I-Astronotus: incazelo, ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa ku-aquarium, ukukhiqiza kabusha

Izinhlanzi zase-Aquarium zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalandeli ukugcina izinhlanzi emanzini ekhaya. I-astronotuses imele uhlobo lwe-cichlid, ebizwa nangokuthi ngokuhlukile: i-peacock fish, i-oscar, i-ocellatus noma i-velvet cichlid.

I-Astronotuses: incazelo

I-Astronotus imelela isigaba sezinhlanzi ezinkulu ze-aquarium, ubukhulu bazo ngokwemvelo okungenani bungama-40 cm. Uma ugcina le nhlanzi ngaphansi kwezimo zokwenziwa, khona-ke i-astronotus ikhula ibe ngu-22 cm ubude. inesigaxa sesici. I-Astronotus iphinde ihluke ngombala ohluke kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-astronotus ezinombala obomvu womzimba zithandwa kakhulu. Izinhlanzi ezincane zikhumbuza abazali bazo ngandlela-thile, kodwa zihluke ngombala omnyama ohlanzekile, cishe wamalahle namabala amakhulu kanye nokuba khona kwephethini encane ngendlela yezinkanyezi ezihlakazeke ngokungahleliwe phezu komzimba.

Kubalulekile ukwazi! Ama-aquarist amaningi ayazi ukuthi kukhona uhlobo lokuzalanisa ama-albino ohlobo olubomvu lwe-Astronotus, olunamaphiko amhlophe futhi lubizwa ngokuthi "i-Red Oscar".

Imibala eyisisekelo ye-Astronotus iyahlukahluka phakathi kombala ompunga ngokunsundu, kanye ne-jet black hue. Kukhona amabala amakhulu emzimbeni, ahlakazeke ngokungahleliwe kuwo wonke umzimba, kodwa ngaphandle kwephethini yejometri ecacile, kanye nokubunjwa kwejometri ecacile. Kulokhu, amabala ahlukaniswa ne-tint ephuzi kanye nokuba khona komngcele omnyama. Phansi kwe-caudal fin, ungabona indawo emnyama, enkulu impela futhi efakwe umugqa osawolintshi. Ngokubukeka, le ndawo ifana neso eliphakathi nendawo. “Iso” elifanayo lisesifundeni se-dorsal fin, nakuba lithe ukunwebeka ngobude.

izindawo zemvelo

Amazwe anjengeBrazil, Venezuela, Guiana neParaguay, ahlukaniswa ngesimo sezulu esifudumele, athathwa njengendawo yokuzalwa kwalezi zinhlanzi zase-aquarium. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-100 edlule, lezi zinhlanzi zalethwa okokuqala eYurophu, ngemva kwalokho zavela endaweni yezwe lethu. Cishe ngokushesha, inhlanzi yaduma phakathi komphakathi wama-aquarist.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-astronotus ijwayele ngokuphelele eNingizimu Melika, lapho iyinto ethandwayo yokudoba kwezemidlalo. Amapulazi amaningi amakhulu ajwayele ukuzalanisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlanzi zokuhlobisa nawo azalanisa i-astronotus. Ngokuyisisekelo, okuthandwayo kunikezwa ezinhlobonhlobo ezifana ne "Oscar ebomvu".

Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa ku-aquarium

Ama-aquarists anamuhla, mhlawumbe, anama-cichlids athandwa kakhulu futhi awaziwa kakhulu, amelwe yi-Astronotus. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko kungenxa yokuthi lezi zinhlanzi zokuhlobisa zinezinto zamakhono obuhlakani. Abanikazi abaningi baqaphela amaqiniso afana nokuthi izinhlanzi zingakwazi ukubona umnikazi wazo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zikuvumela ukuba uzishaye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akunzima ukubafundisa amaqhinga alula.

Ukukhetha i-aquarium

Ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokugcina, kuyadingeka ukunikeza izinhlanzi ngamanzi afudumele, ngokushisa kwama-degrees angu-23 kuya kwangu-27, okumele futhi kuhlanzeke. Ngakho-ke, kanye ne-aquarium, kufanele uthenge ngokushesha i-thermometer kanye ne-heater. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, udinga ukwazi ukuthi kukhona amanye ama-nuances kokuqukethwe kwe-astronotus. Amanzi afudumele kakhulu, futhi nakakhulu uma egcinwe isikhathi eside, angaholela ekulambeni komoyampilo. Ngenxa yalokho, imisipha, kuhlanganise nemisipha yenhliziyo, kanye nesimiso sezinzwa zonakaliswa ngokungalindelekile ezinhlanzini. Amanzi abandayo kakhulu angenza izinhlanzi zingakwazi ukuzivikela ezifweni, futhi zingenwa kalula izifo ezihlukahlukene, ezihlanganisa ezinzima nezibulalayo.

Kubalulekile ukwazi! Kubalulekile ukuthi ube nesistimu yokuhlunga amanzi. Kulesi simo, idivayisi kufanele ibe namandla ngokwanele ukuze ikwazi ukuhlanza inani elikhulu lamanzi.

Uma ucabangela ukuthi izinhlanzi ze-astronotus azincane, uzodinga i-aquarium enevolumu engaba ngamalitha angu-150 okungenani. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umthamo onjalo uyadingeka kunhlanzi ngayinye ngayinye. Laba bameleli be-oda elifana ne-perch bakhiqiza imfucuza eningi ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo. Kulokhu, izidingo ezikhethekile zibekwe ohlelweni lokuhlunga. Okokuqala, kufanele kube nokusebenza okuphezulu. Okwesibili, kanye ngesonto kuzodingeka wenze ushintsho lwama-25% wamanzi e-aquarium ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Ngenxa yokuhlunga okunamandla, kungenzeka ukuqeda ubuthi obuqoqiwe ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukulawula ukusebenza kwezihlungi, kuyadingeka ukuzihlanza njalo ekungcoleni. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuqapha ubulukhuni bamanzi (angabi ngaphezu kuka-25 dH) kanye ne-asidi yawo (ngaphakathi kwe-6,5-75 pH).

Ukuhambisana, ukuziphatha

Ama-aquarists anamuhla anolwazi afinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi lawa ma-perciform angcono kakhulu agcinwe ngokuhlukana. Omakhelwane babo bangase babe abameleli abafanayo bomndeni wama-cichlid, ngendlela yama-cichlids amakhulu aseningizimu noma aseMelika Ephakathi.

Ukuze ube khona ku-aquarium eyodwa, kufanele ukhethe uhlobo olucishe lube nokuziphatha okufanayo. Akufanele zisebenze kakhulu noma zingenzi lutho. Ngasikhathi sinye, kubalulekile ukwazi ngesici esifana nokuhlalisa ku-aquarium yazo zonke izinhlobo zama-cichlids ngasikhathi sinye. Le ndlela izokuvumela ukuthi ususe umphumela wokunqotshwa kwezindawo ngabantu abanamandla noma abantu abavele ku-aquarium ngaphambili.

Ukudla kanye nokudla

Isisekelo sesisekelo sokudla se-astronotus esiqukethwe ku-aquarium sithi:

• Ibhu elikhulu impela.
• Izikelemu zomhlaba.
• Inyama yenkomo engenamafutha.
• Inhliziyo yenkunzi echotshoziwe.
• Izibopho zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlanzi zasolwandle.
• Ukudla okomile okukhethekile okwenziwe ngomumo kwama-cichlids amadala.

Ama-cichlid amadala adla kakhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufaka ukudla okungakanani, bazokudla konke. Ngakho-ke, ukuze bangabi nezinkinga nge-gastrointestinal tract, akufanele bondliwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwe-1 ngosuku. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuhlela izinsuku zokuzila.

Kubalulekile ukwazi! Inhliziyo yenkomo (eqoshiwe) inconywa ukuba inikezwe i-Astronotus isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa ngenyanga. Le ndlela iqeda ukubonakala kokukhuluphala kubantu ngabanye futhi inomthelela ekukhiqizeni njalo kwezinhlanzi.

Kunconywa futhi ukwandisa ukudla kwama-cichlids, kufaka phakathi ama-cichlids, izinhlanzi ezincane eziphilayo, ama-tadpoles namaxoxo amancane, ama-squid nama-shrimp. Ngaphandle kokwehluleka, ukudla kufanele kufake izinto zemvelaphi yezitshalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa i-crumb yesinkwa esimnyama, ama-oatmeal flakes, isipinashi esiqoshiwe, kanye ne-ulethisi. Kulokhu, impilo yenhlanzi ye-aquarium incike ekutheni ukudla kwezinhlanzi kuhlelwe kanjani ngokuhambisana nokudla kwezilwane nezitshalo. Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, izinhlanzi eziphilayo ezinobukhulu obuncane kufanele zikhethwe, ngoba ngokwemvelo lokhu kungukudla kwabo okuyinhloko.

Ukuzala kanye nenzalo

Abesilisa abavuthiwe ngokobulili bahluka kwabesifazane abavuthiwe ngokobulili ngezindlela eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Abesifazane abadala banengxenye yesisu eyindilinga.
• Abesilisa banebanga elikhulu kakhulu phakathi kwamehlo abo kunabesifazane.
• Iphiko lendunu elibheke ngemuva kwensikazi limise okwepheya. Kwabesilisa, le ngxenye ye-fin ilinganayo, ayinazo iziqhumane.
• Amaduna amadala ahluka kwabesifazane abadala ngosayizi abakhudlwana uma beneminyaka efanayo.
• Izimpiko zama-pelvic zabesilisa zinde kancane futhi zinokubukeka okucijile kunalezo ezinsikazi.
• Ingxenye engaphambili yabesifazane ayiyona i-convex uma iqhathaniswa nengxenye engaphambili yabesilisa.

Zonke lezi zici ezingenhla zingathathwa njengesiqondiso uma kudingekile ukuhlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane, nakuba babhekwa njengezihlobo kakhulu. Abantu be-Astronotus bavuthwa ngokocansi lapho beneminyaka engu-2. Ukuze izinhlanzi zase-aquarium zizale ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kufanele zibekwe endaweni evamile ye-aquarium enamandla okungenani amalitha angama-300. Uma izinhlanzi zixazululwa ngokwehlukana, uzodinga umthamo ongafika kumalitha angama-200 ngevolumu kanye nohlelo oluhle lokuhlunga kanye ne-aeration. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kube netshe elikhulu eliyisicaba ngaphansi, lapho insikazi izobekela amaqanda ayo.

Ngaphambi kwenqubo yokuzala, owesifazane wenza i-ovipositor, engabonwa ngeso lenyama. Abantu abadala bazala cishe njalo ngenyanga izikhathi ezingu-10 zilandelana, ngemva kwalokho bathathe ikhefu, elithatha izinyanga ezimbili noma ngaphezulu.

Ulwazi oluthakazelisayo! I-Fry ezalwayo ayikhuli futhi ithuthuke ngendlela efanayo, ngakho-ke kufanele ihlungwe njalo, ngaphandle kwalokho i-fry enkulu iqala ukuphanga ezincane.

Ukuze kube nenqubo yokuzalanisa ephumelelayo, kuyadingeka ukucabangela ukudla okwandayo kwe-Astronotus, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nezinto zokudla ezivela ezilwaneni, njengezibungu zezinambuzane, izikelemu zegazi, izikelemu zomhlaba, njll.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungabanika izingcezu zenkomo enamafutha, kanye nezinhlanzi ezincane. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuphakamisa izinga lokushisa lamanzi ngamadigri ambalwa, kuyilapho i-astronotus ihlinzeka ngomthombo wokukhanya owengeziwe futhi omude. Kungcono ukushintsha ingxenye yamanzi ngamanzi abilisiwe. Ngemva kokuba eyensikazi izalele amaqanda, eyeduna iyawavundisa ngokushesha. I-masonry ingathunyelwa ku-incubator noma ishiywe ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwabazali ababili. I-Astronotus iphakathi kwalezo zinhlanzi ezivikela futhi zinakekele inzalo yazo yesikhathi esizayo. Basusa amaqanda angavundisiwe endaweni yokudweba futhi baphakele ama-fried asanda kuzalwa ngezimfihlo zesikhumba.

Zalisa izifo

I-Astronotus yizinhlanzi zase-aquarium ezithobekile futhi ezikwazi ukumelana nezifo. Naphezu kwezici ezinjalo zezinhlobo zezilwane, zingagula kokubili izifo ezivamile kanye nalezo ezithathelwanayo. Lezi ikakhulukazi izilonda zesikhunta noma zebhaktheriya.

Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokunakekelwa okwanele, kanye nokungondleki okwanele, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukuzivikela komzimba. Endabeni yezifo ezinjalo, amanxeba, ama-cavities kanye nokucindezeleka kubonakala emzimbeni wezinhlanzi. Njengomthetho, lokhu kuwumphumela wokuntuleka kwamavithamini namaminerali, okuhlotshaniswa nokudla okungalungile namanzi angcolile, okungavamile ukushintshwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Ukuze ekwelapheni izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kuyadingeka ukuba ubuyekeze ukudla, okwenza kube okunomsoco futhi olinganiselayo, kanye nokusebenzisa Metronidazole.

Ulwazi olubalulekile! Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila yalolu hlobo sisezingeni leminyaka eyi-12. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokunakekelwa okufanele, ukudla okunomsoco, izinyathelo zokuvimbela, lezi zinhlanzi ze-aquarium zingaphila iminyaka engu-15, noma ngaphezulu.

Ezimweni zokubonakaliswa kwezifo ze-parasitic noma ezithathelwanayo, kuyadingeka ukwenza izinyathelo zokuhlukaniswa. Akunconywa ukwethula izinhlanzi zasemfuleni ekudleni kwe-Astronotus, okungaba umthombo wama-parasite ahlukahlukene. Ngaphambi kokumisa i-aquarium, inhlabathi okufanele ibekwe ku-aquarium kufanele iphathwe ngokushisa. Izimila nezinye izakhi, kanye nokuhlobisa, ziphathwa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate.

Impendulo yomnikazi

Ama-aquarists anolwazi atusa ukuthi, lapho uhlela i-aquarium, qiniseka ukuthi izinhlanzi zinendawo yokucasha. Kulokhu, bazozizwa bekhululekile ngokukhethekile.

Lawa malungu omndeni wama-cichlid athambekele ekuhleleni yonke indawo ye-aquarium ngokuya ngokuthanda kwawo. Kulokhu, umuntu angakwazi ukubona isithombe lapho izinhlanzi zimatasa zihambisa izakhi zokuhlobisa, njenge-driftwood noma amatshe. Ngokusekelwe kulesi sici sempilo ye-astronotus, zonke izinto zokuhlobisa akufanele zifake izinto ezibukhali.

Njengomphumela wokugcina laba bameleli be-perciformes ku-aquarium, kwafinyelelwa esiphethweni sokuthi kungcono ukondla abasha nge-bloodworms, futhi izingxenye ezinkulu ezidliwayo kufanele zinikezwe abantu abadala. Uma usebenzisa izikelemu njengokudla, kungcono ukuzihlanza ekungcoleni bese uzigeza ngamanzi. Imiphumela emihle ingalindelwa lapho ukondla inhlanzi ye-aquarium ngamaprotheni agayiwe, angalungiswa ngesisekelo senyama yenkomo enamafutha, inyama ye-squid, isibindi nezicucu zenhliziyo. Ngemva kokupheka inyama egayiwe, ifakwa efrijini.

I-Astronotus yizilwane ezidla inyama zakudala ezidinga isisekelo sokudla esicebile ngamaprotheni. Izitolo zezilwane ezifuywayo zinikeza ukukhetha okukhulu okukhethekile, ukudla okulungele okwenziwe inhlanzi yase-aquarium. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu kufanele acabangele iqiniso lokuthi ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-astronotus idla abameleli abaphilayo bezilwane, ezinobuningi bezinhlanzi ezincane. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kugcizelelwe ngokunembile ezicini ezinjalo zokudla kwabo.

Ukuze uhlukanise ukudla kwale nhlanzi, ungazondla izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene nama-invertebrates, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla, ezintsha neziqandisiwe. Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa ukudla okufakwe iqhwa.

Kubalulekile ukwazi! Ngesinye isikhathi, udinga ukunikeza izinhlanzi ukudla okuningi kangangokuthi zingadla imizuzu emi-2. Uma ukudla kuhlala ku-aquarium, ziqala ukubola, zivale amanzi. Zonke izinhlobo zamabhaktheriya nezinye izinambuzane ziqala ukukhula emanzini angcolile.

Ekuphetheni

Ngokusho kwabanikazi abaningi, i-astronotus iyinhlanzi ye-aquarium eyingqayizivele. Uma izimo zokuphila ezikhululekile zihlinzekwa kubo, ngokudla okufanele nokunakekelwa okufanele, khona-ke bayakwazi ukujabulisa yonke imizi ngokuziphatha kwabo okuthakazelisayo iminyaka eminingi. Lezi izinhlanzi ezihlakaniphile ezinamathela ngokoqobo enkosini yazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze izinhlanzi zihlale zinempilo, akudingekile kangako: i-aquarium enkulu, amanzi ahlanzekile nafudumele, ukuba khona kwezindawo ku-aquarium ukuze ukwazi ukucasha nokudla okucebile ngamaprotheni.

Ngeshwa, abaningi abakuqondi lokhu futhi, lapho bethenga izinhlanzi ze-aquarium, bakholelwa ukuthi kwanele ukubondla inala. Ngenxa yalokho, abanikazi abanjalo babhekana nezinkinga eziningi lapho izinhlanzi ziqala ukugula futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziyafa. Ngokuvamile, izinhlanzi zifuywa ukuze zijabulise izingane futhi zizinikeze ukunakekelwa kwezingane, ezivame ukukhohlwa ukuzondla, futhi azikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi ehloselwe ukugcina izimo zokuphila ezivamile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu angathini, kodwa ngaphandle kwabazali ngeke kwenzeke ukuxazulula le nkinga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubamba iqhaza kwawo wonke amalungu omndeni kule nqubo kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu semfundo. Umuntu, kanye nezingane bazizwa sengathi akekho omunye. Lapho wonke umuntu emndenini esiza komunye nomunye, khona-ke wonke amalungu omndeni aqala ukuqondana. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwezingane nabazali bazo. Izingane eziningi zikhala ngokunganakwa kwabazali bazo, okukhomba ukuthi abazali ababambe iqhaza ekukhulisweni kwezingane zabo.

Into eyinhloko ukugcina izingane zakho zimatasa ngokuthile, kodwa le nqubo kufanele ilawulwe futhi akukho okunye.