I-catfish evamile ingummeleli omkhulu kakhulu womndeni we-catfish. Igama lesibili lezinhlanzi yi-European catfish, lolu hlobo (Silurus glanis) luchazwa njengezinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile, ezinkulu ngobukhulu futhi ezingenazo izikali.
I-genus Soma ihlanganisa izinhlobo eziyi-14 eziphambili zomndeni we-catfish, lezi yizi:
- I-Silurus glanis - i-catfish evamile;
- Silurus soldatovi - Soldatova catfish;
- I-Silurus asotus - i-Amur catfish;
- I-Silurus biwaensis;
- I-Silurus duanensis;
- I-Silurus grahamii;
- I-Silurus lithophilus;
- I-Catfish esilevini;
- i-catfish ka-Aristotle;
- I-catfish yaseNingizimu;
- i-Silurus microdorsalis;
- I-Silurus biwaensis;
- I-Silurus lanzhouensis;
- I-Silurian triostegus.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu phakathi kwezihlobo kwakuyi-catfish evamile, lokhu kungummeleli ophawulekayo wohlobo - i-Soma.
Izici zezinhlobo zesici
Isithombe: www.spinningpro.ru
Ku-classifier yomhlaba, i-ichthyologists yahlukanisa uhlobo lwe-catfish njengekilasi lezinhlanzi ezine-ray-finned. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwesayensi, abameleli bokuqala bekilasi, i-ray-finned, babehlala emanzini iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-390 BC. inhlanzi eyikati. Leli yiqembu lasendulo, njengoba kufakazelwa ama-atavism amaningi emzimbeni wezinhlanzi.
Uma ngisho nangekhulu leminyaka elidlule kwakungenzeka ukubamba i-catfish yomfula enesisindo esingaphezu kuka-350 kg nobude bomzimba obungaphezu kwamamitha angu-4 ngaphandle kwezinkinga, namuhla lezi zindondo azikho ngaphezu kwama-30 kg, futhi izilinganiso ezijwayelekile azivamile ukuba nesisindo esingaphezu kuka-15. kg. Isibonelo esikhulu kunazo zonke se-catfish ebanjwe ezweni lethu sabhalwa ukuhlolwa kwezinhlanzi esifundeni saseKursk. Kwakuyi-trophy catfish enesisindo esingama-200 kg, yabanjwa engxenyeni yomfula iSeim ngo-2009.
Ikhanda elikhulu nelicindezelwe endizeni evundlile enomlomo obanzi namehlo amancane ahlukanisiwe (ngokuhambisana nobukhulu bomzimba), lezi izimpawu ezijwayelekile zenhlanzi. Imbobo yomlomo, enamazinyo amancane, amise okwebhulashi, iyakwazi ukugwinya inyamazane cishe yonke isayizi, ngokuvamile izinyoni nezilwane ezincane ezifika emgodini wokuchelela echibini ziba yizisulu.
Amapheya amathathu entshebe abekwe ekhanda lenhlanzi, eyokuqala kanye nezinde kakhulu zitholakala emhlathini ongenhla, kanti ezimbili ezisele zingaphansi. Kwakungenxa yamadevu ukuthi i-catfish yathola isiteketiso "ihhashi likaDeveli", kwakukhona inkolelo yokuthi i-merman, egibele izinhlanzi ekujuleni kwechibi, yayigcinwe phezu kwayo, ibambelele kumadevu amabili. Izikhwebu ‘zomshayeli wenqola yamanzi’ zisebenza njengesitho sokuthinta.
Umbala womzimba wezinhlanzi uncike kakhulu enkathini, indawo yokuhlala, futhi ngokwezinga elikhulu embala wephansi nezinto ezikuwo. Ezimweni eziningi, umbala umnyama futhi umpunga, useduze nomnyama. Emachibini anomzila ongashoni kanye nezimila eziningi, umbala wezinhlanzi useduze nomnqumo noma oluhlaza ngokumpunga, namachashaza amathoni amnyama ahlakazekile phezu kwawo. Ezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona indawo ephansi enesihlabathi, i-catfish inombala onobuphuzi obuningi kanye nesisu esikhanyayo.
Amaphiko ezinhlanzi anamathoni amnyama kunomzimba ngokwawo, i-fin engenhla (i-dorsal) ayinkulu ngobukhulu, cishe ayibonakali emzimbeni oyisicaba, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuthola i-catfish elele emgodini ongezansi. . I-anal fin, ngokungafani ne-dorsal, inkulu, iphansi futhi ifinyelela ubude obungu-2/3 womzimba wonke, ephakathi kwe-caudal eyindilinga kanye nama-pelvic fins.
Isithombe: www.podvodnyj-mir-i-vse-ego-tajny.ru
Umzimba omkhulu wenhlanzi uyindilinga, njengoba isuka ekhanda iye ephikweni le-caudal, igijima kakhulu, icindezelekile endizeni eqondile. Ingxenye yomzimba we-caudal, njenge-anal fin ngokwayo, ibude, inamandla, kodwa ngenxa yesisindo esikhulayo somuntu ngamunye, ayikwazi ukwenza inhlanzi esheshayo ngokudubula okungaqondakali.
Isici esiphawulekayo nesihlukile se-European catfish ukungabikho kwezikali, lo msebenzi wenziwa yizindlala, ezibuye zimboze umzimba nge-mucus evikelayo.
habitat
Isithombe: www.oodbay.com
I-catfish evamile yathola indawo yokuhlala engxenyeni yaseYurophu ye-Motherland yethu, lapho yaba yinto yokuzalanisa okwenziwa, emiphongolweni yolwandle:
- Mnyama;
- ICaspian;
- Azov;
- I-Baltic.
Ngenxa yemvelo ethanda ukushisa yezinhlanzi, emanzini aseBaltic, ukuthunjwa kwayo kuyinto ehlukile, futhi kunzima ukubiza i-trophy yezibonelo ezibanjiwe.
I-Silurus glanis ivame ukutholakala emifuleni eminingi yaseYurophu:
- I-Dnieper;
- Kuban;
- I-Volga;
- Wisla;
- I-Danube;
- Hay;
- Ebro;
- Ukudla;
- I-Rhine;
- ILoire.
E-Pyrenees nase-Apennines, lolu hlobo lwezilwane alukaze lube olomdabu, lwangeniswa ngempumelelo ekhulwini leminyaka ngaphambi kokuba lwagcina lungena emifuleni i-Po ne-Ebro, lapho lwabuye lwandisa khona izinombolo zalo. Kuvele isimo esifanayo emifuleni:
- IDenmark;
- EFrance;
- Abase Netherlands;
- I-Belgium.
Manje lolu hlobo lungatholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngaphezu kweYurophu kanye nengxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia, i-Silurus glanis ingatholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Iran ne-Asia Ephakathi. Ekhulwini elidlule, umzamo omkhulu kanye nesikhathi sachithwa yi-ichthyologists ye "Institute of Fisheries" ukwandisa inani labantu baseSilurus Glanis eLake Balkhash, lapho landa khona ngempumelelo amanani, kanye nasemachibini nasemifuleni ehlanganisiwe. inethiwekhi yomcengezi wayo. Inani labantu basendle be-Silurus glanis, nakuba landise indawo yalo yokuhlala, alizange libe yinto yokudoba ngenxa yesibalo esincane sabantu.
Imifula egcwele amanzi, ngezinye izikhathi izindawo ezinosawoti olwandle eduze nomfula, isiyindawo eyintandokazi lapho i-catfish izizwa ikhululekile.
Iningi lama-subspecies ohlobo lwe-Soma, ngaphezu kweYurophu, lathola izimo ezivumayo zokwandisa inani labantu emanzini afudumele emifuleni:
- EChina;
- Korea;
- Japan
- iNdiya;
- iMelika;
- I-Indonesia;
- Afrika.
Uma sicabangela izindawo ezizithandayo ze-catfish ngaphakathi kwe-reservoir, khona-ke lokhu kuzoba indawo ejulile enomgodi ojulile. Ngokwehla kwezinga lokushisa kwamanzi, uzokhetha umgodi phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla ezikhukhula futhi ezigeziwe, lapho "umnikazi" wakhe, ngisho nesikhathi sokuzingela, uhamba ngomkhumbi ngokungafuni nangesikhathi esifushane.
Isikhathi sokuhlala endaweni ekhethiwe ye-catfish singahlala kukho konke ukuphila kwayo, izimo ezimbi kuphela ngendlela yokushoda kokudla, ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi kungayiphoqa ukuba ishiye ikhaya layo. Umbuzo uphakama ngokushesha, ingabe lolu hlobo lwezilwane lukwazi ukuphila isikhathi eside kangakanani? I-Silurus Glanis, ngokusho kwe-ichthyologists, ingaphila iminyaka engu-30-60, kodwa kukhona amaqiniso aqinisekisiwe ukuthi abantu abaneminyaka engu-70-80 ubudala babanjiwe.
Isithombe: www.ribnydom.ru
Ukudla
Ukuze uthole isisindo somzimba esinjalo, kusobala ukuthi izinhlanzi zidinga ukudla kanzima. Ukudla kwe-Silurus glanis kufana nalokho kwe-gourmet yomfula, kufaka phakathi:
- inhlanzi;
- amaxoxo;
- igobolondo;
- izinambuzane;
- inyoni;
- encane
- izibungu zezinambuzane;
- izibungu;
- izimila ezingezansi nezisogwini.
Esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula, ukudla komuntu okhulayo kuhlanganisa izinhlanzi ezithosiwe, izibungu kanye nama-crustaceans amancane. Ngokufika kombuso wabantu abadala kanye nesisindo somzimba, i-catfish mancane amathuba okuthi ikwazi ukuzingela “ukudla” okuhlosiwe, ikhukhuleka emanzini ngomlomo ovulekile, iwahlunge, idonse imifudlana yamanzi enezilwane ezincane ingene phakathi kwayo. umlomo.
Emini, inyamazane enamadevu ikhetha ukulala emgodini wayo, futhi lapho kufika ukupholisa ebusuku, ihambe iyozingela. Amadevu amsiza ukuba alandelele isimo kanye nezinhlanzi ezincane ezisondelayo, zona, ezikhangwa amadevu anyakazayo, afana nesibungu. Amaqhinga okuzingela ajwayelekile futhi abalwa ngenhlanhla, kuphela esemncane i-catfish iphishekela inyamazane ngendlela yezinhlanzi ezincane, futhi noma kunjalo, hhayi isikhathi eside.
Ukuzalela
Kusukela ekubunjweni kokushisa kwamanzi okuzinzile okuhle okungenani okungu-160 Kusukela esikhathini sokuzala kwe-Silurus glanis siqala, sihambisana nesikhathi sikaMeyi sokuqhakaza futhi sihlala kuze kube maphakathi nehlobo, konke kuncike esifundeni lapho ichibi likhona. Ilindele ukuqala kwesikhathi sokuzala, i-catfish iqala amalungiselelo ngendlela yokuhlela isidleke ogwini lwesihlabathi, lapho insikazi izobe ibeka amaqanda.
Isithombe: www.rybalka.guru
Kuye kwafakazelwa ngokwesayensi ukuthi inani lamaqanda ku-clutch lilingana ngokuqondile nesisindo sowesifazane, ngokuvamile kuyamukelwa ukuthi kunamaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingu-1 nge-30 kg yesisindo somuntu ovuthiwe. Ngenxa ye-fecundity enjalo, i-Silurus glanis iyakwazi ukuba uhlobo lwendabuko lwechibi lapho yavela khona okokuqala esikhathini esiyiminyaka engama-50-70.
Ekupheleni kokuzala, i-Silurus glanis yesifazane ishiya isidleke sayo sendabuko, futhi zonke izinkathazo: ukuvikelwa, ukungena kwe-aeration yenzalo yesikhathi esizayo, kuwela owesilisa. Isikhathi sokunakekelwa kwabesilisa kwamaqanda sihlala amasonto ama-2, emva kwalokho kuvela ama-fry, kodwa abakakwazi ukushiya isidleke, ngoba abakakwazi ukuzondla ngokwabo. Umthombo wokudla okunomsoco kubo yiyona yonke inqwaba yeprotheyini esikhwameni se-caviar, okuvela kuyo ukuthosa.
Ngemuva kwamanye amasonto ama-2, ngenkathi i-fry isesidlekeni, iduna linakekela inzalo. Kuphela ngemva kokuba isizukulwane siqala ukuhlukana ngamaqembu futhi sizama ukwenza imizamo yokuzimela ngokufuna ukudla, futhi "ubaba" onakekelayo uyaqiniseka emandleni enzalo, uyamvumela ukuba abhukude ngokukhululekile.
Izinhlanzi ezinkulu azinazo izitha, iningi lezitha litholakala endleleni ye-catfish esigabeni sayo sokuqala sokukhula, kuyilapho i-pike noma i-perch ingayizingela. Akekho osongela i-caviar clutch noma, ngoba ihlale ingaphansi kokuqondisa komuntu omdala. Ngokuyisisekelo, inani elikhulu labantu be-Silurus glanis liyehla ngenxa yokubanjwa kwabantu ngokungacabangi, kanye nokungenelela komuntu ohlelweni lwemvelo lwechibi.