Izinhlanzi ze-Beluga: ukubukeka, isisindo, indawo yokuhlala, isimo sokulondolozwa

I-Beluga iyinhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke engatholakala emanzini eplanethi yethu. Ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni, ubude bayo bungafinyelela kumamitha angu-4,5 futhi bube nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-1500. Nakuba, kunobufakazi bokuthi babamba i-beluga izikhathi ezi-2 ezinkulu. Kunoma yikuphi, idatha enjalo ibonisa ukuthi i-beluga ingummeleli omkhulu womndeni we-sturgeon.

Esikhathini sethu, izilinganiso ezinjalo ziyinto evela endaweni yefantasy. Njengomthetho, abantu bahlangabezana nesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-300, okubonisa izinkinga ezithile ezihlobene nomjikelezo wokuphila walesi sikhulu semifula nolwandle.

Incazelo ye-Beluga

habitat

Eminyakeni engaphezu kweyi-100 edlule, lesi sikhulu satholakala emiphongolweni yolwandle iCaspian, Black, Azov ne-Adriatic. Namuhla, ingatholakala kuphela oLwandle Olumnyama, noma kunalokho eMfuleni iDanube, kanye naseCaspian Sea basin, kuphela e-Urals. Esigodini soLwandle i-uXNUMXbuXNUMXbAzov, futhi kahle kakhulu eMfuleni iVolga, kutholakala esinye sezinhlobo ze-beluga, isibalo sazo esigcinwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Njengoba amazwe amaningi enza ukuzalaniswa kwezinhlanzi okuzenzela, inani lama-beluga alikakanciphi emanzini ase-Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Serbia naseTurkey. Futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinyathelo zokubuyisela inani lale nhlanzi zithatha indawo ekhethekile ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezinjalo. Kuphela ezingeni likahulumeni kungenzeka ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinjalo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

ukubukeka

Ukubonakala kwe-beluga kusikhumbuza ukufana kwayo nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ze-sturgeon. Izici ezihlukanisayo zifaka:

• Umlomo omkhulu ngokulinganayo.
• Hhayi ikhala elikhulu elibuthuntu.
• I-spike yokuqala, engemuva, incane.
• Phakathi kwamagill kukhona ulwelwesi oluwaxhumayo.

I-Beluga ihlukaniswa ngomzimba obanzi, osindayo womumo oyindilinga, opendwe nge-gray-ash hue. Isisu sinombala omhlophe ophuzi, kwesinye isikhathi siba nombala osaphuzi. Emzimbeni omkhulu kunekhanda elikhulu. Amadevu angaphansi kwekhala afana nama-appendages afana namaqabunga njengoba ehlangene ndawonye.

Ngezinye izikhathi i-Beluga izalanisa nezihlobo zayo, njenge-sterlet, i-spike, i-sturgeon yaseRussia. Ngenxa yalokho, kutholakala ama-hybrids angaphandle anomehluko othile ohambisana nesakhiwo somzimba, ama-gill noma umbala. Naphezu kwalokhu, ama-hybrids awahlukile ekuziphatheni kwawo ezihlotsheni zawo.

Ukuziphatha

I-Beluga iyinhlanzi enokuziphatha okungavamile phakathi kwabameleli balolu hlobo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene ngesikhathi sokufuduka kokuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuhlala emanzini ahlanzekile. Olwandle, i-beluga ikhetha ukuphila yodwa, futhi njengoba isemfuleni, ibutha imihlambi eminingi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ifika emfuleni izozala, kanti olwandle idla futhi ithuthuke.

Ukudla

I-Beluga iyinhlanzi edla ezinye futhi iqala ukuhola le ndlela yokuphila kusenesikhathi. Ukudla kuhlanganisa izinhlanzi ezifana ne-herring, carp, zander kanye nama-gobies. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-beluga ayikuthandi ukugwinya isihlobo sayo uma incane futhi inzabalaza ndawana thize.

Ngaphandle kwezinhlanzi, uyakwazi ukugwinya ama-mollusk, izinyoni zasemanzini ngisho nezinja zamanzi ezisa izingane uma efinyelela ubukhulu obufanele. Ochwepheshe bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ukufuduka kwe-beluga kuhlotshaniswa nokufuduka kokutholakala kwayo kokudla.

Ukuzalela

Enye ye-subspecies izala ngaphambi kwenye. Isikhathi sokuzala kwawo sihambisana nezinga eliphezulu lamanzi entwasahlobo emifuleni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lingafinyelela + 8- + 17 degrees. Enye i-subspecies iza ukuzalanisa olwandle endaweni ethile ngenyanga ka-August. Ngemuva kwalokho, abantu balala emigodini ejulile, bese beqala ukuzala entwasahlobo. I-Beluga iqala ukuzala eminyakeni engu-15-17, ngemuva kokufinyelela isisindo esingaba ngu-50 kg.

I-Beluga izalela ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-10. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukhetha izindawo ezinetshe eliqinile eliphansi kanye nomsinga osheshayo, ohlinzeka indawo yokuzalela umoya-mpilo.

Izinhlanzi ezihlala olwandle zingena emifuleni ukuze zizalele, ngakho-ke zibizwa ngokuthi ezifudukayo. Njengoba isemanzini ahlanzekile, uyaqhubeka ezondla ngenkuthalo. Ngemva kokuzala, lapho nje kuvela okuthosiwe emaqandeni, ubuyela olwandle nawo. I-Beluga iza ukuzala kanye njalo eminyakeni engu-2-3. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona uhlobo oluhlala emifuleni njalo futhi alufuduki amabanga amade.

Ukudoba ngokuhweba

Muva nje, i-beluga ibithakaselwa yizimboni futhi ibanjwe ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, uhlobo olufanayo lwezinhlanzi lwaluzoshabalala.

Njengoba le nhlanzi ingase inyamalale ngokuphelele, ukubanjwa kwayo kulinganiselwe kakhulu kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba. Kwamanye amazwe, akuvunyelwe nhlobo ukuyibamba. I-Beluga isohlwini lwe-Red Book njengohlobo olusonqenqemeni lokushabalala. Kwamanye amazwe, kuvunyelwe ukuyibamba ngaphansi kwelayisensi ekhethekile futhi ngenjongo yocwaningo lwesayensi kuphela. Le nhlanzi ibanjwa ngamanetha angashintshiwe noma ahlehlisiwe.

I-Beluga caviar

I-Beluga black caviar ingumkhiqizo wokudla obiza kakhulu namuhla. Izindleko zayo zingafinyelela ama-euro ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ngekhilogremu. I-caviar etholakala ezimakethe iwumgunyathi noma itholwe ngokungemthetho.

Amaqiniso e-Beluga athakazelisayo

1. I-Beluga ingaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, yingakho ibhekwa njengenye yezinhlanzi eziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu emhlabeni.
2. Abazali abanandaba nenzalo yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanankinga ngokudla izihlobo zabo.
3. Lapho i-beluga izala, igxuma iphume emanzini. Kuze kube manje, lokhu kuyimfihlakalo engaxazululiwe.
4. I-beluga, njengoshaka, ayinamathambo, futhi uhlaka lwamathambo ayo luhlanganisa uqwanga, okuthi ngokuhamba kweminyaka luqine futhi luqine.
5. Insikazi ingathola i-caviar eningi impela. Ngakho-ke, umuntu onesisindo esingaba ngu-1200 kg angaba no-150 kg we-caviar.
6. Esigodini soMfula i-Amur, kunezinhlobo eziseduze - i-kaluga, engafinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-5 futhi ibe nesisindo esingafika ku-1000 kg. Imizamo yososayensi yokuwela iKaluga neBeluga ayizange iphele.

Buka izinkinga zokulondoloza

Ngokusho kososayensi, inani lama-beluga lehle ngo-90% eminyakeni engama-50 edlule. Ngakho-ke, ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yocwaningo enjalo, singacabanga ukuthi lokhu akuwona neze umphumela oduduzayo. Emuva phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-25 bangena eVolga ukuze bakhiqize, futhi kakade ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka le nombolo yancishiswa yaba yizinkulungwane ezintathu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke lezi zinqubo zenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda semizamo emikhulu isintu esiyenzayo ukuze kugcinwe inani lezinhlobo zezilwane okungenani lisezingeni elifanayo. Izizathu eziyinhloko zokwehliswa kwezinombolo yilezi ezilandelayo:

1. Ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi. Ukuba khona kwamadamu amakhulu akuvumeli izinhlanzi ukuba zikhuphukele endaweni yazo yemvelo yokuzalela. Izakhiwo ezinjalo cishe zinqamule izindlela zokunyakaza kwe-beluga emifuleni yase-Austria, eCroatia, eHungary naseSlovakia.
2. imisebenzi yabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Izintengo eziphakeme ngokwanele zenyama yale nhlanzi kanye ne-caviar yayo zinesithakazelo kubantu abajwayele ukuthola imali ngokungemthetho. Njengoba bebamba abantu abakhulu kakhulu abakwazi ukuzala inzalo eningi, umonakalo mkhulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yezenzo ezinjalo, inani labantu base-Adriatic lanyamalala ngokuphelele.
3. Ukwephulwa kwe-ecology. Njengoba i-beluga ingaphila isikhathi eside, ngalesi sikhathi emzimbeni wayo kunqwabelana izinto eziyingozi ezingena emanzini ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu, njengezibulala-zinambuzane. Lolu hlobo lwamakhemikhali luthinta imisebenzi yokuzala yezinhlanzi.

Umuntu angethemba nje ukuthi abantu basazokwazi ukulondolozela inzalo yabo lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi, olukhulu ngosayizi.