Okuqukethwe
Ukuzivocavoca kwezobuciko
Ukufaneleka nokuzivocavoca umzimba
I-Artistic gymnastics iyisiyalo esingaphakathi kwendawo yokuzivocavoca. Lo msebenzi, ngokungafani neminye, wenziwa ngamadivaysi ahlukahlukene njenge-rack, izindandatho noma imigoqo engalingani. Yize kungase kubonakale njengomdlalo wesimanje, iqiniso liwukuthi kuwukuzivocavoca umzimba okwavela ezikhathini zasendulo, ikakhulukazi ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, sibonga uFriedrich Ludwig Jahn, uprofesa we I-Berlin German Institute, okwathi ngo-1811 kwakha indawo yokuqala yomkhuba wokuzivocavoca kwezobuciko endaweni evulekile. Amadivayisi amaningi amanje asuselwa kumiklamo yawo. Okumangalisa kakhulu? Le ndawo yokuzivocavoca yaqala ukuzimela ku-gymnastics ngokuvamile ngo-1881 futhi yayise-Athens, kuma-Olympic Games ngo-1896, lapho yaziwa emhlabeni wonke, eyenziwa ngamadoda kuphela. Kwaze kwafika ngo-1928 lapho abesifazane bevunyelwe ukubamba iqhaza Ama-Olympics ase-Amsterdam.
Iphoyinti le-inflection
Ikhulu lesi-XNUMX belibalulekile i-gymnastics yobuciko, ikakhulukazi kusuka 1952. Lo nyaka uphawula ukuqala kwenkathi yokuzivocavoca njengomdlalo kanye nemicimbi eminingi ye-gymnastic yakudala neyamanje iqala ukwenzeka, iqeda imicimbi yezokusubatha kanye namaqembu okuqala ahlanganisa kuze kube manje. 6 izingxenye. Ngenkathi abesilisa bancintisana ngo-1903 ku- World Championships Gymnastics Championships, umncintiswano wamazwe ngamazwe ophakeme kunayo yonke kulo mdlalo, owabesifazane owaqala ngo-1934.
Ama-gymnast amakhulu
Umqeqeshi wokuzivocavoca waseRomania ugqamile UNadia Comăneci, eneminyaka eyishumi nane, njengoba ekwazile ukuqopha umlando kuma-gymnastics wobuciko ngokufinyelela iziqu zokuqala eziyi-10 eMontreal, amaphuzu okungekho muntu owawathola eMidlalweni Yama-Olympic ka-1976. Amamayela we-Simone, owadlala okokuqala njengebambela ku-American Cup futhi wangenela umncintiswano ngemva kokuwa komunye wozakwabo weqembu. Uphethe izindondo zegolide eziyi-10 emiqhudelwaneni, nakwi- I-Rio Olympics uthole ithusi emigoqweni engalingani negolide phansi futhi weqa, ukuba ngumpetha we-All-Around nokuthola indawo yokuqala ngeqembu. Into emangalisa kakhulu ukuthi ku-22 usevele enokuzivocavoca phansi okubizwa ngegama lakhe: «Amabhilidi», Okuhlanganisa i-double back flip enwetshiwe ene-twist ehhafu.
Izivivinyo zobuciko
Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-gymnastic yobuciko yabesilisa nabesifazane, njengoba okwamanje abethuli izivivinyo ezifanayo. Isigaba sabesilisa sakhiwe ngezindlela eziyisithupha: izindandatho, i-high bar, ihhashi le-pommel, ama-parallel bar, i-colt jump kanye nephansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-gymnasts enza izivivinyo ezine: imigoqo engalingani, i-balance beam, iphansi kanye nokugxuma (ihhashi, i-trestle noma ithole).
Izintshisakalo
- E-Amsterdam ngo-1928, abesifazane babevunyelwe ukuncintisana ngabanye