Ubisi lwenkomo luwukudla okuphelele… Okwamathole
“Imikhiqizo yobisi iwukudla okufanele okuvela emvelweni ngokwayo - kodwa kuphela uma uyinkonyane.
Ngokombono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukuluthwa komuntu ubisi lwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane kuyinto engaqondakali. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kobisi nsuku zonke kubonakala sengathi iningi liyinto engokwemvelo futhi engenacala ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, uma ubheka ngokombono we-biology, kuyacaca ukuthi imvelo yomama ayizange ilungiselele ukusetshenziswa okunjalo kwalesi "isiphuzo".
Saqala ukufuya izinkomo eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi edlule. Akumangalisi ukuthi esikhathini esifushane kangaka, imizimba yethu ayikajwayeli ukugayeka kobisi lolunye uhlobo. Izinkinga ziphakama ikakhulukazi ngokucubungula i-lactose, i-carbohydrate etholakala obisini. Emzimbeni, "ushukela wobisi" uhlukaniswa ube yi-sucrose ne-galactose, futhi ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, i-enzyme ekhethekile, i-lactase, iyadingeka. Okubanjiwe ukuthi le enzyme iyeka ukukhiqizwa kubantu abaningi abaphakathi kweminyaka emibili nemihlanu. Manje sekufakazelwe ukuthi cishe ama-75% abantu emhlabeni bahlushwa ukungabekezelelani kwe-lactose (2).
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ubisi lwesilwane ngasinye luvumelana nezidingo zamawundlu ohlobo oluthile lwebhayoloji. Ubisi lwembuzi olwamazinyane, ubisi lwekati olwezinyane lekati, ubisi lwenja olwemidlwane kanti ubisi lwenkomo olwenkonyane. Ngendlela, amathole lapho ezalwa anesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-45, ngesikhathi sokulunyulwa kukamama, iwundlu selivele linesisindo esiphindwe kasishiyagalombili ngaphezulu. Ngokunjalo, ubisi lwenkomo luqukethe amaprotheni nemisoco ephindwe kathathu kunobisi lomuntu. Nokho, naphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo zokudla okunomsoco zobisi lukamama, amankonyane afanayo ayeka ngokuphelele ukuluphuza ngemva kokuba esefinyelele iminyaka ethile. Kwenzeka okufanayo nakwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Ezweni lezilwane, ubisi luwukudla kwezingane kuphela. Nakuba abantu bephuza ubisi kukho konke ukuphila kwabo, okuyinto ngazo zonke izici eziphambene nenkambo yemvelo yezinto.
Ukungcola obisini
Ngenxa yokukhangisa, sijwayele isithombe senkomo ejabule idla ngokuthula edlelweni. Kodwa-ke, bambalwa abantu abacabanga ukuthi lesi sithombe esinemibala sikude kanjani neqiniso. Amapulazi obisi ngokuvamile asebenzisa izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zokwandisa "amavolumu okukhiqiza".
Isibonelo, inkomo ifakwa amadlozi ngokuzenzela, ngoba ebhizinisini elikhulu kungaba namandla kakhulu ukuhlela imihlangano yangasese nenkunzi ngenkomo ngayinye. Ngemva kwamathole ezinkomo, unikeza ubisi, ngokwesilinganiso, izinyanga ezingu-10, ngemva kwalokho isilwane siphinde sifakwe amadlozi futhi wonke umjikelezo uphindwa kabusha. Lokhu kwenzeka iminyaka engu-4-5, lapho inkomo ichitha ekukhulelweni njalo kanye nokuzala okubuhlungu (3). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, phakathi naso sonke lesi sikhathi, isilwane sinikeza ubisi oluphindwe kaningi kunalokho okwenzeka ezimweni zemvelo lapho sipha ingane. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukuthi epulazini izilwane zinikezwa umuthi okhethekile wama-hormone, i-recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH). Uma ifakwa emzimbeni womuntu ngobisi lwenkomo, le hormone ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwephrotheni ebizwa nge-insulin-like growth factor-1, okuthi uma igxile kakhulu iqalise ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza (4). NgokukaDkt. Samuel Epstein weNhlangano Yomdlavuza yaseMelika: “Ngokudla ubisi oluqukethe i-rBGH (i-hormone yokukhula yezinkomo ehlangene), kungalindeleka ukwanda okukhulu kwamazinga egazi e-IGF-1, okungase kwandise ngokwengeziwe ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamabele futhi nengxenye ekuhlaseleni kwayo” (5) .
Nokho, ngaphezu kwe-hormone yokukhula, iminonjana yemithi elwa namagciwane ivame ukutholakala obisini ekuhlolweni kwaselabhorethri. Phela, yona kanye inqubo yokuthola ubisi iwukuxhashazwa okunonya esikalini sezimboni. Namuhla, ukusenga kuhlanganisa ukunamathisela iyunithi ekhethekile enepompo ye-vacuum embeleni wenkomo. Ukusenga ngomshini okuqhubekayo kubangela i-mastitis nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ezinkomeni. Ukuze kumiswe inqubo yokuvuvukala, izilwane zivame ukujovwa ngama-antibiotics, nawo angashabalali ngokuphelele ngesikhathi senqubo ye-pasteurization (6).
Ezinye izinto eziyingozi eziye zatholakala obisini ngesinye isikhathi zihlanganisa izibulala-zinambuzane, ama-dioxin, ngisho ne-melamine, ezingenakuqedwa ngokufakwa kwe-pasteurization. Lezi zinhlayiya azisuswa ngokushesha emzimbeni futhi zithinte kabi izitho zomchamo, kanye nezinhlelo zokuzivikela kanye nezinzwa.
Amathambo anempilo?
Ephendula umbuzo wokuthi yini okudingeka yenziwe ukuze kugcinwe amathambo anempilo, noma yimuphi udokotela uzosho ngaphandle kokucabanga okuningi: "Phuza ubisi obuningi!". Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokuthandwa kwemikhiqizo yobisi ezindaweni zethu, inani labantu abaphethwe yi-osteoporosis likhula kancane njalo ngonyaka. Ngokwe-website esemthethweni ye-Russian Osteoporosis Association, njalo ngomzuzu e-Russian Federation kuba ne-17 ye-traumatic skeleton ye-peripheral skeleton ngenxa ye-osteoporosis, njalo ngemizuzu emi-5 - ukuphuka kwe-proximal femur, kanye nenani eliphelele le-9 million ngokomtholampilo. ukuphuka okuphawulekayo ngenxa ye-osteoporosis ngonyaka (7).
Okwamanje abukho ubufakazi bokuthi imikhiqizo yobisi inomphumela omuhle empilweni yamathambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni edlule, kuye kwenziwa izifundo eziningi ezifakazela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kobisi, ngokuyisisekelo, akuthinti amandla amathambo nganoma iyiphi indlela. Enye yezidume kakhulu i-Harvard Medical Study, eyayihlanganisa izifundo ezicishe zibe ngu-78 futhi yathatha iminyaka engu-12. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abantu abadla ubisi olwengeziwe nabo bathambekele ekubeni ne-osteoporosis, njengoba kwakunjalo nalabo ababephuza ubisi oluncane noma abangaluphuzi nhlobo (8).
Umzimba wethu uhlala ukhipha i-calcium endala, udoti emathanjeni bese ufaka entsha. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kugcinwe impilo yamathambo, kuyadingeka ukugcina "ukunikezwa" okuqhubekayo kwalesi sakhi emzimbeni. Isidingo sansuku zonke se-calcium singama-milligrams angu-600 - lokhu kungaphezu kokwanele umzimba. Ukuze wenze lokhu kujwayelekile, ngokwenkolelo evamile, udinga ukuphuza izingilazi ezingama-2-3 zobisi ngosuku. Nokho, kunemithombo yezitshalo engenangozi eyengeziwe ye-calcium. “Ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi akuyona ingxenye ephoqelekile yokudla futhi, ngokuvamile, ingaba nomthelela omubi empilweni. Kungcono ukunikeza okuthandayo ekudleni okunempilo, okumelelwa okusanhlamvu, izithelo, imifino, imifino kanye nokudla okuqiniswe ngamavithamini, okuhlanganisa okusanhlamvu kwasekuseni namajusi. Ngokusebenzisa le mikhiqizo, ungakwazi ukugcwalisa kalula isidingo se-calcium, i-potassium, i-riboflavin ngaphandle kwezingozi ezengeziwe zezempilo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yobisi, "bancoma kuwebhusayithi yabo esemthethweni odokotela abavela enhlanganweni yabasekeli bokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni (9 ).