I-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho yakha ingxenye yomgogodla.

Isikhundla. Umgogodla womlomo wesibeletho uyingxenye yomgogodla, noma umgogodla, isakhiwo sethambo esiphakathi kwekhanda nesinqe. Umgogodla wakha isisekelo samathambo esiqu, esitholakala ngaphakathi nangasemgqeni ophakathi nendawo. Iqala ngaphansi kogebhezi futhi inabele esifundeni se-pelvic (1). Umgogodla wakhiwe ngokwesilinganiso samathambo angama-33, abizwa ngama-vertebrae (2). La mathambo axhumene ndawonye ukuze akhe i-eksisi, enesimo esiphindwe kabili esingu-S. Ama-vertebrae omlomo wesibeletho angama-7 ngenombolo futhi akha ijika eliphambili (3). Zakha isifunda sentamo futhi zitholakala phakathi kogebhezi nomgogodla we-thoracic. Ama-vertebrae womlomo wesibeletho aqanjwe ukusuka ku-C1 kuya ku-C7.

Isakhiwo se-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho. I-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho C3 kuya ku-C7 inesakhiwo esijwayelekile esifanayo (1) (2):

• Umzimba, ingxenye yomgogodla we-vertebra, mkhulu futhi uqinile. Ithwala isisindo se-axis yamathambo.
• I-vertebral arch, ingxenye e-dorsal ye-vertebra, izungeze i-vertebral foramen.
• I-vertebral foramen iyisikhungo esiphakathi, esikhishwe nge-vertebra. Inqwaba yama-vertebrae ne-foramina yakha umsele we-vertebral, owelwe ngumgogodla.

I-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho i-C1 ne-C2 ngokulandelana ibizwa ngokuthi i-atlas ne-eksisi ngama-vertebrae we-atypical. I-C1 vertebra yomlomo wesibeletho iyona enkulu kunazo zonke emgodini womlomo wesibeletho, kuyilapho i-vertebra ye-C2 iqine kakhulu. Izakhiwo zazo zivumela ukusekelwa okungcono nokunyakaza kwekhanda.

Amalunga nokufakwa. I-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho ixhunywe komunye nomunye ngemigqa. Futhi zinezindawo eziningana ze-articular ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwazo. Ama-discs e-intervertebral, ama-fibrocartilages aqukethe i-nucleus, atholakala phakathi kwezidumbu zama-vertebrae angomakhelwane (1) (2).

Imisipha. I-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho imbozwe yimisipha yentamo.

Indima yokusekela nokuvikela. I-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho inikela ukwesekwa kwekhanda futhi ivikele umgogodla.

Indima yokuhamba nokuma komzimba. I-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho ivumela ukunyakaza kwekhanda nentamo njengokujikeleza, ukutsheka, ukunweba nokujika.

Ubuhlungu emgogodleni. Lezi zinhlungu ziqala emgogodleni, ikakhulukazi emgogodleni womlomo wesibeletho, futhi ngokuvamile zithinta amaqembu emisipha awuzungezile. Ubuhlungu bezintambo ubuhlungu bendawo entanyeni. Izifo ezahlukahlukene zingaba umsuka walobu buhlungu. (3)

• I-degenerative pathologies. Izifo ezithile zingaholela ekonakaleni okuqhubekayo kwezinto zomakhalekhukhwini, ikakhulukazi ku-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho. I-osteoarthritis yomlomo wesibeletho ibonakala ngokuguga nokudabuka koqwanga oluvikela amathambo amalunga entanyeni. (5) I-disc ye-herniated ihambelana nokuxoshwa ngemuva kwe-nucleus yediski ye-intervertebral, ngokugqoka kokugcina. Lokhu kungaholela ekucindezelweni komgogodla nezinzwa.
• Ukuguqulwa komgogodla. Ukukhubazeka kwekholomu kungenzeka. I-Scoliosis ukuhanjiswa okulandelayo komgogodla (6). I-kyphosis ikhula ngokugobeka ngokweqile emuva ekuphakameni kwamahlombe. (6)
• I-Torticollis. Lesi sifo sibangelwa ukukhubazeka noma izinyembezi emithanjeni noma emisipheni etholakala kumgogodla womlomo wesibeletho.

Izidakamizwa zokwelapha. Ngokuya ngesifo esitholakele, kungabekwa imishanguzo ethile, kufaka phakathi amaphilisi ezinhlungu.

Physiotherapy. Intamo nokuvuselelwa emuva kungenziwa nge-physiotherapy noma ngamaseshini we-osteopathy.

Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholakele, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungenziwa esifundeni somlomo wesibeletho.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuqaphela kukadokotela ukuma emuva kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokukhomba okungajwayelekile.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Radiological. Ngokuya nge-pathology esolwayo noma efakazelwe, ezinye izivivinyo zingenziwa njenge-X-ray, i-ultrasound, i-CT scan, i-MRI noma i-scintigraphy.

Umsebenzi wokucwaninga. Abaphenyi abavela kwiyunithi ye-Inserm ngokusobala baphumelele ukuguqula amaseli we-adipose stem abe amaseli angathatha indawo yama-disc intervertebral. Lo msebenzi uhlose ukuvuselela ama-disc intervertebral agugile. (7)