Okuqukethwe
Incazelo
Ubhiya - isiphuzo esidakayo, esenziwe ngokubilisa imithombo ngemvubelo kanye nohobhane. Izinhlamvu zemithombo ezivame kakhulu ibhali. Ngokuya ngokuhlukahluka kukabhiya, amandla esiphuzo angahluka kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-14.
Lesi siphuzo singesinye seziphuzo ezidakwa kakhulu futhi sibalwa endaweni yesithathu emhlabeni. Ohlwini olujwayelekile lweziphuzo, kulandela amanzi netiye. Kunezinyosi ezingaphezu kuka-1000 ezahlukene. Zihlukile ngombala, ukunambitheka, okuqukethwe kotshwala, izithako zoqobo, namasiko okupheka emazweni ahlukahlukene.
Ukukhiqizwa kukabhiya
Abakhiqizi bakabhiya abakhulu yiGerman, Ireland, Czech Republic, Brazil, Austria, Japan, Russia, Finland, Poland.
Imvelaphi yezazi zeziphuzo ibhekisele ekuqaleni kokutshalwa kwezitshalo zokusanhlamvu - cishe ngo-9500 BC. Abanye abavubukuli banombono oqinile wokuthi abantu baqala ukutshala imbewu hhayi yesinkwa kepha yokwenza ubhiya. Izinsalela zokuqala zezinsalela zalesi siphuzo zitholakale e-Iran, ezithandana emuva eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezi-3.5 - 3.1 kuya ku-XNUMX BC. Ubhiya kuyakhulunywa futhi ngabo naseMesopotamiya nasezincwadini zasendulo zaseGibhithe. Isiphuzo sasithandwa eChina Yasendulo, eRoma lasendulo, izizwe zamaViking, amaCelt, eJalimane. Ngalezo zinsuku, ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela lesi siphuzo babungasasebenzi kakhulu, futhi babegcina isiphuzo isikhathi eside.
Ukwenza ngcono ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ubhiya kwenzeka ngekhulu lesi-8 sibonga izindela zase-Europe ezaqala ukusebenzisa ama-hops njengesilondolozi. Isikhathi eside, ubhiya ubuyisiphuzo sabampofu. Ngakho-ke, yayinesimo esiphansi. Ukuhlala ngandlela thile, abanikazi beBreweries ngokufana nokukhiqizwa kwesiphuzo esikhulu esikhishwe ne-cider. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yocwaningo luka-Emil Christian Hansen lokususa uhlobo lwemvubelo ekuphekeni, imboni yaqala ukukhula ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela yaletha ubhiya ezingeni elisha lomphakathi.
Izinhlobo zebhiya
Ukuhlukaniswa kobhiya okungafaniyo akukho. Ababhali baseMelika nabaseYurophu banesistimu yabo yezimpawu, ezenza ukuhlukaniswa. Ngakho-ke ubhiya uhlukaniswa ngo:
- Okuphakelayo. Ubhiya wenziwa ngokususelwa kubhali, ukolweni, irayisi, irayisi, ummbila, ubhanana, ubisi, ukuqoqa amakhambi, amazambane, neminye imifino, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziningana.
- Umbala. Ngokuya ngemithombo emnyama ku-wort yasekuqaleni, ubhiya uyakhanya, umhlophe, ubomvu futhi umnyama.
- Technologyubuchwepheshe bokuvutshelwa kumele. Ukuhlukanisa nokuvutshelwa phansi. Esimweni sokuqala inqubo yokuvutshelwa yenzeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi (5-15 ° C) bese kuthi eyesibili ibe phezulu (15-25 ° C).
- Amandla. Ezindleleni zendabuko zokupheka, amandla esiphuzo awafinyeleli ngaphezu kwe-14. Iningi leBhiya linamandla 3-5,5. - ukukhanya futhi cishe ngo-6-8. - eqinile. Kukhona nobhiya obungewona utshwala. Kodwa-ke, ukuqeda ngokuphelele utshwala, awukwazi, ngakho-ke amandla esiphuzo avela ku-0.2 - 1.0 vol.
- Izinhlobo ezingaphandle kwesigaba. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zifaka phakathi iPilsner, i-porter, i-lager, i-Dunkel, i-kölsch, i-altbier, i-lambic, ubhiya wezimpande, i-Bock-bier nokunye.
Inqubo yokuphisa
Inqubo yokwenza utshwala iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ifaka izigaba nezinqubo eziningi. Okuyinhloko yilezi:
- Ukulungiswa kwemithombo (okusanhlamvu) ngokuhluma, ukomisa nokuhlanzwa kwamagciwane.
- Ukuchoboza imithombo nokufaka amanzi kuwo.
- Ukwehlukaniswa kwe-wort ngokusefa okusanhlamvu okusetshenzisiwe kanye ne-wort engashayiwe.
- Ukupheka i-wort ngama-hops amahora angu-1-2.
- Ukucaciswa ngokuhlukanisa izinsalela zamahops nezinhlamvu ezingancibiliki.
- Ukupholisa kumathangi wokuvutshelwa.
- Ukuvutshelwa lapho ufaka imvubelo.
- Ukuhlunga ezinsaleleni zemvubelo.
- I-Pasteurization yenziwa kuphela lapho kwenziwa izinhlobo ezithile zikabhiya ukwandisa impilo yeshalofu.
Isiphuzo esilungile basifaka ngamabhodlela, izinsimbi, ingilazi namabhodlela epulasitiki, namathini kathayela.
Izinzuzo zikabhiya
Ubhiya ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu babewubheka njengesiphuzo sokuphulukisa izifo eziningi. Kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha okuphuzwayo kunakho konke kungenxa kaSolwazi waseJalimane uRobert Koch, owembule i-causative agent yekholera kanye nomthelela omubi wesiphuzo kuso. Ngalezo zinsuku, ikholera kwakuyisifo esivamile e-Europe, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amakhulu lapho izinga lamanzi okuphuza lalingelona elihamba phambili. Okuyimiqemane futhi kuphephe kakhulu ukuphuza ubhiya kunamanzi.
Ngenxa yokuthi ubhiya wenziwa ikakhulu ngokusanhlamvu ngokuvutshelwa, uqukethe amavithamini namaminerali azungezwe okusanhlamvu. Ngakho-ke iqukethe amavithamini B1, B2, B6, H, C, K, nicotinic, citric, folic, Pantothenic acid; amaminerali - i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, isulfure, i-silicon, i-calcium.
Ukusetshenziswa okulingene kwesiphuzo kunomphumela omuhle ezinqubweni zemetabolism, kunciphisa ubungozi bezifo ezimbi kanye nezifo zenhliziyo, futhi kukhombisa usawoti we-aluminium, inani eleqile emzimbeni elingadala isifo se-Alzheimer's.
Ngenkathi eshisayo, ubhiya uyindawo yokulahla ukoma okuhle. Futhi, amanye amaBhiya akhiwe nge-alkaline, izinto eziqeda amatshe ezinso. Ubhiya lusiza ukubuyisa izimbali zamathumbu ngemuva kokwelashwa isikhathi eside ngama-antibiotic.
Izinto ze-Hop kubhiya zinomphumela opholisayo nopholile, zisebenzisa izindlala eziyimfihlo zesisu, futhi zivimbele ukukhula kwamabhaktheriya abolayo emathunjini.
Ukwelashwa
Kuzindlela zokupheka zemithi yesintu, kuhle ezifweni zomphimbo nezamashubhu we-bronchial usebenzisa ubhiya osuke usushisiwe (200 g) noju oluqhekekile (1 tbsp). Phuza lesi siphuzo ngaphambi kokulala ngama-sips amancane ukuze uketshezi lwehle ngendlela efanayo ngomphimbo, ulufudumale futhi ulumboze.
Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okukhulu kwamavithamini b, kunomthelela omuhle esikhunjeni.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamamaski okususelwa kubhiya kunciphisa isibalo semibimbi futhi kwenza isikhumba sithambe kakhudlwana, sinwebe futhi sibe nosilika. Isifihla-buso siqinisa izimbotshana, sisuse i-Shine, sandisa ukujikeleza kwegazi.
Ekugezeni okuthelwa ematsheni, ubhiya wakha ukuphefumula komoya, okunganciphisa ukukhwehlela nokuvimbela imikhuhlane.
Ungasebenzisa ubhiya njengesilungisi sezinwele. Izonikeza ukuthamba kwezinwele, Shine futhi iqede izimpawu zokuqala zenkwethu.
Izingozi nokuphikisana
Ukuphuza ngokweqile kwalesi siphuzo kungaholela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ukuphuza utshwala.”
Futhi, ukusetshenziswa okuhlelekile kwenani elikhulu likabhiya kuholela ekulayisheni okwengeziwe emithanjeni, okwenza inhliziyo iqale ukusebenza ngokweqile. Ngemuva kwalokho, lokhu kungaholela ekunwebeni imisipha yenhliziyo futhi kuphume ngokuphelele egazini le-ventricular.
Ubhiya uqukethe izinto ezishukumisa ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni ocansi abesifazane, okuholela ekuguqulweni kobujamo besilisa ebeleni elixegayo nokwandisa ivolumu yamathanga.
Ngokusetshenziswa njalo kukabhiya, umuntu ulahlekelwa amandla okuphumula nokuzola. Lokhu kungenxa yezimfanelo zokuthula zamahops.
Akunconywa ukuphuza ubhiya kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, omama abancelisayo, nezingane kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-18.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo neziyingozi zezinye iziphuzo: