Okuqukethwe
- Izikelemu, imbangela yezinkinga ezinkulu emakati
- Izinhlobo ze-helminths emakati
- Izimbangela zezikelemu emakati
- Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwekati elinezikelemu
- Ukwelashwa kwe-helminthiases emakati
- Ngabe uzokhipha nini umnyombo wekati lami?
- Yikuphi ukudla okusiza ekuqedeni izikelemu?
- Ukuvimbela izikelemu emakati
Esikhathini sabo sokuphila, amakati achayeka kuma-parasites amaningi angaphakathi. Yize iningi libaphuca ingxenye encane kuphela yokudla kwabo, ezinye zingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ukuthinta inhliziyo yekati noma amaphaphu.
Ukubulala izikelemu kuyindlela yokuvikela ebalulekile yokulwa nezilokazane zangaphakathi zekati lakho nokusiza ukulawula izinombolo zazo.
Izikelemu, imbangela yezinkinga ezinkulu emakati
Izinhlobo ezimbili zezikelemu zikhona emakati ethu. Esokuqala futhi esivame kakhulu yizibungu eziyindilinga. Ziyizikelemu ezidluliseka zidluliselwe kwezinye izilwane nakubantu. Uhlobo lwesibili, olungandile kakhulu lwezibungu yizikelemu ezibizwa ngamaCestode. Ekugcineni, kukhona nezikelemu eziyizikelemu ezinde. Lezi zinambuzane zibaluleke kakhulu kwezilwane ngoba zingadala izilonda ezinkulu ezithweni ezingcolisayo, futhi zingadluliselwa kubantu.
Iningi lalezi zimpethu lizohlala futhi likhule endaweni yokugaya isilwane, futhi ikakhulukazi emathunjini. Bazophuca ikati ezinye izakhi zomzimba, kepha futhi badle negazi lekati abalikhubaza.
Kwesinye isikhathi izibungu zifudukela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zesilwane, ezingazilimaza kakhulu futhi zidale ikati lakho libe nezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Izimpethu ezithile, ngenhlanhla azivamile, nazo zizonamathela enhliziyweni, emaphashini noma ezingeni lesinye. Ngokuya ngokuthi zifakwe kuphi, zingaba imbangela yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, izinkinga zokuphefumula noma i-cystitis ephindaphindayo. Ekugcineni, kuma-kittens, i-ascariasis ebalulekile ingaba yimbi kakhulu futhi kwesinye isikhathi ibulale. Kodwa-ke, yisifo esivamile esidluliselwa esiswini sikamama, ngokuncelisa, noma ngokuhlangana nendle engcolile futhi singadluliselwa ngobisi lukamama noma ngokuhlangana nendle.
Amakati atheleleka ikakhulu ngokuhlangana nezinye izilwane ezinegciwane. Njengoba izibungu zingacaciswanga nohlobo oluthile, zidlula kalula zisuka ezinjeni noma kumagundane ziye emakati. Kumakati aphumayo, kungenzeka ukuthi atheleleke ngokuzingela nokudla amagundane, amagundane, noma izinyoni. Ekugcineni, ngisho namakati asendlini angalokothi aphume angakhubazeka ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi sibuyise izicathulo zethu izibungu, amaqanda noma izibungu.
Izinhlobo ze-helminths emakati
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezikelemu. Kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izibungu ezitholakala emzimbeni (i-tape, i-fluke, i-flat noma eyindilinga), kukhona i-nematodosis, i-trematodosis, i-toxocaridiasis, i-opisthorchiasis ne-cestodosis. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-30 zezibungu kuleli qembu.
Izikelemu:
- Ama-Trematodes (ama-flukes). I-Opisthorchiasis ibalulekile kumakati nakubantu.
- Ama-Cestodes (ama-tapeworms):
- Amaribhoni
- amaketanga
Izikelemu:
- AmaNematode
- I-Ascaris
- I-Toxocara
- isikelemu
Nakuba zonke izinhlobo zezikelemu ezingama-parasitic zingangena ezilwaneni, izikelemu ezivame kakhulu emakati izikelemu eziyindilinga noma izikelemu.
AmaNematode
Ama-Nematodes amancane, izikelemu ezincane ezifika ku-2 cm ubude. Ziphakathi kwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezimuncagazi zangaphakathi zezilwane. Ukutheleleka kwekati nge-nematodes kwenzeka ngokuthintana nezilwane ezinegciwane, lapho udla indle equkethe amaqanda e-helminth. Izikelemu emakatini zingavela uma zidla ubisi lukamama. Amagciwane adla igazi lezilwane, anamathela ezindongeni zamathumbu, futhi ayingozi enkulu empilweni yezilwane, ikakhulukazi amakati. Amaqanda nezibungu zidluliselwa endle futhi zingathelela abantu noma ezinye izilwane.
I-Cestodes
I-Cestodes, noma ama-parasites e-tape flat, anobude obuyi-10 kuya ku-80 cm. Umzimba wesibungu uqukethe amasegimenti amaningi, noma amasegimenti. Amakati angatheleleka ngokudla isilwane esiphakathi nendawo, njengamazeze noma amagundane, athwala lolu hlobo lwe-parasite. Ezilwaneni ezinegciwane, izingxenye ze-helminth, ezibukeka zifana nezinhlamvu zelayisi, zingabonakala eboyeni ku-anus noma emanzini. I-Cestodes i-parasitize emaphashini ezilwane.
Izikelemu eziyindilinga
Ama-Roundworms angenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-helminths emakati futhi afana ne-spaghetti ngokubukeka. Ubude bama-parasite abudluli ku-5 cm, kodwa izibonelo ezinde zitholakala ngezinye izikhathi. Isibalo esiphezulu sezikelemu sibonwa emathunjini amancane. Ngokuqoqwa okuphawulekayo, ukuvinjelwa kwama-bile ducts kanye ne-lumen yamathumbu kwenzeka. Leli qembu lama-parasites liyingozi kakhulu kumakati, ngoba imikhiqizo yawo ye-metabolic inobuthi kakhulu emzimbeni futhi, uma ingaqediwe ngesikhathi, ingabangela ukudakwa okukhulu kanye nokungezwani komzimba.
I-Toxocara
Izikelemu zalolu hlobo ziyizilokazane eziyindilinga ezingamasentimitha amahlanu ezihlala kumphimbo, inyongo, isibindi nasemathunjini ezilwane. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngomlomo noma esibelethweni. Ama-toxocars ayingozi enkulu kumakati, ngoba angaholela ekuqhekekeni kwamathumbu.
Ikhukhamba amaketanga
Ukutheleleka ngalezi zinambuzane kwenzeka lapho amakati ene-ectoparasites - amazeze noma abunayo - athwala amaqanda ezikelemu. Emzimbeni wekati, ubukhulu be-tapeworms bungadlula ama-30 cm, futhi emzimbeni womuntu, ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo, ngaphezu kwemitha. Uhlobo olungajabulisi kakhulu futhi oluyingozi lwama-parasites angaphakathi. Amaketanga ngosizo lwezinyosi ezibukhali agxiliwe ezindongeni zamathumbu, ezithinta ulwelwesi lwamafinyila.
Iribhoni ebanzi
Izikelemu ze-Parasitic zalolu hlobo emzimbeni wesilwane esikhulile zingafinyelela ubude obungaphezu kwamamitha angu-2, kanti emzimbeni womuntu ngokwelashwa okungazelelwe - ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-11. Njengomthetho, ukutheleleka kwenzeka lapho izilwane zidla izinhlanzi zasemfuleni ezingaphekiwe. Izimpawu ziyafana nokutheleleka nge-cucumber tapeworms.
Izimbangela zezikelemu emakati
I-helminths ingangena kokubili umgwaqo kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo. Izibungu zezikelemu zingena emzimbeni wesilwane nokudla noma zilethwe endlini zigqoke izicathulo.
Izimbangela zokuvela kwezibungu emakati, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni, zimi kanje:
- Ukuba khona kwama-ectoparasites (amazeze, abuna) esilwaneni esifuywayo.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yenyama eluhlaza, izinhlanzi zasemfuleni noma zasolwandle. Ngokuvamile, ama-cysts atholakala ezinhlanzi zasemfuleni ezingavuthiwe.
- Ukuthintana nezilwane ezinegciwane.
- Ukutheleleka nge-intrauterine okuvela ekatini elinegciwane.
Enyameni eluhlaza, ngisho nangemva kweqhwa nokugeza kahle, ama-cysts worm angatholakala. Ikakhulukazi ngokuvamile zitholakala cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasemfuleni, ngoba emzimbeni wabo inqubo yokuvuthwa kwezibungu iyenzeka. Izinhlanzi zingabasingathi abaphakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi ze-helminths. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlanzi iqukethe inani elikhulu le-phosphorus, futhi ngenxa ye-supersaturation yomzimba wesilwane esifuywayo ngalesi sici, i-metabolism ingaphazanyiswa, ngakho-ke kungcono ukukhipha izinhlanzi zasemfuleni ekudleni kwamakati.
Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwekati elinezikelemu
Izimpawu zezibungu emakati zingaba nohlamvu oluhlukile kanye nezinga lokubonakaliswa, kuye ngezinga lomonakalo kanye nokuba khona emzimbeni wesinye noma olunye uhlobo lwezibungu ze-parasitic. Ezigabeni zokuqala zokutheleleka, izimpawu zezikelemu emakati zingase zingabonakali noma zibe mnene.
Yiziphi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zezikelemu emakati?
- Ukugaya kanye nokuphazamiseka kwamathumbu (ukuhlanza, ukuqunjelwa ekati , okuthathelwa indawo isifo sohudo, ukwenqaba ukondla, noma okuphambene nalokho, ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla).
- Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukukhwehlela kungase kwenzeke esilwaneni esifuywayo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokulimala kwezikelemu.
- I-jaundice yolwelwesi lwamafinyila, ukwanda kwesibindi.
- Izimpawu ze-anemia, ezibonakala ikakhulukazi kumakati.
- Ijazi eliguquliwe, elifiphele. Ukuqothuka kwezinwele.
- Ukuluma endunu.
- Ukuqubuka okuncane, ukulahlekelwa izinwele eduze kwe-anus.
- Ukukhishwa kwe-purulent okukhulu noma okunzima emehlweni noma ekhaleni
- Ukuba khona koquqaba lwegazi endle
- Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izimpawu zokudakwa zitholwa. Ukukhubazeka kwezitho zangemuva kungase kukhule.
- Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukukhipha isisu.
- Ukwandiswa okuphawulekayo kwesisu sekati.
- ukubambezeleka kokuthuthuka kwamakati.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izimpawu zokuhlasela kwe-helminthic zingase zifane nezimpawu zezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma ezithathelwanayo. Uma ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhishwa izikelemu, isimo esijwayelekile sesilwane singaba sibi kakhulu, okuyinto ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ezingaholela ekufeni. Kungenzeka ukusungula ukuthi lezi yizimpawu zezibungu emakati kuphela ngemva kokwenza ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kanye nelebhu, ngakho-ke, ngokusola okuncane ukuthi isilwane esifuywayo sinezinambuzane zangaphakathi, akufanele ubambezele ukuvakashela kudokotela wezilwane.
Ukwelashwa kwe-helminthiases emakati
Izilwane ezingenwe izikelemu zinqunyelwe izidakamizwa ze-anti-spectrum anthelmintic ezithinta zonke izinhlobo ze-helminths, noma izidakamizwa ezithinta izikelemu ezithile. Izidakamizwa zanamuhla empeleni azinawo umthelela onobuthi emzimbeni, kepha kubalulekile ukubheka umthamo futhi ucabangele ukuphikisana. Ama-Anthelmintics atholakala ngendlela yamaphilisi, ukumiswa kanye namaconsi lapho kubuna.
Imithi ephumelela kakhulu yokwelapha izikelemu emakati:
- I-Drontal.
- Umdidiyeli.
- Milbemx.
- Inqaba.
- I-Pirantel.
- I-Caniquantel.
- I-Prosit.
- I-Prazicide.
- I-Pratel.
Uma unendaba nesimo sesilwane sakho esifuywayo, akufanele uzame ukwelapha ikati lakho ngamaphilisi uwedwa, ngoba lokhu kungasenza sibe sibi kakhulu isimo saso. Inqubo yokuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kwezibungu kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, umthethosivivinywa ungaqhubeka izinsuku, ikakhulukazi uma isilwane sibuthakathaka. Udokotela wezilwane kufanele anikeze izidakamizwa zokwelashwa kwe-helminths emakati.
Lapho unikeza izidakamizwa ze-anthelmintic, kufanele unamathele ngokuqinile emiyalweni yekhambi kanye nomthamo okhonjiswe kuwo.
Ngaphambi kokuthatha amaphilisi, udinga ukususa isilwane amazeze nezinye izimuncagazi zangaphandle. Uma kungenjalo, ukwelashwa kwezikelemu ngeke kusebenze. Ungasebenzisa izindlela zokuqeda ngasikhathi sinye izimuncagazi zangaphandle nezangaphakathi, isibonelo, amaconsi ekubuneni kweStronghold.
Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isilwane sigwinya ithebhulethi ngokuphelele. Ukusabela okungokwemvelo kwekati kuzoba ukwenqatshwa "kwempatho" enjalo enganambitheki futhi engavamile, ngakho-ke, ukuze isilwane singalikhafuli iphilisi, futhi umuthi ovela ezimpethu ungena emzimbeni ngenani elifanele, okulandelayo: izindlela ezisetshenziswayo:
- Ithebhulethi echotshoziwe ixubene nenani elincane lomuthi oyintandokazi wekati. Ukudla okumanzi okuhambisana nokuvumelana okufanayo kulungele kangcono le njongo, njengokuphakelayo kwezimboni njenge-pate, i-jelly noma i-mousse, kanye nenyama yenkomo eyenziwe ekhaya noma yenkukhu.
- Ungasebenzisa iphilisi yephilisi (inducer noma i-tablet dispenser) - idivayisi ekhethekile ethengiswa emakhemisi futhi ngaphandle efana nesirinji enethiphu yerabha ethambile. Ithebhulethi igxiliwe ku-tip, umlomo wekati uvuliwe, ithiphu ibekwe eduze ngangokunokwenzeka empandeni yolimi futhi ithebhulethi iphushwa ngaphandle ngokucindezela i-piston. Vala futhi ubambe umlomo wekati, kuyilapho uvuselela ukugwinya ngokuphulula umphimbo kusukela phezulu kuya phansi. Inqubo efanayo ingenziwa ngeminwe yakho, noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwephilisi kulula kakhulu ngenxa yobubanzi obuncane bensimbi kanye nekhono lokubeka iphilisi eduze kwe-larynx.
- Ithebhulethi echotshoziwe ichithwa emanzini amancane, emva kwalokho isisombululo esiphumela sijojowe ngemuva kwesihlathi sekati sisebenzisa i-syringe ngaphandle kwenaliti. Bamba umlomo isilwane size siwugwinye umuthi.
Endabeni yokusebenzisa indlela yesibili noma yesithathu yokunikeza ithebhulethi esilwaneni esifuywayo, ukukhishwa amathe ngokweqile kungenzeka - lokhu kuyindlela evamile yokusabela komzimba kwekati.
Ukuze usebenze kahle, ukwelashwa kwezibungu ekati kuyaphindwa, ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-14, kuye ngokuthi umuthi kanye nezinga lokuhlasela kwe-helminthic. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukwelashwa okude kungase kudingeke.
Ukulawulwa kokwelashwa kwe-anthelmintic kwenziwa ngezindlela zaselabhorethri, ukuhlola indle ukuze kube khona amaqanda nezibungu zezibungu.
Ngabe uzokhipha nini umnyombo wekati lami?
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izilwane eziningi ezinegciwane azizibonisi izimpawu ekuqaleni. Ngakho-ke ikati lakho lingabonakala liphilile, njengoba izikelemu zondla futhi zizalele kuzo.
Kwezinye izimo, futhi uma kwenzeka kungenwa yizikelemu okukhulu, kuzokwazi ukubona amaqanda noma izibungu zezikelemu ngqo endle yesilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-parasitosis yangaphakathi kufanele ishiwo ngokushesha nje lapho ikati lakho lihlanza noma liba nohudo, uma libonakala liphaphathekile noma lingenalo igazi, noma uma isimo salo jikelele sincipha. Ukwehla kwesisindo noma kobungqabavu nakho kungaba uphawu lwekholi olubalulekile. Ekugcineni, kuma-kittens bloating abalulekile kanye nesisu esivuvukile nakho kuyisibonakaliso.
Izikelemu zamakati azinawo umphumela wokuvikela, kepha zisetshenziswa kuphela njengomuthi wokwelapha. Bazosebenza lapho bethathwa, ngomphumela "wokuqhuma" ozobulala zonke izimpethu ezindala ezikhona ngaleso sikhathi. Ukuvikela ukuthi isilwane singangcoliseki kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukusiphatha njalo.
Ngokuya ngempilo yekati, ukwelashwa kuzokwenziwa izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezi-2 ngonyaka. Kumakati asendlini, lapho ingcindezi yezinambuzane iphansi khona, ukwelashwa kabili ngonyaka kwanele. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kumakati aphuma kakhulu, isibulali-misane kufanele sinikezwe okungenani kane ngonyaka, ngoshintsho ngalunye lwesizini.
AmaKati, azwela ikakhulukazi kuma-parasites angaphakathi, kufanele athole ukwelashwa okukhethekile futhi okufanele. Ngakho-ke kumele bakhishwe izikelemu kusukela ezinsukwini ezineminyaka engu-15 futhi ukwelashwa kufanele kuphindwe njalo ngenyanga, kuze kufike ezinnyangeni eziyisithupha.
Amakati akhulelwe kufanele futhi elashwe ukuze angadlulisi ama-parasites kuzinyane lawo. Kumele zibhodliswe izikelemu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokukhwelwa, bese kuthi lapho zizungeza usuku lwama-45 lokukhulelwa kanye nasekuzalweni.
Yikuphi ukudla okusiza ekuqedeni izikelemu?
Ukuthola isibulala-nzungu esivumelane nesilwane sakho, isisindo saso nendlela yaso yokuphila, khuluma nodokotela wezilwane wakho. Iningi lezikelemu libamba amaphilisi noma amapayipi.
Amaphilisi, ukwelashwa okuvame kakhulu, kufanele agwinywe yikati. Uma kunesidingo, zingafihlwa ekudleni okuncane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isilwane sizithatha ngendlela efanele. Amapayipi ngokuvamile kulula ukuwasebenzisa. Kunoma ikuphi, kuzobaluleka ukukhetha isibulala-nzalo esinezinto eziningi ezilwa nazo ne-ascaris, cestode, njll.
Qaphela amakhambi kagogo ahloselwe ukubulala ikati izikelemu. Imvamisa azisebenzi futhi kwesinye isikhathi zinobuthi esilwaneni. Ekugcineni, ngaphandle kwenkolelo evamile, ikati elidla utshani alizibulali izikelemu.
Njengoba izibungu zidluliselwa kalula zisuka kwesinye isilwane ziye kwesinye, kuzodingeka ukuthi kukhunjulwe ukwelapha zonke izilwane ezisendlini ngasikhathi sinye. Kuzodingeka futhi ukuhlanganisa le ndlela yokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa kwamazeze ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, ngoba lokhu kungadlulisa amaqanda ezikelemu zesikelemu. Ekugcineni, imfucumfucu yekati kufanele ihlanzwe njalo njalo ukugwema ukuphinde ungcoliswe.
Ukuvimbela izikelemu emakati
Udinga ukulandela imithetho elula ezosiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka kwesilwane sakho
Izikelemu emakatini ngeke zivele uma ulandela lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Ungalivumeli ikati ukuthi lihlangane nezilwane ezinegciwane.
- Njalo uphathe izilwane ngezindlela ezikhethekile ezivela ectoparasites, ngisho noma isilwane sakho singekho emgwaqweni futhi asikhulumi nezinye izilwane.
- Yondla ukudla okuyikhwalithi. Nikeza isilwane ukudla okusha kuphela futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubeke esiqandisini noma ulahle ukudla okusele osekuhlale endishini yekati isikhathi eside. Ungafaki nhlobo izinhlanzi zasemfuleni ezingahluziwe ekudleni.
- Gcina izicathulo zakho emakhakheni avaliwe, ikakhulukazi uma unekati elikhulelwe noma amakati amancane ekhaya.
- Amaphilisi okuvimbela izikelemu emakati anikezwa amasonto amabili ngaphambili ikati liyakhwelana futhi liyagonywa .
- Gcina ibhokisi likadoti nezitsha zekati zihlanzekile. Ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka kwesilwane, kunconywa ukuhlanza udoti wekati ngamagilavu alahlwayo futhi ulandele imithetho eyisisekelo yokuhlanzeka.
Ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukunamathela ngokugcwele emithethweni engenhla, kodwa kungenzeka ukunciphisa amathuba okutheleleka. Ukuvimbela izibungu emakati kungase kube ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yabantu, kodwa ukusebenza kwabo kuyangabazeka. I-carrot juice enemas, i-tincture yomhlonyane, i-decoction ye-tansy evamile izosiza ukuvimbela ngisho nokuqeda ukuhlasela kwe-helminthic ezigabeni zokuqala. Kodwa le mithi ayisebenzi kahle kunezidakamizwa zokuvimbela izikelemu emakati.
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