“Qaphela umsindo!”: Ungakuvikela kanjani ukuzwa kwakho nengqondo

Esikhathini sokungcoliswa komsindo, lapho siphila esimweni somsindo wangemuva oqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi uma sihlala emadolobheni amakhulu, kuyadingeka ukwazi ukunakekela ukuzwa, ukubhekana nomsindo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kanye nomsebenzi. I-Otolaryngologist uSvetlana Ryabova wakhuluma ngomehluko phakathi komsindo nomsindo, yiliphi izinga lomsindo eliyingozi, yini okufanele igwenywe ukuze kugcinwe impilo.

Konke obufuna ukukwazi mayelana nomsindo

Ngicela ungichazele ukuthi yini umehluko phakathi komsindo nomsindo? Iyini imingcele?

Umsindo ukundindizela kwemishini okusakazeka endaweni enwebekayo: umoya, amanzi, umzimba oqinile, futhi kubonwa isitho sethu sokuzwa - indlebe. Umsindo umsindo lapho uguquko lwengcindezi ye-acoustic olubonwa indlebe lungahleliwe futhi luphinda ngezikhathi ezihlukene. Ngakho, umsindo uwumsindo olimaza umzimba womuntu.

Ngokombono wokuphila, imisindo ephansi, ephakathi nephezulu iyahlukaniswa. Ama-oscillations afaka ububanzi obukhulu befrikhwensi: kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-16 Hz - imisindo engezwakali (i-infrasound); kusuka ku-16 kuya ku-20 ayizinkulungwane ze-Hz - imisindo ezwakalayo, futhi ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-20 Hz - i-ultrasound. Indawo yemisindo ebonwayo, okungukuthi, umngcele wokuzwela okukhulu kakhulu kwendlebe yomuntu, iphakathi komkhawulo wokuzwela kanye nomkhawulo wobuhlungu futhi ingu-130 dB. Ukucindezela komsindo kuleli cala kukhulu kangangokuthi akubonwa njengomsindo, kodwa njengobuhlungu.

Yiziphi izinqubo eziculwa ezindlebeni/ezindlebeni zangaphakathi lapho sizwa imisindo engathandeki?

Umsindo omude uthinta kabi izitho zokuzwa, unciphisa ukuzwela umsindo. Lokhu kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezindlebe kusenesikhathi ngohlobo lokubona komsindo, okungukuthi, ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa kwe-sensorineural.

Uma umuntu ezwa umsindo ngokuqhubekayo, ingabe lokhu kungavusa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezingapheli? Ziyini lezi zifo?

Umsindo unomphumela wokuqongelela, okungukuthi, i-acoustic stimuli, enqwabelana emzimbeni, ngokuya ngokucindezela isimiso sezinzwa. Uma imisindo emikhulu isizungezile nsuku zonke, isibonelo, esitimeleni, umuntu kancane kancane uyayeka ukubona abathulile, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa nokukhulula isimiso sezinzwa.

Umsindo webanga lomsindo uholela ekwehleni kokunaka kanye nokwanda kwamaphutha ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zomsebenzi. Umsindo ucindezela isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, ubangela izinguquko emazingeni okuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo, unomthelela ekuphazamisekeni kwezinqubo ze-metabolic, ukuvela kwezifo zenhliziyo, izilonda zesisu, nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Ingabe umsindo ubangela ukukhathala okungapheli? Ungabhekana kanjani nakho?

Yebo, ukuchayeka njalo emsindweni kungakwenza uzizwe ukhathele njalo. Kumuntu ongaphansi kwethonya lomsindo oqhubekayo, ukulala kuphazamiseka kakhulu, kuba phezulu. Ngemva kwephupho elinjalo, umuntu uzizwa ekhathele futhi ekhanda ikhanda. Ukungalali njalo kuholela ekusebenzeni ngokweqile okungapheli.

Ingabe indawo enomsindo enolaka ingabanga ukuziphatha komuntu okunolaka? Kuhlobene kanjani lokhu?

Enye yezimfihlo zempumelelo yomculo we-rock ukuvela kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukudakwa komsindo. Ngaphansi kwethonya lomsindo osuka ku-85 kuya ku-90 dB, ukuzwela kokuzwa kuncipha kumaza aphezulu, okuzwela kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu, umsindo ongaphezu kuka-110 dB uholela ekudakweni komsindo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, nolaka.

Kungani kunenkulumo encane kangaka mayelana nokungcoliswa komsindo eRussia?

Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi iminyaka eminingi akekho owayenesithakazelo empilweni yabantu. Kumelwe sikhokhe intela, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukunaka lolu daba kuye kwaqina eMoscow. Isibonelo, ukulima okusebenzayo kweNdandatho Yengadi kuyenziwa, futhi izakhiwo zokuzivikela ziyakhiwa eduze kwemigwaqo emikhulu. Kufakazelwe ukuthi izindawo eziluhlaza zinciphisa izinga lomsindo wasemgwaqweni ngo-8-10 dB.

Izakhiwo zokuhlala kufanele "zisuswe" emigwaqweni yemigwaqo ngamamitha angu-15-20, futhi indawo ezungezile kufanele ibe yindawo. Njengamanje, abezemvelo balusukumela phezulu udaba lomthelela womsindo emzimbeni womuntu. Futhi eRussia, isayensi yaqala ukukhula, osekuyisikhathi eside iqhutshwa ngentshiseko emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, njenge-Italy, iJalimane - I-Soundscape Ecology - i-acoustic ecology (i-ecology of the sound landscape).

Kungashiwo yini ukuthi abantu edolobheni elinomsindo bangezwa kabi kunalabo abahlala ezindaweni ezithule?

Yebo, ungakwazi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi izinga elamukelekayo lomsindo emini lingama-55 dB. Leli zinga alilimazi ukuzwa ngisho nokuchayeka njalo. Izinga lomsindo ngesikhathi sokulala libhekwa njengelingafika ku-40 dB. Izinga lomsindo ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane nasezindaweni eziseduze nemigwaqo emikhulu lifinyelela ku-76,8 dB. Amazinga omsindo akalwa ezindaweni zokuhlala ezinamafasitela avulekile abheke emigwaqweni emikhulu angaphansi ngo-10–15 dB kuphela.

Izinga lomsindo liyakhula kanye nokukhula kwamadolobha (eminyakeni embalwa edlule, izinga lomsindo eliphakathi elikhishwa ukuthutha liye landa ngo-12-14 dB). Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umuntu osendaweni yemvelo akahlali ethule. Sizungezwe imisindo yemvelo - umsindo we-surf, umsindo wehlathi, umsindo womfudlana, umfula, impophoma, umsindo womoya emhosheni wezintaba. Kodwa yonke le misindo siyibona njengokuthula. Kusebenza kanje ukuzwa kwethu.

Ukuze sizwe "okudingekile", ubuchopho bethu buhlunga imisindo yemvelo. Ukuze kuhlaziywe isivinini sezinqubo zokucabanga, kwenziwa ucwaningo olulandelayo oluthakazelisayo: izisebenzi zokuzithandela eziyishumi ezavuma ukuhlanganyela kulolu cwaningo zacelwa ukuba zihlanganyele emsebenzini wengqondo ngemisindo ehlukahlukene.

Kwakudingeka ukuxazulula izibonelo ezingu-10 (kusukela kuthebula lokuphindaphinda, ukuze kungezwe futhi kukhishwe ngoshintsho ngeshumi nambili, ukuze kutholwe okuguquguqukayo okungaziwa). Imiphumela yesikhathi lapho izibonelo eziyi-10 zaxazululwa ngokuthula yathathwa njengenjwayelo. Kutholwe imiphumela elandelayo:

• Lapho ulalela umsindo we-drill, ukusebenza kwezifundo kuncishiswe ngo-18,3-21,6%;
• Lapho ulalele ukububula komfudlana nokucula kwezinyoni, 2-5% kuphela;
• Umphumela omangalisayo utholwe ngesikhathi kudlalwa i-“Moonlight Sonata” ka-Beethoven: isivinini sokubala sikhuphuke ngo-7%.

Lezi zinkomba zisitshela ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zemisindo zithinta umuntu ngezindlela ezahlukene: umsindo ozwakalayo wokubhoboza unciphisa inqubo yokucabanga yomuntu cishe ngama-20%, umsindo wemvelo awuphazamisi isitimela somcabango womuntu, nokulalela. ukuthulisa umculo we-classical ngisho kunomphumela onenzuzo kithi, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kobuchopho.

Ukuzwa kushintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi? Ukuzwa kungawohloka kangakanani nangokujulile uma uhlala edolobheni elinomsindo?

Ngesikhathi sokuphila, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwemvelo kwenzeka, okuthiwa i-phenomenon - presbycusis. Kunezinkambiso zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa kumafrikhwensi athile ngemva kweminyaka engama-50. Kodwa, ngethonya eliqhubekayo lomsindo ku-cochlear nerve (inzwa ebhekene nokudluliswa kwemizwa yomsindo), inkambiso iphenduka ibe yi-pathology. Ngokusho kososayensi base-Austrian, umsindo emadolobheni amakhulu unciphisa iminyaka yokuphila komuntu ngeminyaka engu-8-12!

Umsindo waluphi uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu ezithweni zokuzwa, umzimba?

Umsindo omkhulu kakhulu, ongazelele - ukudubula kwesibhamu eduze noma umsindo wenjini yejethi - kungalimaza insiza yokuzwa. Njengesazi se-otolaryngologist, ngiye ngabhekana nokulahlekelwa kwezinzwa okukhulu kakhulu - empeleni ukungqubuzana kwenzwa yokuzwa - ngemva kwebanga lokudubula noma ukuzingela okuphumelelayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngemva kwe-disco yasebusuku.

Okokugcina, yiziphi izindlela zokunikeza izindlebe zakho ukuphumula ozitusayo?

Njengoba ngishilo, kuyadingeka ukuzivikela emculweni onomsindo, unciphise ukubuka kwakho izinhlelo zethelevishini. Lapho wenza umsebenzi onomsindo, njalo ngehora udinga ukukhumbula ukuthatha ikhefu lemizuzu eyi-10. Naka ivolumu okhuluma ngayo, akufanele ikulimaze wena noma umxhumanisi. Funda ukukhuluma ngokuthula kakhudlwana uma uvame ukukhuluma kakhulu ngokomzwelo. Uma kungenzeka, phumula emvelweni kaningi - ngale ndlela uzosiza kokubili ukuzwa kanye nesimiso sezinzwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njenge-otolaryngologist, ungaphawula kanjani futhi ngamuphi umthamo kuphephile ukulalela umculo ngama-headphone?

Inkinga enkulu ngokulalela umculo ngama-headphones ukuthi umuntu akakwazi ukulawula izinga levolumu. Okusho ukuthi, kungase kubonakale kuye sengathi umculo udlala buthule, kodwa empeleni uzoba nama-decibel angu-100 ezindlebeni zakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, intsha yanamuhla iqala ukuba nezinkinga zokuzwa, kanye nempilo jikelele, kakade ineminyaka engu-30 ubudala.

Ukuze ugweme ukuthuthukiswa kwezithulu, udinga ukusebenzisa ama-headphones aphezulu avimbela ukungena komsindo ongaphandle futhi ngaleyo ndlela aqede isidingo sokwandisa umsindo. Umsindo ngokwawo akufanele weqe izinga eliphakathi - 10 dB. Kufanele ulalele umculo kuma-headphone isikhathi esingeqile kwemizuzu engama-30, bese ume isikhashana okungenani imizuzu eyi-10.

Izicindezeli zomsindo

Abaningi bethu bachitha ingxenye yempilo yethu ehhovisi futhi akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhlalisana nomsindo emsebenzini. UGalina Carlson, umqondisi wesifunda wakwa-Jabra (inkampani eyenza izixazululo zabangezwa kahle nezifundiswayo, ingxenye ye-GN Group eyasungulwa eminyakeni eyi-150 edlule) eRussia, e-our country, e-CIS nase-Georgia, uyahlanganyela: “Ngokocwaningo olwenziwe yi-Guardian. , ngenxa yomsindo nokuphazamiseka okwalandela, izisebenzi zilahlekelwa imizuzu efinyelela kwangu-86 ngosuku.”

Ngezansi kukhona amathiphu avela ku-Galina Carlson okuthi abasebenzi bangabhekana kanjani nomsindo ehhovisi futhi bagxilise ingqondo ngokuphumelelayo.

Hambisa impahla kude ngangokunokwenzeka

Iphrinta, okokukopisha, isithwebuli kanye nefeksi zikhona kunoma iyiphi indawo yehhovisi. Ngeshwa, akuzona zonke izinkampani ezicabanga ngendawo ephumelelayo yalawa madivayisi. Kholwa umenzi wesinqumo ukuthi aqinisekise ukuthi okokusebenza kutholakala ekhoneni elikude kakhulu futhi awadali umsindo owengeziwe. Uma singakhulumi ngendawo evulekile, kodwa mayelana namakamelo amancane ahlukene, ungazama ukubeka amadivaysi anomsindo endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi noma eduze nendawo yokwamukela.

Gcina imihlangano ithule ngangokunokwenzeka

Ngokuvamile imihlangano ehlangene iba nesiphithiphithi, ngemva kwalokho ikhanda lizoqaqamba: ozakwabo bayaphazamisana, benze isizinda somsindo esingajabulisi. Wonke umuntu kufanele afunde ukulalela abanye ababambiqhaza bakhe bomhlangano.

Qaphela "imithetho yenhlanzeko yomsebenzi"

Kufanele kube nekhefu elizwakalayo kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi. Uma kungenzeka, phuma ukuze uthole umoya omusha, ushintshe endaweni enomsindo - ngakho-ke umthwalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa uzoncishiswa. Ngaphandle uma kunjalo, ihhovisi lakho liseduze nothelawayeka ophithizelayo, lapho umsindo uzokulimaza kakhulu.

Hamba kakhulu - zama ukusebenza usekhaya ngezinye izikhathi

Uma isiko lenkampani yakho likuvumela, cabanga ukusebenza usekhaya. Uzomangala ukuthi kulula kangakanani kuwe ukugxila emisebenzini, ngoba ozakwenu ngeke bakuphazamise ngemibuzo ehlukahlukene.

Khetha umculo ofanele wokugxilisa ingqondo nokuphumula

Ngokusobala, hhayi kuphela "i-Moonlight Sonata" engaba nomthelela omuhle ekugxilweni. Hlanganisa uhlu lwadlalwayo lwezikhathi lapho udinga ukunaka khona konke odabeni olubalulekile. Kufanele ihlanganise umculo ophakamisayo, okhuthazayo onethempusi esheshayo, futhi ixube nomculo ongathathi hlangothi. Lalela le "miksi" imizuzu engu-90 (ngekhefu, esibhale ngakho ngaphambili).

Khona-ke, phakathi nokuphumula kwemizuzu engu-20, khetha amathrekhi azungezile amabili noma amathathu - izingoma ezinamathoni avulekile, amade, aphansi namaza, anesigqi esinensayo ezinokugubhu okuncane.

Ukushintshana ngokwalolu hlelo kuzosiza ingqondo ukuthi icabange ngokukhuthala. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile ezisiza abasebenzisi ukuthi balandelele umthamo womculo osethiwe nazo zizosiza ukuthi zingalimazi ukuzwa kwabo.