Okuqukethwe
Konke mayelana ne-cod: igiya, izindlela nezici zokudoba
Inhlanzi enkulu yasenyakatho eyanikeza igama layo emndenini omkhulu wabameleli be-ichthyofauna. Ukubukeka kwezinhlanzi kwaziwa kahle. Kungumzimba omise okwepinki onekhanda elikhulu. Umlomo mkhulu, ukuba khona kwamazinyo aphinyisiwe kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-cod. Isici sesici cishe sayo yonke i-cod yi-barbel emhlathini ongezansi. Ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinhlanzi emndenini wama-cod, i-cod ngokwayo nayo inezinhlobo eziningana ze-subspecies. Njengoba kunikezwe ukufana kwangaphandle nezinye izinhlanzi ezinjenge-cod, amalungu amaningana omndeni abizwa ngokuthi i-cod, njengesibonelo, i-arctic cod, esondelene ngokuhlobene ne-cod (cod polar). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-genus Gadus (empeleni, i-cod) ihlanganisa i-Baltic, i-Atlantic, i-White Sea, i-Pacific, i-Greenland, i-cod emnyama nezinye. Ososayensi bahlukanisa izinhlobo zezinhlanzi hhayi nje kuphela ngezici ezingenzeka ze-morphological, kodwa futhi ngokuvumelana nendlela yabo yokuphila. Izimo zokuba khona kwezinhlanzi zingahluka kakhulu. Uma i-Atlantic cod ibonakala ngokuba khona emanzini aminyene angaphansi anosawoti olwandle olwandle lwase-Atlantic, khona-ke i-White Sea cod inganamathela ezingqimbeni eziphezulu zamanzi. Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo ze-cod ezifana ne-Baltic noLwandle Olumhlophe ziye zajwayela usawoti omncane wendawo yazo, okuyisici esibalulekile sezinhlobo zazo ezingaphansi. Iningi lezinhlobo zama-cod, nokho, azikwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezikhishwe usawoti olwandle, kuyilapho sekuqubuke inqwaba yabantu be-White Sea cod, ehlala emachibini aseziqhingini (i-Kildin Island, njll.), eyavela lapho amadamu exhunywe olwandle. Lapha, i-cod ihlala kuphela emanzini aphakathi nendawo, ngoba ephansi ibonakala ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen sulfide, kanti engenhla i-desalinated kakhulu. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, i-cod ihola indlela yokuphila ehlukile. Abanye, abahlezi kakhulu, abanye bahamba ngenkuthalo endaweni yeshalofu yolwandle, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufuduka kokuzala kuyisici. Izintandokazi zokudla zezinhlanzi nazo ziguquguquka kakhulu. Kungaba kokubili izinhlanzi ezinosayizi ophakathi, izingane zezinhlobo ezihlobene eduze, nama-crustaceans ahlukahlukene kanye nama-mollusc. Ubukhulu be-cod buyahluka kakhulu kuye ngezinhlobo nezimo zokuphila. Kodwa ngokuvamile, inhlanzi ibhekwa njengenkulu kakhulu, isisindo singafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-40 kg.
Izindlela zokudoba
I-cod iyinto ebalulekile futhi ethandwa kakhulu yokudoba ngokuhweba. Ubanjwa ngamagiya ahlukene: amanetha, ama-trawl, ama-tier nokunye. Kuma-anglers okuzijabulisa, abalandeli bokudoba olwandle emanzini abandayo eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, i-cod nayo iyindondo eyintandokazi. Ngokucabangela indlela yokuphila, uhlobo oluyinhloko lokudoba amateur ukuphotha ukudoba ngamapayipi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, i-cod ingabanjwa ogwini ngegiya eliphansi neliphotha “cast”.
Ukubamba izinhlanzi phezu kwenduku yokuphotha
Ukudoba kwenzeka ezikebheni zezigaba ezihlukahlukene ekujuleni okukhulu kolwandle olusenyakatho. Ukudoba, abadobi basebenzisa izinti zokuphotha zasolwandle. Ngamagiya, njengasendabeni yokunyathela, imfuneko eyinhloko ukwethembeka. Ama-reel kufanele abe nokunikezwa okuhlaba umxhwele kwentambo yokudoba noma intambo. Ngaphandle kwe-braking system engenazinkinga, ikhoyili kufanele ivikelwe emanzini anosawoti. Ukudoba ngaphansi komkhumbi kungase kuhluke ezimisweni zokudoba. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokudoba olwandle, kungase kudingeke ukuthi igiya lihlehle ngokushesha, okusho isilinganiso esiphezulu segiya lendlela yokusonta. Ngokomgomo wokusebenza, amakhoyili angaba kokubili kokuphindaphinda futhi angabi ne-inertial. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, izinduku zikhethwa ngokuya ngesistimu ye-reel. Lapho udoba phansi izinhlanzi zasolwandle, indlela yokudoba ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze ukhethe izintambo ezifanele, kufanele uthintane nabadobi basendaweni abanolwazi noma abaqondisi. I-cod yakha amaqoqo amakhulu, anokuluma okusebenzayo, ama-anglers anolwazi kanye nemihlahlandlela ayincomi ukusebenzisa i-multi-hook tackle. Lapho uluma izinhlanzi eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukudoba kungaphenduka umsebenzi onzima, onzima. Abantu abakhulu kakhulu abavamile ukubanjwa, kodwa izinhlanzi kufanele ziphakanyiswe ekujuleni okukhulu, okudala ukuzikhandla okukhulu ngokomzimba lapho udlala inyamazane. Kunzima ukusho noma yiziphi izithiyo kanye nama-nozzles athathwa njengawaziwa kakhulu. I-Universal, ungacabangela ama-spinner ahlukene aqondile. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-rigs for bait zemvelo ("inhlanzi efile" noma ukusikwa) nakho kubalulekile. Endabeni yokudoba ngokuthepha phansi, ama-rigs ahlukahlukene anamasinki okuhola amafomu ahlukahlukene afanelekile: ukusuka "ku-cheburashkas" kuya "kumaconsi" agobile, isisindo esanele sokusetshenziswa ekujuleni okukhulu. I-leash, ngokuvamile, inamathiselwe ngokulandelana futhi ngezinye izikhathi inobude obufika ku-1 m (imvamisa i-30-40 cm). Ngokunjalo, izingwegwe kumele zikhethwe maqondana nokukhiqizwa okuhlosiwe namandla anele. Ama-snaps amaningi anikezwa ubuhlalu obengeziwe noma ama-octopus ahlukahlukene nezinye izinto. Kuyaphawuleka lapha ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezesekeli ezihlukahlukene kwandisa ukuguquguquka nokulula ukusetshenziswa kwemishini, kodwa kudinga isimo sengqondo esicophelelayo ekuthembekeni kwemishini. Kudingekile ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu kuphela, ngaphandle kwalokho ukulahlekelwa "okungalindelekile" kwama-trophies kungase kwenzeke. Umgomo wokudoba ulula kakhulu, ngemva kokwehlisa i-siker endaweni eqondile ukuze ifinyelele ekujuleni okunqunywe kusengaphambili, umlobi wezinhlanzi wenza ama-twitches wokudonsa ngezikhathi ezithile, ngokomgomo wokuphazima okuqondile. Endabeni yokulunywa okusebenzayo, lokhu, ngezinye izikhathi, akudingekile. "Ukuhlaliswa" kwezinhlanzi ezingwegweni kungenzeka lapho wehlisa izinto zokusebenza noma ekujikeni komkhumbi.
Amahubo
Uma usebenzisa ama-bait nama-rigs ahlukahlukene, kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise kokubili izithiyo zokwenziwa ezifana nama-octopus, ama-vibrotails, njll., kanye nezilo zemvelo. Kungaba izikelemu zasolwandle, ama-mollusk, ama-shrimps, ukusika izinhlanzi ezihlukahlukene nezibilini zazo. Ama-bait ahlanganisiwe avame ukusetshenziswa kusetshenziswa kokubili ukudla okwenziwayo kanye nemvelo, isibonelo, i-vibrotail + shrimp njalonjalo.
Izindawo zokudoba kanye nezindawo zokuhlala
I-cod kanye nezinhlobo zayo ezingaphansi zisakazwa kabanzi olwandle olubandayo lwe-northern hemisphere. Njengoba sekushiwo, izimo zokuba khona kanye nokuthambekela kokufuduka kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo. I-Atlantic cod ingahamba izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ukusuka endaweni yokuzalela ukuya ezindaweni zokudla. I-Pacific subspecies ihlezi futhi yenza ukufuduka kwesizini kuphela ukusuka ogwini ukuya ekujuleni okuseduze. I-Cod ikhetha ukuhlala emanzini angaphansi, kuyilapho ukujula kungaba kukhulu kakhulu. Endizeni eqondile, indawo yokuhlala ye-codfish ifinyelela ekujuleni okungaba ngu-1 km.
Ukuzalela
Ukuzala kwe-cod kuhlobene ngokuqondile nendlela yokuphila yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlobo. I-Pacific cod izalela endaweni esogwini, amaqanda ayanamathela futhi ahlala phansi. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ukuzala kwenzeka kukholomu yamanzi. Izindawo zokuzalela ziboshelwe emifudlaneni yolwandle, ukuzala kuyahlukaniswa, izinhlanzi zingahlala endaweni yokuzalela cishe inyanga. Bese ibuyela ezindaweni zokudla, ngokuvamile eziqhele ngezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha. Izinhlanzi zifinyelela ekuvuthweni kobulili lapho zineminyaka engu-3-5 ubudala. Ukuzala kungokwesizini, kwenzeka entwasahlobo.