ikholera
Okuqukethwe yi-athikili
  1. incazelo ejwayelekile
    1. Izimbangela
    2. Izimpawu
    3. Izinkinga
    4. Prevention
    5. Ukwelashwa emithini ejwayelekile
  2. Ukudla okuwusizo kwekholera
    1. ethnoscience
  3. Imikhiqizo eyingozi neyingozi
  4. Imithombo yolwazi

Incazelo jikelele yalesi sifo

 

Lesi yisifo samathumbu esibuhlungu, esihambisana nokulimala kwamathumbu amancane, ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte, ukuphelelwa amandla komzimba emzimbeni, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukudakwa komzimba. Lesi sifo sokuhlukaniswa esiyingozi singabulala uma singelashwa ngokushesha.

Ikholera ivame ukusakazeka njengomqedazwe[4]… Leli gciwane eliyingozi lingabhekwa njengesikhali semvelo. Njalo ngonyaka, kuze kube yizigidi ezingama-4 amacala okutheleleka ngalesi sifo ayabhalwa emhlabeni. Abasengozini enkulu kulokhu kubhekwa njengochungechunge lwesibalo sabantu abahlala ezimeni ezingcolile. Ngakho-ke, ukugxila okuyisisekelo okuyindawo kutholakala eLatin America, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseNingizimu Afrika. Isigameko esiphakeme senzeka ngesikhathi sasehlobo-ekwindla.

Ekuqaleni, iNdiya yayiyisizinda sokutheleleka, kodwa ngekhulu le-19, ngokuthuthuka kwezohwebo, ikholera yasakazeka emhlabeni wonke. Futhi kusukela lapho, isintu siye sanyakaziswa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuqubuka kwekholera. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, phakathi nobhadane lokuqala, inani labafa lekholera lalisezigidini. Ubhadane lwesibili lwathatha cishe iminyaka engama-20 lwakhukhula iJapan, i-United States ne-Europe. Ubhadane lwesithathu lubhekwa njengolubulala kunazo zonke. Ososayensi baseBrithani baqala ukuphenya izimbangela zokusakazeka kwekholera futhi bathuthukisa izindlela zokuyelapha. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, lesi sifo esiyingozi sabulala izigidi zabantu.[3]… Manje lesi sifo asandile, kepha ukuqubuka kwekholera kuqoshwa ngezikhathi ezithile emazweni asathuthuka.

Izimbangela zekholera

Imbangela yokuthuthukiswa kwekholera ngu ikholera vibrio, okhona ezimbalini zezinhlobo eziningi zamanzi. Kepha lapha inani lama-microorganism ngeyunithi ngayinye yamanzi lidlala indima ebalulekile. Ngokutheleleka, kufanele kugwinywe okungenani ama-vibrio ayisigidi.

 

I-Vibrio cholerae ayimelani ne-hydrochloric acid, ngakho-ke uma inani elincane lamagciwane lingena esiswini, lizofa. Nge-asidi ephansi, inani lama-microorganisms anele ukutheleleka ngekholera liyancipha kaningana. Umgudu wamathumbu usebenza njengesango lokutheleleka, ikholera vibrios ingafika lapho ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

  • othintana nabendlu;
  • ngezandla ezingcolile;
  • lapho ugwinya amanzi ngenkathi ubhukuda emachibini anamanzi angcolile;
  • lapho udla izithelo nemifino engageziwe;
  • lapho uthintana nomuntu onegciwane;
  • lapho udla ukudla kwasolwandle (izimbaza, imfanzi) nezinhlanzi ezomisiwe ezingakatholi ukwelashwa okufanelekile

Lokhu ukutheleleka okuyingozi kuthinta abadala kanye nezingane, imvamisa phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele. Kungathatha kusuka emahoreni ayi-10 kuye ezinsukwini ezinhlanu phakathi kokungeniswa kwe-Vibrio cholerae nangaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu zokuqala, kepha imvamisa isikhathi sokufukamela sihlala izinsuku ezingama-5-2.

Izimpawu zekholera

Ngokuya ngezimpawu zokwelashwa, ikholera ihlukaniswa ibe:

  1. 1 ifomu elisuliwe - ibonakala ngokunyakaza kwamathumbu okulodwa okunempilo ejwayelekile. Lapho-ke izimpawu ziya ziqhamuka - kunesifiso sokuzikhulula, iziguli zikhononda ngezihlalo zamanzi ezixegayo nokungahambi kahle esiswini;
  2. 2 ifomu elilula - indle evulekile inesici kuze kube izikhathi ezi-5 ngosuku, lesi sifo asihlali ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili, kanti inhlalakahle yesiguli iyanelisa impela, ikhathazeka kancane ngokukhathala nokoma;
  3. 3 ikholera ukwehla okulinganiselayo, kweminye imithombo kubizwa nangokuthi ukwehla emzimbeni kwezinga lesi-2. Ngaleli fomu lesifo, ikholera iqhubeka ngokushesha, ngaphezu kokuhamba kwamathumbu kaningi, isiguli sikhathazekile ngokuhlanza, okungahambisani nesicanucanu. Kunezimpawu ezisobala zokwehla komzimba emzimbeni, njengokuoma okungabekezeleleki, ukuncipha kwesikhumba esikhunjeni kuyancipha, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila luphaphatheka, inani lomchamo lehla kakhulu. Kulokhu, ukunyakaza kwamathumbu oketshezi kuyabonakala kuze kube izikhathi eziyishumi ngosuku, amajaqamba ezingalo nasemilenzeni, i-tachycardia elinganiselayo nokuhhahazela kwezwi kungenzeka. Ikholera kuleli fomu ithatha cishe izinsuku ezinhlanu;
  4. 4 ifomu elibi noma izinga lesithathu lokuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni libhekene nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu: izitulo eziphindaphindekayo nezihlanza. Ukudlikizela esiswini nasemilenzeni, izwi liba buthakathaka, lingazwakali kangako. Isikhumba sezinyawo nezintende sithatha ukubukeka okushwabeneyo, izici zobuso zicijile ebusweni: izinhlamvu zamehlo ziyawela, i-cyanosis ye-earlobes nezindebe kuyabonakala. I-Tachycardia ifinyelela amabhithi angu-3 ngomzuzu. Ukushaya kwenhliziyo kufana nentambo, umfutho wegazi uyancipha;
  5. 5 ifomu elibi kakhulu ichaza ukukhula okusheshayo kwekholera, okuqala ngokushesha ngokuhlanza okuqhubekayo nezitulo ezixegayo. Ngempela emahoreni ambalwa, izinga lokushisa lomzimba wesiguli lehla laya kuma-35 degrees. Kukhona ubuthakathaka obukhulu, ukuphefumula okuncane kanye ne-anuria, ukozela kungakhula kube i-coma. Isikhumba siba nomlotha, umzimba ugoqana njalo, isisu siyadonswa, ukubukeka kuyaqaqeka.

Izinkinga zekholera

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezithile kungenzeka:

  • ikholera typhoid izibonakalisa ngesimo se-diphtheria colitis, kuyilapho ukuqubuka kungenzeka esikhunjeni, njengesimungumungwane;
  • i-chlorohydropenic uremia, evame ukuhambisana nokwehluleka kwezinso.

Izinkinga ezingacacisiwe ekholera zivela lapho kufakwa ukutheleleka kwesibili. Ngokuvamile, ikholera iyinkimbinkimbi ye-pneumonia egxile. Uma kulahleka inani elikhulu loketshezi, kungenzeka ukwethuka ngokweqile.

Ngokwelashwa okungazelelwe, ikholera inamaphesenti aphezulu okufa

Ukuvimbela Ikholera

Ikholera edlulisiwe ayishiyi amasosha omzimba, ngakho-ke, ukutheleleka kabusha kungenzeka. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela zifaka:

  • phuza kuphela amanzi ahlanziwe noma abilisiwe;
  • ungabhukudi emanzini angcolile noma angajwayelekile;
  • geza izandla zakho kahle ngemuva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese nangaphambi kokulungisa ukudla;
  • ukugonywa kwabantu ekuqubukeni kwekholera;
  • ukusabalalisa ulwazi phakathi kwabantu mayelana nendawo yezindawo zosizo oluphuthumayo ezindaweni lapho kuqubuka khona lesi sifo;
  • ukwenza imisebenzi ehlose ukusabalalisa izinto zokuvikela ikholera;
  • lapho kutholakala amaphakethe wekholera, phendula ngokushesha nangokusabela okuhlukahlukene.

Ukwelashwa kwekholera emithini esemthethweni

Ikholera ingalapheka ngokushesha ngokuvakashela udokotela ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngosuku lokuqala, ukunxephezela ukulahleka okukhulu kwamanzi, iziguli zinikezwa amalitha afinyelela kwayi-6 kasawoti womlomo wokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni. Ezigulini ezinzima, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushaqeka kokuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni, kunqunywa imithambo yegazi ngesilinganiso selitha elilodwa nge-1 kg yesisindo sesiguli. Ama-antimicrobial agents kwesinye isikhathi asetshenziselwa ukulwa nohudo. Futhi ama-enterosorbents asetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekwelashweni.

Ukudla okuwusizo kwekholera

Isiguli sekholera esinohudo nokuhlanza silahlekelwa ngamanzi amaningi, silandelela izakhi, amavithamini kanye namaprotheni, ngakho-ke umsoco kufanele uhlose uku:

  1. 1 ukukhuthazwa kokuzivikela komzimba;
  2. 2 ukususwa kwezimpawu zokudakwa;
  3. 3 ukunciphisa umthwalo kumgudu wokugaya ukudla;
  4. 4 isinxephezelo sokuphazamiseka komzimba.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-1-2 zokugula, ukuzila nokuphuza iziphuzo eziningi kukhonjisiwe. Ama-compotes anconyiwe avela kuma-apula kanye namapheya, ijusi elimnyama le-currant, i-decoction yama-rose okhalweni omisiwe, ahlukaniswa ngomphumela we-astringent.

Ngemuva kokujwayelekile kwe-stool, kuboniswa ukudla kwe-apula, kufanele udle i-1-1,5 kg yama-apula aluhlaza agayiwe ngaphandle kwekhasi kumthamo we-5-6 emini. Ngosuku olulandelayo, ungangeza ukudla okungacasuli amathumbu ekudleni: i-semolina, irayisi noma i-oatmeal ebilisiwe emanzini, i-cottage shizi egayiwe, imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha aphansi, amajusi asanda kukhanywa, ama-berry jellies.

Lapho-ke, njengoba isiguli silulama, ukudla kwesiguli kuyanwetshwa ngezinhlanzi ezibilisiwe, ama-meatballs kanye nama-cutlets ashubile, okusanhlamvu okucotshiwe, ushizi onamafutha amancane noshizi omnene. Ukudla kufanele kufudumale, ukudla kube yingxenye futhi kuvame.

Izindlela zabantu zokwelapha ikholera

  • phuza ubisi olufudumele olufakwe imbewu ye-dill;
  • Thela ama-300 g we-birch buds nge-½ l yevodka, thatha ama-30 g lilinye kuze kuphele ukuhlanza[1];
  • uphuze emini njengetiye ukumnika i-dill, i-mint ne-chamomile;
  • izinyanga zakudala zazikholelwa ukuthi ibhande loboya elibomvu esiswini lingavikela ekuthelelekeni kwekholera;
  • kungenzeka ukukhulula ukudlikizela ngokuphelelwa ngamandla emzimbeni ngosuku lokuqala ngokuhlikihla izitho zesiguli ngotshwala be-camphor;
  • ukululama isiguli singanikezwa iwayini elibomvu elomile ezingxenyeni ezincane[2];
  • phuza izingilazi eziningana ze-decoction yemifino eyomile ye-chicory emini;
  • Chaza amalahle e-birch emanzini bese uvumela isiguli siphuze ngama-sips amancane.

Ukudla okuyingozi nokulimazayo kwekholera

Kudingekile ukuthi ungafaki izinto ezikhuthaza umsebenzi oyimfihlo wesisu kanye nepheshana lesisu lilonke ekudleni kwesiguli, kanye nemikhiqizo ene-cholesterol, ngakho-ke, shiya:

  • imifino nezithelo njengemithombo ye-fiber;
  • ugalikhi no-anyanisi;
  • okusanhlamvu, ngaphandle kukabhontshisi we-asparagus;
  • amajikijolo omuncu nezithelo;
  • umhluzi wenyama nenhlanzi;
  • ukunciphisa ukungenisa usawoti;
  • ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezikhupha zamaqanda;
  • ubisi olumsulwa;
  • ukudla okusemathinini nokufakwe emanzini anosawoti;
  • amaqebelengwane acebile;
  • ukudla okuthosiwe nokunamafutha;
  • isoda.
Imithombo yolwazi
  1. Herbalist: zokupheka zegolide zemithi yesintu / Comp. A. Markov. - M.: Eksmo; Iforamu, 2007 .- 928 k.
  2. Incwadi yokufunda ye-Popov AP Herbal. Ukwelashwa ngamakhambi okwelapha. - I-LLC "U-Factoria". EYekaterinburg: 1999.— 560 k., Ill.
  3. Izinhlelo ze-Geographic Information, umthombo
  4. Ikholera, umthombo
Ukuphrinta kwezinto

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Imithetho yokuphepha

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Qaphela!

Abaphathi abanacala nganoma yimuphi umzamo wokusebenzisa imininingwane oyinikiwe, futhi akuqinisekisi ukuthi ngeke ikulimaze wena uqobo. Izinto zokwakha azinakusetshenziselwa ukunquma ukwelashwa nokwenza ukuxilongwa. Njalo thintana nodokotela wakho onguchwepheshe!

Ukudla okunomsoco kwezinye izifo:

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