Okuqukethwe
I-Ankylosing spondylitis yisifo esingapheli esihambisana nokuvuvukala kwekholomu yomgogodla. Ibizwa nangokuthi isifo sika-Bechterew kanye ne-spondyloarthritis.
I-Pathology iqhubeka njalo, futhi izici zayo ze-etiological azikaziwa kuze kube manje. Lesi sifo siyingxenye yeqembu le-spondyloarthritis futhi sibangela ukuhlanganiswa kwamalunga e-intervertebral kanye nokuvinjelwa okuqhubekayo kokuhamba komgogodla.
Iyini i-ankylosing spondylitis?
I-Ankylosing spondylitis yisifo sesistimu esibonakala ngokuvuvukala kwezicubu ezixhumene nokulimala kwamalunga nemigqa yekholomu yomgogodla. Ngaphandle kwezakhi ezisohlwini zesakhiwo, izitho zangaphakathi kanye namalungu angaphandle angase ahlupheke. I-Pathology inenkambo engapheli futhi iqhubeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Umphumela walesi sifo ukuvinjelwa kokuhamba komgogodla kanye nokuguqulwa kwawo. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu uyakhubazeka.
Owokuqala ukuchaza lesi sifo kwaba VM Bekhterev. Kwenzeka ngo-1892. Ngaleyo minyaka, i-ankylosing spondylitis yayibizwa ngokuthi “ukuqina komgogodla nokugobile.”
Izimpawu ze-Ankylosing spondylitis
Izimpawu zesifo zincike ngokuqondile esigabeni sokukhula kwe-pathology. I-Ankylosing spondylitis ibonakala ngenkambo engapheli, ngakho izinguquko emalungeni nasezicubu zenzeka njalo.
Izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwe-ankylosing spondylitis:
Isigaba sokuqala. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izimpawu zokuqala ze-pathology ziyavela.
Isiteji esinwetshiwe. Izimpawu zesifo ziyavezwa.
isiteji sekwephuzile. Emajoyini kukhona izinguquko eziyinhloko.
Izimpawu zesigaba sokuqala
Cishe i-10-20% yabantu, i-pathology inenkambo ecashile futhi ayibonakali nganoma iyiphi indlela ekuqaleni kwentuthuko.
Kwezinye izimo, lesi sifo sibonakala ngesethi yezimpawu ezilandelayo:
Ubuhlungu esifundeni se-sacrum. Yimizwa ebuhlungu yalokhu kutholakala kwendawo eba isignali yokuqala ye-pathology ekhulayo. Ngokuvamile, ubuhlungu bugxile ohlangothini olulodwa lwe-sacrum, kodwa bungakhanya ethangeni nasemhlane ophansi.
Ukuqina komgogodla. Kubonakala ikakhulukazi ekuseni, ngemva kokulala, noma ngemva kokuchitha isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa. Emini, ukuqina kuyanyamalala, futhi kungenzeka futhi ukukususa ngenxa yokufudumala. Isici esihlukile sobuhlungu nokuqina okwenzeka nge-ankylosing spondylitis ukuthi lezi zinzwa zanda ekuphumuleni, futhi zinyamalale ngemva kokusebenza ngokomzimba.
Ubuhlungu besifuba. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi amalunga e-rib-vertebral ayathinteka. Ubuhlungu buyaqina lapho uzama ukudonsa umoya, kanye nalapho ukhwehlela. Ngezinye izikhathi abantu badida ukuzwa okubuhlungu okunjalo nobuhlungu benhliziyo kanye ne-intercostal neuralgia. Odokotela batusa ukuthi iziguli zinganqamuli ukujula kokuphefumulelwa, zingashintshi ekuphefumuleni okungajulile.
Ukuwohloka kwemizwa. Akuzona zonke iziguli ezinesifo sika-Bechterew ezihlushwa ukuwohloka nokucindezeleka. Ukunganaki kwenzeka kuphela kwezinye iziguli.
Umuzwa wokucindezela esifubeni. Kubonakala ngenxa yokuwohloka kokuhamba kwezimbambo. Abantu abane-ankylosing spondylitis bashintshela ekuphefumuleni kwesisu.
Ukuwisa ikhanda. Lesi sibonakaliso senzeka ngenxa yokuthi amalunga ahlupheka, futhi ikholomu yomgogodla ngokwayo ikhubazekile.
Ukuvinjelwa kokuhamba.
Izimpawu zesigaba sekwephuzile
Ekupheleni kokukhula kwalesi sifo, umuntu uba nezimpawu ezilandelayo:
Izimpawu ze-radiculitis. Zibonakala ngobuhlungu obunzima emgogodleni, ukuba ndikindiki kwemisipha, ukugubha kwabo. Endaweni ethintekile, ukuzwela kwe-tactile kunciphisa, imisipha ilahlekelwa ithoni yayo, ibe buthakathaka futhi i-atrophy. Noma yimuphi umsebenzi womzimba uholela ebuhlungu obukhulayo.
Ukwephulwa kokunikezwa kwegazi ebuchosheni. Umuntu unekhanda elibuhlungu, libuhlungu, lishaya, livame ukugxila esifundeni se-occipital. Isiguli sihlushwa isiyezi kanye ne-tinnitus, ukuphazamiseka okubukwayo kungase kwenzeke. Ukuwohloka komsoco wobuchopho kungabonakala ngokunyuka kwenhliziyo, ukushisa okushisayo, ukujuluka, ukucasuka, ubuthakathaka kanye nokwanda kokukhathala.
Ukuphefumula. Ukuhlaselwa kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ukuhamba kwesifuba kuba kubi, ingcindezi emaphashini iyanda, imithambo yegazi iyacindezelwa.
Ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi. Lesi sibonakaliso sikhula ngenxa yokuthi ukunikezwa kwegazi ebuchosheni kuyahlupheka, umthwalo emithanjeni kanye nenhliziyo iyanda.
Ukukhubazeka komgogodla. Amalunga akhe ayagobhoza, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kokuhamba kwawo. Isifunda somlomo wesibeletho sigxila kakhulu phambili, futhi isifunda se-thoracic sibuyele emuva.
Izimpawu zokulimala kwezinye izitho
Kuye ngohlobo lwesifo, izimpawu ze-ankylosing spondylitis zizohluka.
Ngefomu le-rhizomelic, amalunga e-hip ahlupheka, ngakho-ke izimpawu ze-pathology zingahlukaniswa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
I-Ossification yekholomu yomgogodla.
Ukuthuthuka kancane kwezimpawu ze-pathological.
Ubuhlungu esifundeni se-hip joints. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bazolimaza kakhulu.
I-irradiation yobuhlungu ethangeni, i-groin, amadolo.
Ngendlela ye-peripheral yesifo, amalunga amadolo nezinyawo ayathinteka.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokwephulwa:
Isikhathi eside, lezo zimpawu kuphela ezithinta ikholomu yomgogodla zihlupha umuntu.
Ikakhulukazi intsha ihlushwa uhlobo lwalesi sifo. Kamuva i-pathology iqala kumuntu, izingozi zokulimala kwamalunga ziyancipha.
Ubuhlungu bugxile emadolweni nasemaqakaleni.
Amalunga akhubazekile, ayayeka ukwenza umsebenzi wawo ngendlela evamile.
Ifomu laseScandinavia lesi sifo libonakaliswa yizimpawu ezifana nalezi:
Ukulimala kwamalunga amancane ezinyawo nezandla.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amalunga ayakhubazeka, ukuhamba kwawo kuba kubi.
Umtholampilo wohlobo lwaseScandinavia lwalesi sifo ufana ne-rheumatoid arthritis.
Izinkinga ze-ankylosing spondylitis
Naphezu kwentuthuko kwezokwelapha zanamuhla, izimbangela eziqondile zesifo sikaBechterew azikaziwa.
Odokotela benza imibono kuphela mayelana nokuthi i-pathology ingathuthuka ngenxa yalokhu:
I-Hereditary predisposition ekuthuthukisweni kwe-pathology. Njengoba okuphawuliwe kubonisa, isifo sika-Bechterew sithathelwana sisuka kubaba siye endodaneni emacaleni angama-89%.
Kudluliselwe izifo ze-urogenital. Amathuba okuthuthukisa isifo sikaBechterew ayanda uma ukutheleleka kwe-urogenital kunenkambo engapheli, futhi umuntu akakutholi ukwelashwa okwanele.
Ukunciphisa ukuzivikela. Izizathu zokuba buthakathaka kwezivikelo zomzimba zingahlukahluka kakhulu. Uma amasosha omzimba ebuthakathaka, ayanda amathuba okuba ne-ankylosing spondylitis.
Okokuqala, ngesifo sikaBechterew, isifunda se-sacrum ne-iliac siyathinteka, bese i-pathology isakazeka kwamanye amalunga.
Diagnostics
Ukuze kwenziwe ukuxilongwa okufanele, isiguli sizodinga uchungechunge lwezifundo. Ngaphandle kokuxilongwa okuphelele, ngeke kwenzeke ukunquma isifo sikaBechterew.
Imuphi udokotela ongaxhumana naye?
Uma umuntu enezimpawu ezingase zibonise i-ankylosing spondylitis, udinga ukuxhumana nochwepheshe abanjengo:
Umelaphi. Udokotela angase asole lesi sifo ukuze enze ukuxilongwa kokuqala. Ukukucacisa, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kanye nokuvakasha kodokotela bengcweti emincane kuzodingeka.
Udokotela wezilwane. Lo dokotela ugxile ezifweni zomgogodla.
Isazi se-Rheumatologist. Lo dokotela welapha i-rheumatism namanye ama-pathologies ahlangene.
Udokotela Wamathambo. Udokotela walokhu okukhethekile ubambe iqhaza ekuhlonzeni nasekwelapheni izifo zesistimu ye-musculoskeletal.
Ukuhlolwa kwezinsimbi kanye nelabhorethri
Okokuqala, udokotela uhlola umlando wesiguli, enze ukuhlolwa, ashaye umgogodla namanye amalunga, futhi ahlole ukuhamba kwawo.
Uphenyo okudingeka lwenziwe ukuze kucaciswe ukuxilongwa:
I-Radiography yomgogodla.
I-MRI yomgogodla.
Ukunikela ngegazi ukuze kuhlaziywe jikelele. Isiguli sizoba nezinga le-ESR eliphakeme kanye nokusabela okuhle kwe-DPA, okubonisa inqubo yokuvuvukala emzimbeni. Kulokhu, isici se-rheumatoid sizobe singekho.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-HLA-B27 antigen. Lolu cwaningo lwenziwa ezimweni eziyimpikiswano.
Izindlela zokuxilonga ezifundisa kakhulu i-MRI kanye ne-radiography.
Ukwelashwa kwe-ankylosing spondylitis
Ngeke kwenzeke ukwelapha ngokuphelele isifo sikaBechterew. Kodwa-ke, uma ukwelashwa kwaqalwa ngesikhathi, khona-ke kuyenzeka ukuthi kumiswe ukuqhubeka kwayo, kuvimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwesiguli. Isiguli sinqunyelwe ukwelashwa impilo yonke, okungafanele kuphazamiseke. Udokotela uzodinga ukuvakashela uhlelo. Uma kungenjalo, i-pathology izoqhubeka.
Ukwelashwa okungezona izidakamizwa
Ngokwayo, ukwelashwa okungezona izidakamizwa ngeke kuvumele ukufeza umphumela omuhle, kodwa ngokuhlanganiswa nokulungiswa kwezidakamizwa kanye ne-kinesitherapy, umphumela ngeke ube yisikhathi eside.
Izindlela ezingasetshenziswa ku-Bechterew's disease:
Umphumela we-Physiotherapeutic emzimbeni. Iziguli zingaboniswa i-magnetotherapy, ukwelashwa kwe-ultrasound, i-balneotherapy, ukuthatha i-bischofite, i-sodium chloride namabhati e-hydrogen sulfide.
Ukwelashwa kwe-X-ray. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kuhilela ukuchayeka kwe-x-reyi endaweni ethintekile.
Ukushisa. Kuboniswa ngemva kokufinyelela ekuxolelweni okuzinzile. Kuyadingeka ukuthonya umgogodla ngendlela efanele, uchwepheshe kuphela ovunyelwe ukwenza inqubo. Uma kungenjalo, ungalimaza umuntu.
Ukwelapha ngokuzivocavoca. Isiguli kufanele sihlanganyele ezemidlalo eziguquliwe. I-complex yenziwe ngesisekelo somuntu ngamunye. Ukuzivocavoca nsuku zonke kuzovimbela i-tissue ossification futhi kugcine ukusebenza kwekholomu yomgogodla.
I-Kinesitherapy Ukwelashwa ngamasu okuphefumula nokunyakaza.
Ukwenza izivivinyo echibini. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukubhukuda, udinga ukubonana nodokotela.
Ukwenza ama-gymnastic exercises ekumisweni okukhethekile.
Ividiyo: indaba yempilo yangempela: