Inani lokudla okunempilo kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali.
Ithebula likhombisa okuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba (ama-calories, amaprotheni, amafutha, ama-carbohydrate, amavithamini namaminerali) ngakunye 100 amagremu ingxenye edliwayo.
| Umsoco | Ubuningi | Okujwayelekile ** | % kokujwayelekile ku-100 g | % kokujwayelekile ku-100 kcal | 100% ejwayelekile |
| Inani lekhalori | I-363 kCal | I-1684 kCal | 21.6% | 6% | 464 g |
| Amaprotheni | 17.4 g | 76 g | 22.9% | 6.3% | 437 g |
| Amafutha | 32.4 g | 56 g | 57.9% | 16% | 173 g |
| Water | 47.1 g | 2273 g | 2.1% | 0.6% | 4826 g |
| Ash | 3.1 g | ~ | |||
| Vitamins | |||||
| Uvithamini A, RE | 30 µg | 900 µg | 3.3% | 0.9% | 3000 g |
| I-Retinol | I-0.03 mg | ~ | |||
| Uvithamini B1, thiamine | I-0.03 mg | I-1.5 mg | 2% | 0.6% | 5000 g |
| Uvithamini B2, riboflavin | I-0.1 mg | I-1.8 mg | 5.6% | 1.5% | 1800 g |
| Uvithamini B5, i-pantothenic | I-0.2 mg | I-5 mg | 4% | 1.1% | 2500 g |
| Uvithamini B6, pyridoxine | I-0.13 mg | I-2 mg | 6.5% | 1.8% | 1538 g |
| Uvithamini B9, folate | 15.5 µg | 400 µg | 3.9% | 1.1% | 2581 g |
| Uvithamini C, ascorbic | I-1.5 mg | I-90 mg | 1.7% | 0.5% | 6000 g |
| Uvithamini D, calciferol | 20.5 µg | 10 µg | 205% | 56.5% | 49 g |
| Uvithamini E, i-alpha tocopherol, TE | I-8.8 mg | I-15 mg | 58.7% | 16.2% | 170 g |
| Uvithamini PP, NE | I-5.3 mg | I-20 mg | 26.5% | 7.3% | 377 g |
| niacin | I-2.4 mg | ~ | |||
| AmaMacronutrients | |||||
| I-Potassium, uK | I-350 mg | I-2500 mg | 14% | 3.9% | 714 g |
| ICalcium, Ca | I-300 mg | I-1000 mg | 30% | 8.3% | 333 g |
| I-Magnesium, Mg | I-55 mg | I-400 mg | 13.8% | 3.8% | 727 g |
| I-Sodium, Na | I-635 mg | I-1300 mg | 48.8% | 13.4% | 205 g |
| Isibabule, S | I-174 mg | I-1000 mg | 17.4% | 4.8% | 575 g |
| IPhosphorus, uP | I-350 mg | I-800 mg | 43.8% | 12.1% | 229 g |
| Iklorini, Cl | I-1313 mg | I-2300 mg | 57.1% | 15.7% | 175 g |
| Landelela Izinto | |||||
| Insimbi, Fe | I-2 mg | I-18 mg | 11.1% | 3.1% | 900 g |
| ICobalt, Co | 60 µg | 10 µg | 600% | 165.3% | 17 g |
| I-Manganese, Mn | I-0.2 mg | I-2 mg | 10% | 2.8% | 1000 g |
| Ithusi, Cu | 160 µg | 1000 µg | 16% | 4.4% | 625 g |
| IMolybdenum, Mo. | 12 µg | 70 µg | 17.1% | 4.7% | 583 g |
| UNickel, uNi | 14 µg | ~ | |||
| AmaSterols | |||||
| Cholesterol | I-72 mg | ubukhulu obungama-300 mg | |||
| Ama-acids anelisiwe | |||||
| Ama-acids anelisiwe | 6.3 g | ubuningi be-18.7 г |
Inani lamandla lingu-363 kcal.
I-Sprats emafutheni. Ukudla okusemathinini amavithamini namaminerali acebile njenge: vitamin D - 205%, uvithamini E - 58,7%, uvithamini PP - 26,5%, potassium - 14%, calcium - 30%, magnesium - 13,8%, phosphorus - 43,8 , 57,1, 11,1%, i-chlorine - 600%, i-iron - 16%, i-cobalt - 17,1%, ithusi - XNUMX%, i-molybdenum - XNUMX%
- Vitamin D igcina i-homeostasis ye-calcium ne-phosphorus, yenza izinqubo zamathambo amaminerali. Ukuntuleka kukavithamini D kuholela ekuthini umzimba ungasebenzi kahle we-calcium ne-phosphorus emathanjeni, kukhuphule ukwehliswa kwamathambo ngamathambo, okuholela engcupheni yokwanda kwamathambo.
- Vitamin E inezakhiwo zokulwa ne-antioxidant, edingekayo ekusebenzeni kwama-gonads, imisipha yenhliziyo, iyisiqinisi somhlaba wonke sezingqamuzana zeseli. Ngokushoda kukavithamini E, i-hemolysis yama-erythrocyte nokuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi kuyabonakala.
- Uvithamini PP ubamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwe-redox ye-metabolism yamandla. Ukudla okwanele kwamavithamini kuhambisana nokuphazamiseka kwesimo esijwayelekile sesikhumba, umgudu wamathumbu kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa.
- i-potassium i-ion eyinhloko ye-intracellular ebamba iqhaza ekulawuleni ibhalansi yamanzi, i-acid ne-electrolyte, ibamba iqhaza ezinkambisweni zemizwa yezinzwa, ukulawulwa kwengcindezi.
- Calcium ingxenye eyinhloko yamathambo ethu, isebenza njengomlawuli wesistimu yezinzwa, ibamba iqhaza ekusikeni kwemisipha. Ukushoda kwe-calcium kuholela ekwenziweni kwe-demineralization yomgogodla, amathambo we-pelvic kanye nemikhawulo engezansi, kwandisa ingozi ye-osteoporosis.
- magnesium ubamba iqhaza emetabolism yamandla, ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni, ama-nucleic acid, kunomthelela wokuzinza kulwelwesi, kuyadingeka ukugcina i-homeostasis ye-calcium, i-potassium ne-sodium. Ukuntuleka kwe-magnesium kuholela ku-hypomagnesemia, ingozi eyengeziwe yokuthola umfutho wegazi ophezulu, isifo senhliziyo.
- phosphorus ibamba iqhaza ezinqubweni eziningi zomzimba, kufaka phakathi amandla emetabolism, ilawula ibhalansi ye-acid-base, iyingxenye ye-phospholipids, i-nucleotide kanye ne-nucleic acid, iyadingeka ekwenzeni i-mineralization yamathambo namazinyo. Ukushoda kuholela ku-anorexia, i-anemia, ama-rickets.
- I-chlorine kuyadingeka ekwakhiweni nasekuvikeleni i-hydrochloric acid emzimbeni.
- Iron kuyingxenye yamaprotheni emisebenzi ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ama-enzyme. Ubamba iqhaza ekuthuthweni kwama-electron, i-oxygen, kuqinisekisa inkambo yokuphendula kwe-redox nokusebenza kwe-peroxidation. Ukusetshenziswa okunganele kuholela ku-anemia ye-hypochromic, i-atony engenayo i-myoglobin yemisipha yamathambo, ukukhathala okwandayo, i-myocardiopathy, i-atrophic gastritis.
- Cobalt iyingxenye kavithamini B12. Yenza kusebenze ama-enzyme we-fatty acid metabolism kanye ne-folic acid metabolism.
- Copper kuyingxenye yama-enzyme anomsebenzi we-redox futhi obandakanyeka ku-metabolism yensimbi, kuvusa ukumuncwa kwamaprotheni nama-carbohydrate. Ubamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokuhlinzeka izicubu zomzimba womuntu nge-oxygen. Ukushoda kubonakaliswa yizinkinga ekubunjweni kohlelo lwe-cardiovascular and skeleton, ukuthuthukiswa kwezicubu zomzimba ezixhuma i-dysplasia.
- I-Molybdenum i-cofactor yama-enzyme amaningi ahlinzeka ngemetabolism yama-amino acid, i-purines nama-pyrimidines.
Ungadliwa ngomkhiqizo Sprats emafutheni. Ukudla okusemathinini
Omaka: okuqukethwe ikhalori 363 kcal, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, inani lokudla okunempilo, amavithamini, amaminerali, okwenza ama-Sprats emafutheni abe wusizo. Ukudla okusemathinini, ama-calories, izakhi zomzimba, izakhiwo ezizuzisayo ze-Sprats emafutheni. Ukudla okusemathinini
Inani lamandla, noma okuqukethwe kwekhalori Ingabe inani lamandla akhishwa emzimbeni womuntu ekudleni ngesikhathi sokugaya. Inani lamandla omkhiqizo likalwa ngama-kilocalories (kcal) noma ama-kilojoules (kJ) ngamagremu ayi-100. umkhiqizo. I-kilocalorie esetshenziswa ukukala inani lamandla okudla ibizwa nangokuthi “ikhalori yokudla,” ngakho-ke isiqalo sekhilo sivamise ukushiywa lapho kucaciswa amakholori ku-(kilo) kilojoule. Ungabona amathebula amaningi wamandla wemikhiqizo yesiRashiya.
Inani lokudla okunempilo - okuqukethwe kwama-carbohydrate, amafutha namaprotheni kumkhiqizo.
Inani lokudla okunempilo komkhiqizo wokudla - iqoqo lezinto zomkhiqizo wokudla, lapho izidingo zomzimba zomuntu zezinto ezidingekayo namandla zineliseka khona.
Vitamins, izinto eziphilayo ezidingekayo ngamanani amancane ekudleni kwabantu kanye nama-vertebrate amaningi. Amavithamini ngokuvamile ahlanganiswa yizitshalo kunezilwane. Isidingo somuntu sansuku zonke samavithamini singama-milligram ambalwa noma ama-micrograms ambalwa. Ngokungafani nezinto ezingaphili, amavithamini abhujiswa ukushisa okunamandla. Amavithamini amaningi awazinzile futhi "alahlekile" ngesikhathi sokupheka noma sokudla.