Izimbangela nezindlela zokubhekana nokuminyanisa ikholomu

Izikhukhula zekholomu zingenzeka kunoma iyiphi insimbi yohlobo lwekholomu kumodi yokucwiliswa kwamanzi noma yokulungisa, kokubili ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa kwesiphuzo sokuqala nesesibili. Inkinga iyinkimbinkimbi yiqiniso lokuthi amadivaysi alo mklamo asebenza kahle kakhulu kwimodi yangaphambi kokuphefumula - eduze nokuwa okuphelele kwesistimu. Okulandelayo, sizobona ukuthi kungani ikholomu ihlaba, indlela yokuyikhomba, ukuyiqeda, futhi siyisebenzisele inzuzo yethu.

Theory

Izikhukhula zekholomu yisimo esiphuthumayo lapho umhwamuko wotshwala oshisayo okhuphukayo ungavumeli uketshezi olwehlayo olupholile ku-dephlegmator - phlegm - ukuthi ludlulele kolunye uhlangothi.

Ngenxa yalokho, ipulaki ye-emulsion ibonakala endaweni ethile ye-tsargi, lapho uketshezi kanye nomhwamuko kuhambisana. I-steam ingena kancane kancane ku-phlegm, ukubila kuzwakala ku-apparatus. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amandla okucindezela umusi ahlale ephakeme kunokucindezela kwe-reflux, ngakho-ke uma amandla okushisa e-cube, ingcindezi kanye nezinga lokushisa lamanzi okupholisa lingashintshi, khona-ke ipulaki ikhuphuka kancane kancane kuze kube yilapho uketshezi oludakayo kanye nesimusi kushiya ikholomu. ngepayipi lokuxhuma emkhathini, ivalvu ephuthumayo noma iyunithi yokusampula . Lesi yisigaba sokugcina sokuminyanisa, ngolimi olukhulunywa ngabashicileli benyanga kusho ukuthi “insika yaqala ukukhafula.”

Kusukela ekuqaleni kokushisa kuya "kukhafula", ukukhukhula kwekholomu akuhlali isikhathi esingaphezu komzuzu nesigamu, okungukuthi, konke kwenzeka ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akufanele uzame ukugwema "ukuphalaza" ngokuvimbela ipayipi yokuxhumana nomkhathi, i-valve noma iyunithi yokukhetha - lokhu kugcwele ukuqhuma!

Ekuqaleni, i-choke ibonakala endaweni encane kakhulu, okungukuthi, umphumela wentamo yebhodlela udalwa. Isibonelo, ukhokho ungakheka lapho umlomo ohlanganiswe kakhulu uphenduka ube ucinene kancane, noma lapho ububanzi bentambo yokudonsa buba buncane.

Kungani kufanele ugweme ukuklinywa

Uma ikholomu igcwele, inqubo yokushisa nokudluliselwa kwenqwaba ayenzeki, ngakho-ke, akukho ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi oludakayo lube yiziqephu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhanya kwenyanga okutholwe ngesikhathi "sokukhafula" futhi ngemva kwalokho akuhlanjululwanga nakancane ekungcoleni okuyingozi. Ngakho-ke, ukuminyanisa kwekholomu kufanele kuqedwe futhi emva kwayo i-apparatus kufanele ivunyelwe "ukuzisebenzela".

Indlela yokunquma ukuminyanisa kwekholomu

Izimpawu zokuphefumula:

  • ukwanda kwe-hum nokudlidliza kukholomu;
  • ukwanda okubukhali kwezinga lokushisa ku-tsarga;
  • ingcindezi yehla;
  • ukukhishwa okubukhali (“amathe”) koketshezi ngepayipi ukuze kuxhunyanwe nomoya, i-valve yezimo eziphuthumayo noma iyunithi yokukhetha kuyisigaba sokugcina sokuminyanisa;
  • ku-diopter, ukubila kubonakala, kufana nokubilisa okusebenzayo kwamanzi.

Kukholelwa ukuthi i-choke ingabonakala futhi ilawulwe nge-diopter - i-transparent, ngokuvamile ingilazi, ingxenye ye-tsarga. Kodwa lokhu kusebenza kuphela uma ukukhukhula kwekholomu kwenzeka kule ndawo ethile. Uma iphansi noma ingaphezulu, kuzoba yinkinga ukuyibona, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu ukuyilawula ngokushintsha amandla okushisa anikeziwe noma izinga lokushisa lamanzi okupholisa.

Izimbangela zokuminyanisa ikholomu nezindlela zokuqedwa kwazo

1. Amandla okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Isizathu esivame kakhulu. Kulokhu, indawo ye-cross-sectional ye-drawer ayanele uma iqhathaniswa namandla wesici sokushisa kanye ne-dephlegmator, ngakho-ke umusi ne-phlegm akukwazi ukusabalalisa umthamo wekhabethe. Indlela elula ukunciphisa isivinini se-steam.

Indlela yokulungisa: cisha ukushisa lapho uminyanisa, linda imizuzu engu-1,5-2 ukuze yonke i-phlegm yehlele ku-cube. Vula ukushisa emuva, kodwa ngamandla aphansi ngo-3-4%. Uma ikholomu iklinywe futhi, phinda izinyathelo ezichaziwe.

Uma konke kuhamba kahle, khona-ke lokhu kuzoba amandla emodi yokusebenza yangaphambi kokucindezelwa yekholomu kuze kube isikhathi sokufana nezinye imingcele ebalulekile yesistimu (ingcindezi kanye nezinga lokushisa lamanzi okupholisa, ubude kanye nendawo enqamulayo idrowa, amandla esiqandisi kanye ne-dephlegmator, njll.) ngeke ashintshwe . Uma kwenzeka izinguquko, ikholomu iqala ukuminyanisa, bese kufunwa umbuso wangaphambi kokuminyanisa.

Amanye ama-moonshiner axazulula le nkinga ngokususa i-reflux eyengeziwe, kodwa uma kune-reflux encane kakhulu, khona-ke ayipholi kahle i-nozzle, futhi ikholomu ayisebenzi ku-100%. Kutuswa ukwandisa ukukhethwa kwe-phlegm kuphela uma ikholomu iklinyiwe ngenkathi "isebenza ngokwayo" futhi i-phlegm eyengeziwe ingene ekukhethweni.

2. I-Hypothermia ye-phlegm. Umhwamuko wotshwala udlula kangcono futhi udlule i-phlegm eshisayo kuwo ngokwawo. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lamanzi endaweni yokuphuma kwe-dephlegmator ngu-50-60 °C. Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi, khona-ke udinga ukunciphisa ukucindezela kwamanzi.

3. Ukupakisha okungalingani kombhobho ohlangothini. Abaqalayo benyanga bavame ukona ngalokhu. Ezindaweni zokupakisha okuminyene kakhulu, ukuncishiswa komugqa we-steam kwakhiwa futhi kuvela ipulaki. Izishintshi zompompi ezilayishiwe (okunamathiselwe ngezintambo ezivamile) akumele zisonte ngokuqinile futhi zigxivizwe. Endabeni ye-SPN (i-spiral-prismatic nozzles), ukufana kokugcwalisa kufanele kulawulwe. Amawadi ambalwa, ngcono.

4. Ukwenyuka kwamandla kanye (noma) nomfutho wokuphakelwa kwamanzi. Uma isici sokushisa singugesi, khona-ke ukunyuka kwamandla kushintsha amandla okushisa. Ukushintsha okuzenzakalelayo kumfutho wamanzi kuholela ekupholiseni okungalingani kwalo lonke uhlelo.

5. Ukufakwa okungalingani kwekholomu. Uma i-apparatus yohlobo lwekholomu ingafakiwe ngokuqondile, i-phlegm iqala ukugeleza phansi odongeni. Ngenxa yalokho, zonke izinqubo ziyaphazamiseka.

6. Ukugcwaliswa okungalungile kwe-cube namandla enqwaba. Ikhiyubhu ingagcwaliswa ngenani eliphakeme elingu-¾ levolumu, kuyilapho amandla engxube egcwele yotshwala yamanzi akumele adlule ku-35% vol.

7. Ukungcola kwengaphakathi lomshini. Ukunqwabelana ngaphakathi kwamashubhu kuvimbela ukunyakaza okuvamile kwephlegm. I-apparatus kufanele ihlakazwe futhi ihlanzwe ngezikhathi ezithile, ikakhulukazi uma izingxenye zayo ngazinye zisetshenziselwa ukuhluzwa kwe-distillation yokuqala neyesibili, ukucwiliswa kanye nokulungiswa.

8. Umehluko ekucindezelweni komkhathi. Inkinga ihambisana namakholomu anobude obungaphezu kuka-1,5 m. Lapho ukucindezela komkhathi kushintsha, amandla anikeziwe emodi yangaphambi kokuqunjelwa angashintsha ngo-5-10%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukucindezela komkhathi akuguquki kuphela ngesimo sezulu, kodwa futhi nokuphakama. Isibonelo, imingcele yokusebenza yemishini efanayo endlini yangasese nasesitezi sesishiyagalolunye sesakhiwo sefulethi ingase ihluke.

9. Ukuminyanisa kwegobolondo ne-tube dephlegmator. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa kwe-distillation kwesibili, uma umlomo wombhobho wokushintsha kampompi olayishiwe ucindezelwa ngokuqinile ngaphansi kwe-reflux condenser. Ingozi yezikhukhula iphezulu ku-condenser ye-reflux (enendawo elingana nengqikithi yepayipi lesitimu), ehlanganiswe enanini elikhulu lamashubhu amancane.

shiya impendulo