengethuluzi lokudoba, futhi ayengasetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukungathandwa kwale ndlela yokudoba,. ngokusobala, kubuye kuhlotshaniswe neqiniso lokuthi emanzini amnyama amachibi aseFinnish kunzima ukubona umdlavuza, futhi uma idamu lijule kancane kunelincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukulibona.

Ukudoba ngaphansi kwamanzi nakho kungokwale ndlela yokuvuna ama-crayfish. Kudinga izibuko ezikhethekile kanye neshubhu lokuphefumula. I-Crayfish emigodini ingakhishwa ngezandla ezifakwe amagilavu ​​noma iqoqwe kusuka phansi ebusuku. Lapho utshuza ebusuku, kufanele ube nethoshi, noma umlingani kufanele akhanyise phansi ukusuka ogwini noma esikebheni. Nakuba umtshuzi ebamba eduze nogu, izingozi ezihlukahlukene zihlezi zimlindile. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi umlingani abe semsebenzini ogwini futhi abheke inqubekelaphambili yokudoba.

Isibonelo sokubamba izandla ngaphansi kwamanzi - Ividiyo

Ukudoba ama-crayfish

Ngezindlela zokudoba ezicatshangelwayo, ama-bait awasetshenziswa nhlobo. Ukubamba lapho udoba ngaphandle kwama-baits njalo kuncike ekuthumeni, futhi asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi uzobamba ama-crayfish. Ngokusebenzisa ama-bait, ukudoba kuba yimpumelelo. I-bait inamathisela i-crayfish egiyeni futhi iyigcine ezindaweni zokubamba.

I-Crayfish eqoqwe eduze kwe-bait ingathathwa ngezandla zakho noma ngenetha. Kodwa enye indlela “ethuthukisiwe” yokudoba iwukudoba, lapho inkalankala ibambelela khona esitokisini esiboshelwe ekugcineni kwentambo yokudoba noma esisekelweni sodondolo, ibambelele esitheni kuze kube yilapho icoshwa ngenetha futhi. wakhipha emanzini. Ukudoba ama-crayfish kuyahluka ekudobeni izinhlanzi ngoba azisebenzisi izingwegwe futhi inkalankala iyakwazi ukuqaqa noma nini.

Intambo yokudoba iboshwe endukwini engu-1-2 m ubude, futhi i-bait iboshwe emgqeni wokudoba. Uhlangothi olucijile lwenduku lunamathele phansi echibini noma emfuleni eduze nosebe noma endaweni emthambekeni osogwini. I-bait ibekwe endaweni efanele yokuxhunyelelwa umdlavuza.

Umbambisi angasebenzisa kanyekanye izinduku zokudoba eziningana, ngisho nezinqwaba. Inombolo yabo incike kakhulu ekumineni kwe-crayfish echibini, umsebenzi we-zhora wabo kanye nokunikezwa kwemibhobho. Ngokomcwaningi waseSweden u-S. Abrahamsson, okunamathiselwe kudonsela inkalankala emanzini amile endaweni engaba ngu-13 sq.m. Ngakho-ke, akunangqondo ukubeka amagiya kaningi kunebanga elingamamitha angu-5 ukusuka kwelinye futhi ungekho eduze kuka-2,5 m ukusuka ogwini. Imvamisa, izinduku zibambeke ebangeni elingamamitha angu-5-10 ukusuka kwenye, ezindaweni ezibambekayo kaningi, ezindaweni ezingabambeki kakhulu - kancane kancane.

Kusihlwa nasebusuku, kuye ngokuthi i-zhor, izinduku zokudoba zibhekwa izikhathi eziningana, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngehora. Indawo yokudoba akufanele idlule i-100-200 m ubude, ukuze ukwazi ukuhlola izinduku zokudoba ngesikhathi, kuze kube yilapho i-crayfish inesikhathi sokudla i-bait. Uma kusihlwa ukubamba kuncipha, udinga ukuthuthela endaweni entsha. Lapho uhlola izinti zokudoba, induku ikhishwa ngokucophelela ngaphansi futhi induku yokudoba iphakanyiswa kancane kancane futhi ngokushelelayo kangangokuthi i-crayfish ebambelele echibini ayinqamuki, kodwa iphakama nayo eduze kwamanzi, lapho inyamazane icoshwa ngokucophelela ngezansi inetha lehliselwe emanzini. Ukudoba kungakhiqiza kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-crayfish angu-10-12 angakhishwa ngesikhathi. Indawo enyakazayo yenduku, lapho kuboshelwe khona intambo yokudoba, ikhombisa ukuthi inkalankala ihlasele isilo,

I-Zakidushka ne-zherlitsa uhlobo olufanayo lokubhekana nenduku yokudoba. Bavame ukubopha isiyelo odongeni lokudoba oluyimitha elingu-1,5, kanye nentanta komunye umkhawulo. I-siker iboshelwe endaweni yokungena eduze kwesiheho.

Okubizwa ngokuthi induku ye-crayfish ihluke kwintonga yokudoba ngokuthi ucezu olufushane lwentambo yokudoba luboshelwe endukwini noma intambo yokudoba ayisetshenziswa nhlobo. Kulesi simo, i-bait ixhunywe ngqo ekugcineni okuphansi kwenduku. Induku inamathele phansi endaweni yokudoba ngendlela yokuthi i-bait ilele ngokukhululekile phansi.

Inqubo yokubamba nge-hook, i-zherlitse kanye nenduku ye-crayfish iyafana nokubamba ngenduku yokudoba. Badoba ama-crayfish ngawo wonke la magiya ngendlela efanayo nenhlanzi. Umdobi ugcina induku ezandleni zakhe ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi, ezwa ukuthi inkalankala ibambe isiheho, ayidonse ngokucophelela kanye nesiheho phezu kwamanzi, eduze nogu, futhi ngesinye isandla sakhe ifaka inetha ngaphansi. inhlanzi. Ngale ndlela babamba, isibonelo, eFrance - kukhona indandatho eboshelwe ekupheleni komugqa wokudoba ukuze bafake i-bait kuyo.

I-Racevni

I-Rachevni manje isetshenziswa kabanzi. I-Rachevnya iyi-cylindrical mesh enwetshiwe phezu kwe-hoop eyindilinga yensimbi. Amahophu okwamanje enziwe ngocingo oluthathiwe. Ngaphambili, zenziwe nge-willow noma amahlumela e-cherry yezinyoni, futhi itshe, ucezu lwensimbi noma isikhwama sesihlabathi sasiboshwe phakathi nendawo yegridi yokudonsa. Ububanzi be-hoop ngokuvamile bungama-50 cm. Izintambo ezintathu noma ezine ezincanyana ezinobude obufanayo ziboshelwe ku-hoop ebangeni elilinganayo ukuze ugweme ukusonta uqweqwe, futhi uzixhume ngefindo elivamile, ku-loop okufakwe kuyo intambo enamandla ukuze kwehliswe futhi kukhuliswe igiya. . Uma ibanjwe ogwini, intambo ixhunywe esigxotsheni. I-bait iboshelwe enetheni, entanjeni enwetshiwe ngobubanzi be-hoop noma induku encane, futhi ifakwe ku-hoop, futhi ugibe lwehliselwa phansi. Intambo yokukhipha i-crustacean iboshelwe ku-buoy noma esigxotsheni esinamathiselwe emthambekeni wosebe. Ukudoba izinkalankala kusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi inkalankala, ebambelele esidlelweni, ayikwazi ukuphuma ogibeni lapho ikhishwa emanzini. U-Rachevny akufanele angabaze ukuphakamisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungenzeka ukudoba nge-corovni eziningana, ezibekwe komunye nomunye kude no-5-10 m.

Ungabamba kanjani futhi kuphi i-crayfish

Ukuze ubambe ama-crayfish ayelungile, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungawabamba kanjani futhi kuphi. Ukuhamba kwe-crayfish kuncike ekukhanyeni kwamanzi. Emanzini amnyama angadluliseli ukukhanya kahle, i-tackle ingafakwa ekuseni kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphambi kwamahora angu-15-16. Ukubanjwa okucebile kakhulu emanzini anjalo kusihlwa, futhi phakathi kwamabili kuyehla, njengoba umsebenzi we-crayfish uyancipha. Emanzini ahlanzekile, akufanele uqale ukubamba ama-crayfish ngaphambi kokuhlwa, ukubamba kuyaqhubeka kukhula kuze kube phakathi kwamabili ngisho nangemva kwamabili. Ngemva kobumnyama bobusuku, i-zhor entsha iyaphawulwa, kodwa ibuthakathaka kuneyakusihlwa.

Ezinye izici eziningi nazo zinomthelela ekusebenzeni kokunyakaza kwe-crayfish. Esimweni sezulu esiguqubele, ukudoba kungaqalwa kusenesikhathi kunesimo sezulu esicwathile. Ukubanjwa okuhle kakhulu kwe-crayfish kusebusuku obufudumele, obumnyama, kanye nesimo sezulu sezulu. Izinhlanzi ezibanjwayo ziba mpofu uma kunenkungu ebandayo nobusuku obukhanyayo, kanye nangaphansi kwenyanga. Kuphazamise ukudoba kanye nokuduma kwezulu.

Izicupho zivame ukubekwa ekujuleni kwe-1-XNUMXm, kepha uma uhlaza oludliwe ama-crayfish futhi phansi okufanele indawo yokuhlala kusezindaweni ezijulile, ungazama ukubamba ekujuleni kwamamitha ambalwa. I-Crayfish ihlala ijulile emanzini alula kunasemanzini amnyama. Kungcono ukuwabamba emachibini anamatshe noma amatshe phansi, ezindaweni zamatshe ezishiyiwe, amabhuloho, ngaphansi kwama-snags, emabhange aphakeme nangaphansi kwemithambeka yogu kusukela phansi, efanelekile ukumba imigodi.

Ebusuku, ngesikhathi sokubanjwa, i-crayfish ayilinganiswa noma ihlungwe, ngoba ebumnyameni kuthatha isikhathi esiningi futhi ibambezela ukubamba. Ama-crayfish aqoqwa ezitsheni ezinemiphetho ephansi, ewumqansa kanye nephansi elibanzi ukuze angabekwa endaweni ewugqinsi. Akufanele kube namanzi phansi kwesitsha.

Kuhle kakhulu ukukala ubude be-crayfish ngenduku yokulinganisa, lapho kukhona ikhefu esimweni sengemuva le-crayfish. Ubude benduku buyi-10 cm. I-crayfish encane engaphansi kuka-10 cm ngosayizi iyakhethwa futhi ibuyiselwe emanzini. Kunconywa ukuthi bakhishwe emanzini kude nendawo yokudoba, ukuze bangaphinde babanjwe futhi balimala ngokungadingekile.

Ukugcinwa nokuthuthwa kwe-crayfish

Ngokuvamile, i-crayfish ebanjwe kufanele igcinwe isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokudliwa. Ngokuvamile zigcinwa emakhejini. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuze kutholakale izifo ezithathelwanayo ezingase zibe khona, ama-crayfish emakhejini kufanele agcinwe emanzini lapho abanjwe khona. Amabhokisi aphansi enziwe ngamabhodi, ezindongeni okubhobolwa kuzo izimbobo, noma amabhokisi anezikhala, azibonakalise engcono kakhulu njengamakheji. Ama-Crayfish agcinwe kahle emakhejini enziwe ngamapulangwe noma anezikhala zensimbi.

I-Crayfish kufanele igcinwe emakhejini isikhathi esincane ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba idlana, ikakhulukazi abantu abangenakuzisiza. Lapho ugcina ama-crayfish izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-1-2 emakhejini, kufanele zondliwe ukuze zigcinwe kangcono futhi zihlaselane kancane. Ukudla okuvamile yizinhlanzi ezintsha. Inhlanzi ingakwazi futhi ukuphakelwa izimbabazane, amaqabunga e-alder, amazambane, iziqu zephizi, nokunye ukudla kwezitshalo. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi i-crayfish ilwela izinhlanzi izikhathi eziningi kunokudla kwezitshalo. Kulezi zimpi, balahlekelwa izinzipho bese bethola ukulimala okunye. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kungcono ukondla i-crayfish ngokudla kwemifino emakhejini.

Ama-Crayfish ngokuvamile athuthwa ngaphandle kwamanzi, ngamabhokisi avulekile. Obhasikidi be-Wicker basebenza ngokukhethekile, njengamabhokisi okhuni, amakhadibhodi kanye nepulasitiki, inqobo nje uma benezimbobo zomoya ezanele.

Ama-Crayfish afakwa emabhokisini angaba ngu-15 cm ukuphakama emgqeni owodwa kuphela. Phansi kwamabhokisi, kanye naphezu kwe-crayfish, kunconywa ukubeka ungqimba lwe-moss emanzi, utshani, izimbabazane, izitshalo zasemanzini, njll. Emabhokisini aphakeme, amashalofu aphakathi enziwe ngama-slats ukuze izingqimba. ye-crayfish ayilingani ngokuqinile komunye nomunye. Angathuthwa ngokuphepha futhi ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa okuphakathi, anezingqimba eziguquliwe zolembu obumanzi. Faka ama-crayfish emabhokisini bese uwamboza ngo-moss ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba aqale ukuhamba. Uma ama-crayfish eqala ukukhombisa umsebenzi, azoqoqana ngokushesha abe yinqwaba emakhoneni ebhokisi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inkalankala ingambozwa amanzi aqoqwe phansi ebhokisini.

Lapho uthutha ama-crayfish ekushiseni kwehlobo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinga lokushisa emabhokisini linganyuki kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukumboza amabhokisi avela elangeni eliqondile, ubeke izikhwama zeqhwa ezizungeze amabhokisi, njll Ekushiseni kwe-crayfish, kungcono ukuthutha ebusuku. Ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifunayo ngaphakathi, amabhokisi angakhushulwa ngaphandle nganoma iyiphi into eyomile.

Ngokuncoma kwamaJalimane, i-crayfish kufanele yome isigamu sosuku ngemuva kokubanjwa ngaphambi kokufakwa emabhokisini. Kukhona nombono wokuthi i-crayfish ibekezelela ukuthutha kangcono uma ingakaze ikuthole ukudla isikhathi eside ngaphambili.

Imisebenzi eyinhloko yokunakekelwa kwe-crayfish emanzini emvelo yile: - ukuqedwa kwezifo zomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi isifo somdlavuza; - ukuhambisana nezincomo zokubamba inkalankala; - ukufakelwa kabusha kwe-crayfish; - ukunciphisa inani lezinhlobo zokhula endaweni yokugcina amanzi; - ukuthuthukisa indawo yokuhlala ye-crayfish.

Umsebenzi wawo wonke umthandi we-crayfish ukufaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwasendaweni kwalolu bhubhane, ukuvimbela ukuthi lungasabalali kabanzi, ukulandela izincomo ezenzelwe lezi zimo.

Ukudoba ama-crayfish okujulile kungenye yezindlela ezisebenzayo zokwandisa inani le-crayfish echibini. Njengoba i-crayfish ifinyelela ekuvuthweni kobulili kakade ubude buka-7-8 cm, futhi usayizi omncane ovunyelwe ukubamba i-crayfish ngu-10 cm, ukubamba i-crayfish ngobuningi ngeke kulimaze imfuyo yabo endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho abantu abakhulu nabakhula kancane abahlala ezindaweni ezingcono kakhulu besuswa echibini, ukukhiqizwa kwe-crayfish kuyashesha. Izinsikazi ezinamaqanda nama-crustaceans kufanele zikhishwe ngokushesha emanzini.

Abantu abangaba ngu-8-9 cm ubude, asebefinyelele ukuthomba, bafanele ukuhlaliswa kabusha. Ukuzinza kufanele kwenziwe kungakapheli u-Agasti, ukuze i-crayfish ibe nesikhathi sokujwayela endaweni entsha ngaphambi kokukhwelana kanye nokuqala kobusika.

Ukubamba I-Crayfish - Ividiyo