Ikhofi laziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo; ivela ku-Ethiopia Kaffa ukuthi ivela futhi negama layo. Kukuleli dolobha lapho kwatholakala khona izinhlamvu zezihlahla zekhofi, izimbuzi zasendaweni ezazithanda ukuzidla. Izinhlamvu zaba nethonya eliqinisayo kubo, futhi abelusi bawuqoqa ngokushesha lo mbono, basebenzisa ikhofi ukuwaphimisa. Izinhlamvu zamandla zazisetshenziswa futhi ngabahambeli abadlula e-Ethiopia.
Ikhofi laqala ukutshalwa ngekhulu lesi-7 endaweni ye-Yemen yanamuhla. Okokuqala, okusanhlamvu kwakuphekwa, kuphekwe, kufakwe ekudleni njengesinongo. Bese bezama ukwenza imishini yokuthambisa kubhontshisi bekhofi eluhlaza, baphuze uginindela - isiphuzo kwakuyi-geshir, manje le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukwenza ikhofi le-Yemeni.
Esikhathini somlando, lapho ama-Arabhu efika emazweni aseTopiya, ilungelo lokusebenzisa izithelo zezihlahla zekhofi ladluliselwa kubo. Ekuqaleni, ama-Arabhu awazange aqhamuke nokuthile okusha ngendlela yokugaya okusanhlamvu okuluhlaza, ukuwahlanganise nebhotela, ukugoqele emabhola bese ukuhambisa emgwaqweni ukugcina amandla. Noma kunjalo, isidlo esinjalo sasinempilo futhi simnandi, ngoba ubhontshisi wekhofi oluhlaza unezakhi zamantongomane, futhi ngaphezu kokujabula, lokhu kudla kuyanelisa ngokuphelele indlala yomhambi.
Emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva, ubhontshisi wekhofi ekugcineni uthole ukuthi ungosa kanjani, ugaye futhi ulungise isiphuzo njengoba sazi namuhla. Ikhulu le-11 libhekwa njengendawo yokuqala yokwenza isiphuzo sekhofi. Ikhofi lase-Arabia lalilungiswa ngamakhambi nezinongo - ujinja, isinamoni, nobisi.
Ikhofi laseTurkey
Maphakathi nekhulu le-15, ikhofi linqoba iTurkey. AmaTurkey ahehayo awaphuthelwa yithuba lokwenza ibhizinisi ngekhofi futhi avule isitolo sokuqala sekhofi emhlabeni. Ngenxa yokuthandwa kakhulu kwezindlu zekhofi, izikhulu zesonto zaze zaqalekisa lesi siphuzo egameni lomprofethi, zinethemba lokubonisana namakholwa futhi zibabuyisele emathempelini ngomkhuleko, esikhundleni sokuhlala amahora amaningi emcimbini wekhofi.
Ngo-1511, ukusetshenziswa kwekhofi nakho kwakwenqatshelwe eMecca ngesinqumo. Kepha ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa nokwesaba ukujeziswa, ikhofi belidakwa kakhulu futhi lihlale lizama nokulungiswa nokwenza isiphuzo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isonto laguquka lisuka entukuthelweni laba yisihe.
Ngekhulu le-16, iziphathimandla zaseTurkey zaphinde zakhathazeka ngokuhlanya kwekhofi. Kubonakale sengathi ikhofi linomthelela okhethekile kulabo abaliphuzayo, ukwahlulela kwaba namandla kakhulu futhi kwaba nomoya okhululekile, futhi baqala ukuhleba ngezindaba zepolitiki kaningi. Izitolo zekhofi zavalwa futhi ikhofi laphinde lavalwa, kwaze kwaba sekubulaweni, abeza nakho konke okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kososayensi, umuntu othanda ikhofi angathungwa ephila esikhwameni sekhofi aphonswe olwandle.
Noma kunjalo, ubuciko bekhofi babukhula, amaqhugwane ajwayelekile lapho kwakuphekwa khona iziphuzo aqala ukuphenduka izitolo zekhofi ezithokomele, izindlela zokupheka zashintsha, zaba ngokuya ngokuhlukahluka, insizakalo eyengeziwe yavela - ngenkomishi yekhofi umuntu wayengakhululeka kumasofa anethezekile, adlale i-chess , badlale amakhadi noma baxoxe ngenhliziyo. Isitolo sokuqala sekhofi savela ngo-1530 eDamaseku, eminyakeni emi-2 kamuva e-Algeria neminyaka emi-2 kamuva e-Istanbul.
Indlu yekhofi yase-Istanbul yabizwa nge- "Circle of Thinkers", futhi kungenxa yayo, kukhona umbono, wokuthi umdlalo odumile webhuloho wavela.
Isimo sezindlu zekhofi, lapho bekwazi ukubamba khona imihlangano, izingxoxo ezingasheshi, izingxoxo, zigcinwe kuze kube namuhla.
Ikhofi laseTurkey ngokwesiko lilungiswa esitsheni - iTurk noma i-cezve; kunambitheka kakhulu futhi kuyababa. Akazange abe nezimpande ezinjalo eRussia. Lapha wavela ngesikhathi sikaPeter I, owayekholelwa ukuthi ukuphuza ikhofi kusiza ukwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile futhi waphoqa bonke ababemhambela ukuba benze kanjalo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuphuza ikhofi kwaqala ukubhekwa njengophawu lokunambitheka okuhle, kanti abanye baze babekezelela ukunambitheka kwayo ngenxa yesimo nokuhambisana nemfashini entsha.
Izinhlobo zekhofi
Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zezihlahla zekhofi emhlabeni - i-Arabica, iRobusta, i-Exelia neLiberica. Izinhlobo zezihlahla Arabic ukufinyelela ubude bamamitha ayi-5-6, izithelo zivuthwa kungakapheli izinyanga eziyi-8. I-Arabica ikhula e-Ethiopia, eminye ikhuliswa osomabhizinisi bendawo, kanti okunye okuvunwayo kuvunwa ezingadini ezikhula endle.
URobusta - ikhofi elinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-caffeine, lifakwa kakhulu emixubeni yamandla amakhulu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, i-robusta iphansi ngokunambitheka nekhwalithi ku-Arabica. Ekutshalweni, izihlahla ze-robusta azinazwelo kakhulu futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela, kepha isivuno sazo siphezulu kakhulu.
I-liberica yase-Afrika ukumelana nezifo ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukuyikhulisa. Izithelo zeLiberica zitholakala nasemixubeni yekhofi.
Ikhofi le-Excelsa - izihlahla ezingafika kumamitha angama-20 ukuphakama! Uhlobo lwekhofi olwaziwa kakhulu, mhlawumbe, olungaziwa kakhulu futhi olungasetshenziswa njalo.
Ikhofi esheshayo yavela ngo-1901 ngesandla esilula se-American Japanese Satori Kato. Ekuqaleni, lesi siphuzo besinuka kamnandi futhi singanambitheki, kepha silula kakhulu ukusilungisa, ngakho-ke abantu baqala ukujwayela ukungagcwaliseki kwaso. Isibonelo, emikhankasweni yezempi ikhofi elinjalo kwakulula kakhulu ukulilungisa, kanti ne-caffeine, noma kunjalo, yadlala indima yayo ye-tonic.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iresiphi yekhofi esheshayo yashintsha, ngeminyaka yama-30s, ukunambitheka kwekhofi ekugcineni kwafakwa engqondweni eSwitzerland, futhi okokuqala, kwaphinda kwathandwa futhi phakathi kwamasosha alwayo.
Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, kwavela indlela entsha yokwenza ikhofi ngomshini wekhofi - i-espresso. Le ndlela yasungulwa eMilan ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiswa kwekhofi elihlwabusayo langempela futhi eliqinile akutholakali ezindlini zekhofi kuphela, ngokufika kwemishini yekhofi yasekhaya, lesi siphuzo esiqinisayo sizinze cishe kuwo wonke amakhaya.