Cocoa butter - incazelo. Izinzuzo zezempilo kanye nokulimala

Incazelo

Ukhokho we-cocoa ungokwemvelo, amafutha emvelo angenazo izithasiselo. Yenziwe ngembewu yamabhontshisi e-cocoa akhula esihlahleni sikashokoledi esidabuka eNingizimu Melika. Umkhiqizo omusha emlandweni wesintu washeshe waqashelwa. Ngempela, kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, ngemuva kokusungulwa komshini, bafunda ukuthi bangawukhipha kanjani.

Futhi ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi, ososayensi bathola izimfanelo ezibalulekile zebhotela le-cocoa yemvelo, enezinto ezingaphezu kwezingu-300 zokwelapha nezinzuzo. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi isihlahla sikashokoledi, esatholakala ngekhulu le-16, sibizwa ngokuthi "ukudla konkulunkulu". Ososayensi bathi ibhotela le-cocoa lemvelo lenza izimangaliso emzimbeni womuntu.

Ulwazi lwezakhiwo, ukwakheka nezindlela zokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo kuyathakazelisa kakhulu futhi, empeleni, kuzoba wusizo empilweni yansuku zonke, ngoba ochwepheshe bancoma ngokuqinile ukuwusebenzisa njalo.

Umlando webhotela we-cocoa

Ukutholakala kweMelika kwavumela abaseYurophu ukuthi bajwayelane nenqwaba yezitshalo ebezingaziwa futhi ezingenakubuyiselwa ndawo namuhla. Esinye sazo kwakuyisihlahla sikakhokho. Abanqobi abafika emazweni ama-Aztec bamangazwa hhayi kuphela ngobuningi begolide ezigodlweni ezinhle, kepha nangokuthi ubhontshisi wecocoa, ovelele kwabaseYurophu, babhekwa njengemali lapha.

Ezinqolobaneni zesigodlo kwatholakala amasaka ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane kabhontshisi, okwakungathengwa kuwo izigqila noma imfuyo.

Lapho iseseYurophu, ukhokho washeshe waba semfashinini, futhi izigqila emasimini aseNingizimu Melika zaqoqa izithelo zabahlonishwa baseSpain nabaseFrance. Izitshalo azikhulanga ezwenikazi laseNingizimu Melika kuphela, kepha zivele nase-Afrika.

AbaseYurophu bathanda isiphuzo sabaholi bamaNdiya, beza nomqondo wokwengeza ushukela ku-cocoa, kodwa okuthile kwadida abathandi abaningi be-cocoa. Lapho nje abapheki befudumeza ubhontshisi ogcwele amanzi, imibuthano kawoyela yantanta ibheke phezulu.

Amafutha emifino amangalisayo agcina iphunga elimnandi asusiwe, futhi ngemuva kokupholisa kuba nzima futhi kufana nensipho.

Isidingo sikashokoleti oketshezi sakhula ngokushesha, ama-confectioners azama ukwenza ushokoledi onzima, kepha kwakungenakwenzeka ukudala ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kuze kube uKonrad van Houten ngo-1825 anqume ukusebenzisa ukushisa hhayi kuphela, kodwa nengcindezi yokwehlukanisa uwoyela. Okuhlangenwe nakho kube yimpumelelo, futhi ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu umsunguli unelungelo lobunikazi lomshini wokubacindezela.

Kuvele ukuthi ngokunquma ukubeka ukukhiqizwa kwempuphu engenamafutha esiphuzweni, u-van Houten unikeze umhlaba umkhiqizo obaluleke kakhulu - ibhotela lecocoa.

Ukuqamba kwakuguqula izinguquko, ngoba umshini wokubacindezela wenza ukuthi kutholakale uwoyela, owasheshe waba yigugu kakhulu kunempuphu etholakalayo esetshenziselwe ukukhiqiza isiphuzo. Ukwengezwa kuka-30-40% webhotela we-cocoa kuguqule impuphu yaba yimigoqo eqinile - isibonelo soshokoledi wanamuhla.

Maphakathi nekhulu le-19 eYurophu, ukukhiqizwa kwebhotela le-cocoa kwase kugcwele, kwathi eMelika umhwebi uGirardelli wazitholela indlela yakhe ngo-1860. Ngenkathi ehambisa ubhontshisi usuka ePeru uya e-United States, wabona ukuthi ubhontshisi waphansi up uwoyela ngisho nasendwangu yesikhwama sendwangu. Indlela yokuhlunga nayo ibinelungelo lobunikazi, kepha indlela yevan Houten kuvele ukuthi ikhiqize kakhulu futhi ibambelele.

Ngenxa yalokhu, i-cocoa noshokoledi sekuphele isikhathi eside ukuba yisibiliboco sabantu abathweswe imiqhele kuphela, kanti ibhotela le-cocoa alisetshenziswanga kuphela embonini yokudla, kepha nakwezokwelapha nakwi-cosmetology.

Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezinto ezisetshenzisiwe emhlabeni manje azikhiqizwanga ezweni lamaNdiya, kodwa endaweni yase-Afrika, ngokwesibonelo, eCôte d'Ivoire, eGhana, eNigeria naseCameroon.

Ukubukeka kwebhotela likakhokho

Ibhotela le-cocoa yemvelo laziwa ngokukhanya okuphuzi okukhanyayo, umbala o-creamy, iphunga lobisi eline-hint chocolate. Ukuthungwa okujwayelekile komkhiqizo kunzima futhi kubhidlika, kuncibilika kalula emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-32 C. Amafutha ancibilika ngokuphelele futhi ngokushesha, ngokuhlangana nomzimba womuntu, nasemlonyeni, ngaphandle kokushiya i-wax aftertaste.

Isetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zezimboni zokudla nezimonyo. Ibhotela le-cocoa lingokwemvelo futhi likhishwe amakhowe. Uwoyela owenziwe ngephunga, ngokungafani nowoyela wemvelo, awunalo iphunga, ukhiqizwa ngendlela ehlukile. Lapho kuhlanzwa, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali, umkhiqizo awulahli izakhiwo zawo eziwusizo.

Ukwakhiwa nenani lokudla okunempilo kukabhotela kakhokho

Ibhotela le-cocoa yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ebalulekile kabhontshisi we-cocoa. Ngokuyinhlanganisela yamafutha acid. Amafutha agcwaliswayo enza u-57-64%, amafutha angagcotshwanga angama-46-33%.

Ukwakhiwa kuhlanganisa:

• i-arachidonic acid: ivikela umzimba ezifweni eziyingozi nakumabhaktheriya;
• i-asidi ye-stearic: inomphumela oqinile we-emollient;
• i-palmitic ne-lauric ne-acids: banezindawo zokuthambisa nokwelapha;
• i-linoleic acid: yondla izinwele nesikhumba;
• i-oleic acid: i-antioxidant enamandla;
• ama-amino acid;
• amavithamini A, B, F, C no-E;
• amaminerali: i-iron, i-magnesium, i-potassium, iodine, i-zinc, i-calcium, i-chromium, njll.
• okuqukethwe ikhalori 900 kcal 100 g ngayinye;
• into ye-theobromine iyi-antibiotic yemvelo.
• Ukwakheka komkhiqizo kuzinzile ngokwamakhemikhali, akungenwa yizinqubo ze-oxidative, kunomthelela ekwandisweni kwempilo yanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo, ngokusetshenziswa kwawo.

Kuqukethe i-phenyltylamine, into eyaziwa njengesidakamizwa sothando. I-phenyltylamine iyefana nekhemikhali elenzeka kumuntu othandweni. Yingakho ushokoledi ubizwa ngokuthi "i-hormone yenjabulo". Futhi konke lokhu kubonga ubhontshisi we-cocoa nebhotela layo.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo

I-cocoa ibhotela eluhlaza, engachazwanga inephunga lesici elithi "chocolate". Uma kunesidingo sokususa iphunga lemvelo, isibonelo, ukufaka into kushokholethi omhlophe, kufakwa ukwelashwa kwe-steam endaweni engenalutho.
Ngasikhathi sinye, uwoyela osuselwe emanzini awulahli izakhiwo zawo eziwusizo, futhi inqubo uqobo lwayo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-deodorization.

Ubhontshisi wekhwalithi uqukethe uwoyela ofinyelela kuma-50%. Uma icindezelwe, into leyo inguketshezi olucacile, kepha isheshe iqine ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa ekamelweni. Lapho isiqedile, ibhotela liphuzi ngokukhanyayo noma likhilimu futhi libukeka njengensipho enephunga likashokolethi. Ungancibilikisa ibhotela le-cocoa futhi ngokushisa ekushiseni komzimba.

Lezi zici zesici zihlukanisa uwoyela wemvelo obizayo kusuka kokunye okukhona esikhundleni.

Nambitha izimfanelo

Ibhotela likaCocoa ngamafutha yemifino aqinile anombala we-beige okhanyayo noma ophuzi. Ngaphandle kokuqina kwayo, uwoyela ungonakala futhi wenze i-oxidize. Kulokhu, umbala wayo uyashintsha, ube mbala, ube mpunga noma ube mhlophe ngokuphelele.

Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivutshiwe ezisetshenzisiwe ekukhiqizeni zinika ibhotela iphunga lesici sobhontshisi ogoqiwe we-cocoa. Uma incibilikile, ibhotela liyancibilika ngaphandle kokushiya ukunambitheka okunamafutha okungathandeki.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uwoyela yi-polymorphic, okungukuthi, uma uqiniswa, angakha amafomu e-crystal ahlukene ayisithupha. Lokhu kubonakala kuzimpawu zokunambitheka komkhiqizo. Ama-confectioners abheka amakristalu ohlobo lwe- "beta" njengolulungile.

Lolu hlobo lukashokholethi luhlale lubucayi, kepha luyaqhubeka nokuma. Ubuso bamathayili bucwebezela ngaphandle kwamadiphozithi noma ngamafutha.

Ngeshwa, ngenxa yentengo ephezulu kawoyela wemvelo, namuhla ungavame ukuthola okunye esikhundleni sayo - amafutha emifino anezinto ezifanayo zomzimba, kepha ahluke ngokuphelele kuwo ekubunjweni kwe-asidi.

Banciphisa kakhulu intengo yama-confectionery, kepha cishe akukho nzuzo emafutheni anjalo, futhi ukunambitheka kwesibiliboco kuncipha kakhulu.

Izakhiwo eziwusizo zebhotela le-cocoa

• Usekela umsebenzi wamangqamuzana ezinzwa (i-theobromine substance).
• Inikeza ukujikeleza kwegazi okugcwele.
• Kuqinisa amasosha omzimba (amavithamini A, E, C).
• Isiza ukubhekana nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
• Inezici ze-expectorant.
• Inekhono lokumboza izicubu ezivuthayo futhi iqede izinhlungu.
• Inomphumela omuhle kuwo wonke umzimba. Inezici ze-tonic. Ukubhucungwa okuvamile usebenzisa ibhotela le-cocoa kuyasiza
• Uphulukisa amanxeba nokusha (ngisho okulingene).
• Yehlisa amazinga e-cholesterol.
• Kushukumisa umsebenzi wobuchopho, kwandisa ukusebenza kwengqondo.
• Ithuthukisa uhlelo lwe-endocrine.
• Kukhuthaza ukulahleka kwesisindo ngokucindezela isifiso sokudla. Kufanele isetshenziswe kumthamo, ngoba inama-calories amaningi.
• Uphatha ama-hemorrhoids nemifantu eyinkinga endunu. Iwusizo ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka ukukhuphuka kwalesi sifo.
• Isiza nge-eczema kanye nezifo zefungal.
• Kususa izimpawu zokwelulwa kwangemva kokubeletha nemifantu esifubeni ngesikhathi sokuncelisa.
• Iqinisa izinwele, isuse izingxenye ezihlukanisiwe.
• Khulula imibimbi yokubonisa. Kuvuselela isikhumba sobuso nomzimba.

Ibhotela le-cocoa ku-cosmetology

Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha emifino abenzi bezimonyo sekuyinto engenakuphikwa. Inani elikhulu lezifundo ezakhiweni zebhotela le-cocoa likhombisile ukuthi umkhiqizo uyakwazi ukuguqula isikhumba sethu (ikakhulukazi esomile, esomile futhi esintekenteke) nezinwele.

Ibhotela likakhokho liba wusizo ikakhulukazi esikhunjeni ngezikhathi ezibandayo zasekwindla nasebusika, lapho umoya owomile nonesithwathwa usenza singabi namanzi. Ibhotela likakhokho womzimba lizomanzisa kahle futhi lithambise isikhumba, lingene ngokujulile kumaseli, lenze isikhumba siqine, sibushelelezi, sinwebe futhi sisondle ngezakhi zomzimba.

Ukhokho ibhotela ebusweni

Umkhiqizo ungasetshenziswa ngabantu abananoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesikhumba. Kubanikazi besikhumba esomile, ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukufaka isicelo ngqo ebusweni (ngemuva kokuhlanzwa), okungcono ebusuku.

Ukuhlanganiswa, okujwayelekile kwesikhumba esinamafutha, sisetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokuthambisa ukhilimu noma njengomkhiqizo ozimele wedwa. Ayikho indlela eyodwa futhi efanelekile yokusebenzisa uwoyela.

Kepha kukhona isincomo esivela kuma-cosmetologists: ibhotela le-cocoa liwumthombo ocebile wama-antioxidants kanye nama-emollients. Sebenzisa ngokuhambisana nama-moisturizers ukukhulisa ibhalansi yomswakama ebusweni ne-hydration efanelekile.

Uhlobo lwesikhumba olomile noma oluhlanganisiwe:

Isikhuhla sobuso: hlanganisa izipuni ezimbili zebhotela elicibilikile ngesipuni soju, izipuni ezimbili ze-oatmeal nama-walnuts aqoshiwe. Faka ingxube ebusweni obumanzi, uhlikihle ubuso imizuzu embalwa, bese ugeza ngamanzi.

Isifihla-buso esinomsoco: Hlanganisa izipuni ezi-2 zeparsley ocekeceke kahle nebhotela le-cocoa elicibilikile, sebenzisa ebusweni, bamba imizuzu engama-30, bese ugeza ngamanzi.
Isikhumba esiguga

Hlanganisa isipuni samafutha embewu yamagilebhisi, ijusi le-aloe (isipuni), ibhotela le-cocoa elicibilikile (isipuni). Faka isicelo ebusweni imizuzu eyi-10-15 bese ugeza ngamanzi ahlukile (afudumele nabandayo). Isifihla-buso senza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokuswakama nokuvuselela isikhumba;

Isifihla-buso sobuso: ibhotela le-cocoa, uju oketshezi, ujusi wesanqante (isithako ngasinye - isipuni esisodwa), ijusi kalamula (amaconsi ayi-10) nomxube we-yolk ongu-1, gcoba ngobuso imizuzu eyi-15. Ngemuva kokuthi imaski igeziwe, gcoba ubuso bakho ngekhiyubhu yeqhwa.

Isikhumba esinamafutha

Ukhilimu owenziwe ekhaya uqukethe izithako ezilandelayo: ibhotela le-alimondi, i-rapeseed ne-cocoa, i-lavender ne-rosemary tinctures ebalulekile. Hlanganisa izingxenye ezilungiselelwe zokhilimu omunye nomunye bese ufaka embizeni yengilazi, ugcine endaweni emnyama.

Isifihla-buso esingajwayelekile: hlanganisa isipuni esisodwa sebhotela lukakhokho, ubisi olujiyile nanoma iyiphi ijusi yezithelo komunye nomunye bese ufaka ebusweni. Ngemuva kokubamba imaski imizuzu eyi-15, hlambulula ngamanzi.

Iseluleko seCosmetologist: umkhiqizo uphelele. Ungesabi ukuyisebenzisa ngokuhlangana namafutha abalulekile okuphulukisa namakhambi owaziyo. Sebenzisa ukuvuselela intamo, lahla izinyawo zegwababa, imibuthano emnyama ngaphansi kwamehlo. Qinisa izinkophe zakho namashiya akho.

Cocoa ibhotela izinwele

Isifihla-buso esilungisiwe sizosiza ukuqinisa izinwele, okubandakanya: i-rosemary (2 wezipuni) nebhotela le-cocoa elicibilikile (izipuni ezi-3). I-rosemary kufanele iqale ifakwe emanzini ashisayo amahora amabili. Isifihla-buso sifakwa ezinweleni amahora amabili, simbozwe ngopulasitiki kanye nethawula. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa imaski yezokwelapha amahlandla ama-2 ngesonto.

Imaski yokunakekelwa kwezinwele

Izithako: ibhotela le-cocoa, i-burdock, i-rosemary ne-ginger, i-burdock, i-violet, i-oregano, i-rosehip, i-chamomile, ukukhishwa kwe-calendula, ukukhishwa kwamafutha wempande ye-calamus, i-cognac. Isetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuphulukisa, ukunakekelwa kwezinwele okumnene, ukuqinisa izimpande zezinwele nokuvikela ukulahleka kwezinwele.

Ngenxa yezindawo zokuthambisa zebhotela le-cocoa, imaski imboza izinwele, ivimbela imikhawulo ekuqhekekeni, ibuyise izinwele ezilimele khona manjalo. Sebenzisa kanye noma kabili njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7, ukugcina izinwele amahora amabili ngaphansi kokugoqwa kwepulasitiki nethawula.

Izicelo zokupheka

Ngaphambi kokusungulwa komshini we-hydraulic maphakathi nekhulu le-19, abapheki bekhekhe bahlanganisa ubhontshisi we-cocoa ogayiwe phansi, uju, amantongomane nezinongo, base becindezela u-mass owawuvela. Lolo tshokholethi lwalungafani nhlobo noshokoledi wanamuhla.

Kepha ngokufika kwebhotela le-cocoa, ubuciko be-chocolatier bufinyelele ezingeni elisha.

Kodwa nanamuhla, ibhotela le-cocoa yemvelo cishe aliqhubeki nokuthengiswa, cishe lonke lifunwa ngama-confectioners futhi liya libiza kakhulu.

Isidingo somkhiqizo siyakhula, ngoba ngaphandle kwalo oyela akunakwenzeka ukucabanga nge-slab chocolate, zonke izinhlobo zamaswidi nemigoqo, amakhekhe, ama-fondants ne-glaze. Njengakuqala, ibhotela le-cocoa lenza ushokoledi oshisayo ube mnandi futhi wenelise futhi wengezwe kwamanye amakhofi nophudingi.

Futhi ushokoledi omhlophe ukweleta nokuba khona kwawo negama lakhe kuphela ibhotela likakhokho elikhishwe emanzini. Kuresiphi yayo, ngokungafani nobisi lwayo noma uzakwabo omnyama, abukho ubunzima be-cocoa, ushukela oluyimpuphu kuphela, i-vanilla nobisi.

Uma umthandi wokupheka enenhlanhla eyanele yokuthenga ibhotela le-cocoa, khona-ke kuzomsiza ukuba azi kahle ubuciko be-confectionery eyedwa futhi azizwe njengephayona likashokholethi.

Ibhotela le-cocoa lingangezwa eziphuzweni nakuma-dessert, okusanhlamvu kobisi nakuphudingi. Into esemqoka ukungavumeli ukuthi ishise kakhulu, ukuze uwoyela ungalahlekelwa yizo zonke izinto zawo ezizuzisayo, kepha uletha injabulo kuphela, amandla kanye nempilo.