Muva nje, umhleli wephephabhuku elicwebezelayo wangicela ukuba ngiphawule ngodaba lweziphuzo ezidakayo ngendlela yempilo enempilo, futhi lesi sicelo sangiholela ekutheni ngishicilele udaba oluphathelene notshwala. Kwabaningi bethu, iwayini noma iziphuzo ezinamandla yingxenye ebalulekile yendlela yokuphila))) Ake sibone ukuthi zingaki eziphephile nokuthi ososayensi abanegunya bacabangani ngale ndaba.
Ukuphuza ngokulinganisela kungasiza empilweni yakho, kepha imiphumela yotshwala iqhutshwa kakhulu ngofuzo futhi ifaka nezingozi, ngakho-ke uma ungaphuzi kungcono ukuthi ungaqali, futhi uma uphuza, yehlisa umthamo! Lezi yizindatshana zendatshana ekhishwe yiHarvard School of Public Health futhi isuselwa ezifundweni eziningi. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinzuzo nezingozi zokuphuza utshwala ngezansi.
Izinzuzo ezingenzeka zezempilo zotshwala
Okokuqala, bekhuluma ngezinzuzo ezingaba khona zotshwala, abalobi be-athikili bayaxwayisa: sikhuluma ngakho ukuphuza utshwala ngokulingene… Kuyini “ukusetshenziswa ngokulingene”? Kunemininingwane ehlukile kuleli banga. Kepha muva nje, ososayensi bayavuma ukuthi isilinganiso sansuku zonke akumele seqe isabelo esisodwa noma ezimbili zotshwala kwabesilisa nenye esetshenziselwa abesifazane. Ukukhonza okukodwa kungamamililitha ayi-12 kuye kwayi-14 otshwala (lokho cishe kungamamililitha angama-350 kabhiya, amamitha ayi-150 ewayini, noma ama-millilitre angama-45 e-whisky).
Izifundo ezingaba yikhulu ezingaba khona zibonisa ukuhlobana phakathi kokuphuza utshwala ngokulinganisela kanye nokwehla okungama-25-40% engcupheni yesifo senhliziyo (isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, isifo semithambo yegazi, njll.). Le nhlangano ibonakala kwabesilisa nabesifazane okungenzeka ukuthi abanawo umlando wesifo senhliziyo, noma abanezingozi ezinkulu zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, noma abaphethwe yisifo senhliziyo (okubandakanya uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo II nomfutho wegazi ophakeme). Izinzuzo futhi zinabela nakubantu abadala.
Iqiniso ngukuthi utshwala obulinganiselwe buphakamisa i-lipoprotein (HDL, noma “cholesterol” enhle), yona evikela izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithamo yotshwala elinganiselayo ithuthukisa ukujiya kwegazi, okuvimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule amancane egazi, okungukuthi, ngokuvimba imithambo yenhliziyo, intamo nobuchopho, kuvame ukudala ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi.
Kubantu abaphuza utshwala ngokulinganisela, kwatholakala ezinye izinguquko ezinhle: ukwanda kwe-insulin kwanda, futhi amatshe enyongo kanye nohlobo II lwesifo sikashukela kwakungavamile kakhulu kwabangaphuzi.
Okubaluleke kakhulu akunjalo ukuthi uyaphuza futhi as… Iziphuzo eziyisikhombisa ngoMgqibelo ebusuku futhi ukungasanguluki isonto lonke akufani nesiphuzo esisodwa ngosuku. Ukuphuza utshwala okungenani izinsuku ezintathu noma ezine ngesonto kuhlotshaniswe nengozi encishisiwe ye-infarction ye-myocardial.
Izingozi zokuphuza utshwala
Ngeshwa, akubona bonke abantu abakwaziyo ukulungisa ukunikezwa kotshwala okukodwa. Futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngokweqile kunomthelela onamandla emzimbeni. Kubonakala kimi ukuthi akusizi ngalutho ukubhala imiphumela yokudakwa, sonke siyazi ngayo, noma kunjalo: kungadala ukuvuvukala kwesibindi (i-hepatitis yotshwala) futhi kuholele ekulimaleni kwesibindi (i-cirrhosis) - isifo esingahle sibulale ; ingakhuphula umfutho wegazi futhi ilimaze imisipha yenhliziyo (i-cardiomyopathy). Kunobufakazi obuqinile bokuthi utshwala buhambisana nokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza womlomo womlomo, umphimbo, umphimbo, umphimbo, ikholoni kanye nengxenyeni.
Ocwaningweni olubandakanya abesifazane abangaphezu kuka-320, bathole ukuthi ukuphuza iziphuzo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ngosuku kwandisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza webele ngo-40%. Lokhu akusho ukuthi u-40% wabesifazane abaphuza iziphuzo ezimbili ngosuku noma ngaphezulu bazoba nomdlavuza webele. Kepha eqenjini lokuphuza, inani lamacala omdlavuza webele lenyuka lisuka esilinganisweni sase-US seshumi nantathu kuya kwali-XNUMX kubo bonke abesifazane be-XNUMX.
Ukubheka okuningi kuphakamisa ukuthi utshwala kungenzeka bube nomthelela ekukhuleni komdlavuza wesibindi nomdlavuza obomvu kwabesifazane. Ababhemayo basengozini enkulu.
Ngisho ukuphuza utshwala ngokulinganisela kunezingozi: ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa okuyingozi (kufaka phakathi i-paracetamol, i-antidepressants, i-anticonvulsants, izinhlungu zokunciphisa izinhlungu nezidakamizwa), ukuncika kotshwala, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanomlando womndeni wokudakwa ngokweqile.
Izakhi zofuzo zibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekubeni umlutha kotshwala nasekunciphiseni kotshwala. Isibonelo, izakhi zofuzo zingathonya ukuthi utshwala buluthinta kanjani uhlelo lwezinhliziyo. Elinye lama-enzyme asiza ukugaya utshwala (i-alcohol dehydrogenase) likhona ngezindlela ezimbili: eyokuqala ibuphuza ngokushesha utshwala, enye ibwenza kancane. Abaphuza abalinganiselayo abanamakhophi amabili ohlobo “olungasheshi” basengozini ephansi kakhulu yesifo senhliziyo kunabaphuza abalinganiselayo abanezakhi zofuzo ezimbili ze-enzyme esheshayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi i-enzyme esebenza ngokushesha iphule utshwala ngaphambi kokuba ibe nomthelela omuhle ku-HDL nasezimbuzweni zokuvala igazi.
Futhi omunye umphumela omubi wotshwala: uvimba ukumuncwa kwe-folic acid. I-Folic acid (uvithamini B) iyadingeka ukwakha i-DNA, ngokuhlukaniswa kweseli okuqondile. Ukwengezwa kwe-folic acid supplementation kunganciphisa lo mphumela wotshwala. Ngakho-ke, ama-micrograms angama-600 ale vithamini aphikisana nomphumela wokuphuza utshwala ngokulingene engcupheni yokuba nomdlavuza webele.
Ungalinganisa kanjani izingozi nezinzuzo?
Utshwala buthinta umzimba ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi kuya ngezimpawu zomuntu othile, ngakho-ke azikho izincomo ezijwayelekile. Isibonelo, uma umncane, usebenza kahle, ungabhemi, udla ukudla okunempilo, futhi ungenawo umlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo, ukuphuza utshwala ngokulinganisela ngeke kwengeze engcupheni yesifo senhliziyo.
Uma ungabuphuzi nhlobo utshwala, asikho isidingo sokuqala. Ungathola izinzuzo ezifanayo ngokuzivocavoca umzimba nangokudla okunempilo.
Uma ungakaze ube ngumuntu ophuza ngokweqile futhi ube nengozini elinganiselayo kuya phezulu yesifo senhliziyo, ukuphuza isiphuzo esisodwa sotshwala ngosuku kunganciphisa leyo ngozi. Kwabesifazane abasesimweni esifanayo, cabanga ukuthi utshwala bunyusa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza webele.