Yamukela njengedatha: amabhizinisi afunda kanjani ukwenza inzuzo ngedatha enkulu

Ngokuhlaziya idatha enkulu, izinkampani zifunda ukwembula amaphethini afihliwe, zithuthukise ukusebenza kwazo kwebhizinisi. Isiqondiso siyimfashini, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu ongazuza kudatha enkulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesiko lokusebenza nabo

“Uma igama lomuntu landile, maningi amathuba okuthi akhokhe ngesikhathi. Uma indlu yakho inezitezi eziningi, ngokwezibalo uba umboleki ongcono. Uphawu lwezinkanyezi cishe alunawo umthelela emathubeni okubuyiselwa imali, kodwa i-psychotype yenza ngokuphawulekayo, "kusho uStanislav Duzhinsky, umhlaziyi we-Home Credit Bank, mayelana namaphethini angalindelekile ekuziphatheni kwababoleki. Akazibophezeli ukuchaza amaningi ala maphethini - embulwe ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, obucubungula izinkulungwane zamaphrofayili wamakhasimende.

Lawa amandla amakhulu ezibalo zedatha: ngokuhlaziya inani elikhulu ledatha engahlelekile, uhlelo lungathola ukuhlobana okuningi umhlaziyi ongumuntu ohlakaniphe kakhulu angakwazi nakwazi ngakho. Noma iyiphi inkampani inenani elikhulu ledatha engahlelekile (idatha enkulu) - mayelana nabasebenzi, amakhasimende, abalingani, izimbangi, ezingasetshenziselwa inzuzo yebhizinisi: ukuthuthukisa umphumela wokukhushulwa, ukufeza ukukhula kokuthengisa, ukunciphisa inzuzo yabasebenzi, njll.

Abokuqala ukusebenza ngedatha enkulu kwakuyizinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe nezokuxhumana, izikhungo zezezimali nezitolo, kuphawula uRafail Miftakhov, umqondisi weDeloitte Technology Integration Group, CIS. Manje kunesithakazelo kuzixazululo ezinjalo ezimbonini eziningi. Zizuzeni izinkampani? Futhi ingabe ukuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu kuhlale kuholela eziphethweni ezibalulekile?

Amabhange asebenzisa ama-algorithms amakhulu edatha ngokuyinhloko ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lwamakhasimende nokwandisa izindleko, kanye nokuphatha ubungozi nokulwa nokukhwabanisa. "Eminyakeni yamuva nje, uguquko lwangempela lwenzekile emkhakheni wokuhlaziya idatha enkulu," kusho uDuzhinsky. "Ukusetshenziswa komshini wokufunda kusivumela ukuba sibikezele amathuba okukhokha imali ebolekiwe ngokunembe kakhulu - ubugebenga ebhange lethu buyi-3,9% kuphela." Uma kuqhathaniswa, kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2019, isabelo semali mboleko enezinkokhelo ezidlulelwe yisikhathi ezinsukwini ezingama-90 emalimboleko enikezwe abantu ngabanye, ngokusho kweBhange Elikhulu, i-5%.

Ngisho nezinhlangano zezezimali ezincane ziyaxakeka ukucwaninga kwedatha enkulu. "Ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zezezimali ngaphandle kokuhlaziya idatha enkulu namuhla kufana nokwenza izibalo ngaphandle kwezinombolo," kusho u-Andrey Ponomarev, oyi-CEO yeWebbankir, inkundla yokuboleka ku-inthanethi. "Sikhipha imali nge-inthanethi ngaphandle kokubona ikhasimende noma ipasipoti yalo, futhi ngokungafani nokubolekwa kwendabuko, akumele nje sihlole ukuthi umuntu uyakwazi yini ukukhokhela, kodwa futhi sihlonze ubuntu bakhe."

Manje isizindalwazi senkampani sigcina imininingwane kumakhasimende angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-500. Uhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye olusha luhlaziywa ngale datha kumapharamitha angaba ngu-800. Uhlelo alubheki nje kuphela ubulili, ubudala, isimo somshado kanye nomlando wesikweletu, kodwa futhi idivayisi lapho umuntu angena khona endaweni yesikhulumi, ukuthi uziphathe kanjani kusayithi. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kuthuse ukuthi lowo ongase abe umboleki akazange asebenzise isibali semalimboleko noma akazange abuze ngemibandela yemalimboleko. "Ngaphandle kwezinto ezimbalwa zokumisa - yithi, asikhiphi imali mboleko kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-19 ubudala - akukho neyodwa yale mingcele ngokwayo eyisizathu sokwenqaba noma sokuvuma ukukhipha imalimboleko," kuchaza uPonomarev. Kuyinhlanganisela yezinto ezibalulekile. Ezimweni ezingu-95%, isinqumo senziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kochwepheshe abavela emnyangweni obhala ngaphansi.

Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu kusivumela ukuthi sithole amaphethini athokozisayo, amasheya we-Ponomarev. Isibonelo, abasebenzisi be-iPhone baphenduke ababoleki abanokuziphatha kakhulu kunabanikazi bemishini ye-Android - abangaphambili bathola ukugunyazwa kwezicelo izikhathi ezingu-1,7 kaningi. "Iqiniso lokuthi abasebenzi bezempi ababuyiseli imali ebolekiwe cishe ingxenye yesine izikhathi ezimbalwa kunomboleki ojwayelekile bekungelona isimanga," kusho uPonomarev. "Kodwa abafundi ngokuvamile akulindelekile ukuthi baphoqeleke, kodwa okwamanje, amacala okuhluleka ukukhokha izikweletu ajwayelekile ngo-10% kunesilinganiso sesisekelo."

Ucwaningo lwedatha enkulu luvumela amagoli kubadayisi bomshwalensi futhi. Isungulwe ngo-2016, i-IDX ibambe iqhaza ekuhlonzeni okukude nokuqinisekiswa kwe-inthanethi kwamadokhumenti. Lawa masevisi adingeka kakhulu kubadayisi bomshwalense wezimpahla abanentshisekelo yokulahleka kwezimpahla kancane ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla, umshwalense, ngemvume yomshayeli, uhlola ukwethembeka, kuchaza uJan Sloka, umqondisi wezohwebo we-IDX. Kanye nozakwethu - inkampani yaseSt. Petersburg "I-Risk Control" - i-IDX ithuthukise isevisi evumela ukuthi uhlole ukuthi ungubani umshayeli, idatha yepasipoti namalungelo, ukubamba iqhaza ezenzakalweni ezihlobene nokulahlekelwa kwempahla, njll Ngemva kokuhlaziya I-database yabashayeli, inkampani ihlonze "iqembu lengozi": imvamisa, imithwalo ilahleka phakathi kwabashayeli abaneminyaka engu-30-40 abanolwazi olude lokushayela, abavame ukushintsha imisebenzi muva nje. Kubuye kwavela ukuthi imithwalo ivame ukwebiwa ngabashayeli bezimoto, impilo yesevisi edlula iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili.

Abathengisi banomsebenzi ohlukile - ukukhomba amakhasimende alungele ukuthenga, futhi anqume izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuwaletha kusayithi noma esitolo. Kuze kube manje, izinhlelo zihlaziya iphrofayili yamakhasimende, idatha evela ku-akhawunti yawo siqu, umlando wokuthenga, imibuzo yosesho kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamaphoyinti ebhonasi, okuqukethwe kobhasikidi be-elekthronikhi abaqale ukuwagcwalisa futhi bawashiya. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kukuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise yonke imininingwane egciniwe futhi ukhombe amaqembu alabo abangase babe abathengi abangase babe nesithakazelo esicelweni esithile, kusho u-Kirill Ivanov, umqondisi wehhovisi ledatha leqembu le-M.Video-Eldorado.

Isibonelo, uhlelo luhlonza amaqembu amakhasimende, ngalinye elithanda amathuluzi okuthengisa ahlukene - imali mboleko engenanzalo, imbuyiselo, noma ikhodi yephromo yesaphulelo. Laba bathengi bathola i-newsletter ye-imeyili enephromoshini ehambisanayo. Amathuba okuthi umuntu, evule incwadi, uzoya kuwebhusayithi yenkampani, kulokhu kukhula kakhulu, amanothi e-Ivanov.

Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha nakho kukuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo ehlobene nezinsiza. Uhlelo, olucubungule umlando woku-oda wamanye amakhasimende, lunikeza umthengi izincomo mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele ayithenge kanye nomkhiqizo okhethiwe. Ukuhlolwa kwale ndlela yomsebenzi, ngokusho kuka-Ivanov, kubonise ukwanda kwenani lama-oda anezesekeli ngo-12% kanye nokwenyuka kwenzuzo yezesekeli ngo-15%.

Abathengisi akubona bodwa abalwela ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesevisi nokwandisa ukuthengisa. Ngehlobo eledlule, i-MegaFon yethule isevisi yokunikezwayo “ehlakaniphile” esekelwe ekucutshungulweni kwedatha evela ezigidini zababhalisile. Ngemva kokufunda ukuziphatha kwabo, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buye bafunda ukwenza ukunikezwa komuntu siqu kweklayenti ngalinye ngaphakathi kwezindleko. Isibonelo, uma uhlelo luphawula ukuthi umuntu ubukela ividiyo ngenkuthalo kudivayisi yakhe, isevisi izomnikeza ukukhulisa inani lethrafikhi yeselula. Ngokucabangela okuthandwa ngabasebenzisi, inkampani inikeza ababhalisi ithrafikhi engenamkhawulo yezinhlobo abazithandayo zokungcebeleka ku-inthanethi - isibonelo, ukusebenzisa izithunywa ezisheshayo noma ukulalela umculo ezinsizeni zokusakaza, ukuxoxa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana noma ukubuka izinhlelo ze-TV.

"Sihlaziya ukuziphatha kwababhalisile futhi siqonde ukuthi izithakazelo zabo zishintsha kanjani," kuchaza u-Vitaly Shcherbakov, umqondisi wezibalo ezinkulu zedatha e-MegaFon. "Ngokwesibonelo, kulo nyaka, ithrafikhi ye-AliExpress ikhule izikhathi ezingu-1,5 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, futhi ngokuvamile, inani lokuvakashelwa ezitolo zezingubo ze-intanethi liyakhula: izikhathi ezingu-1,2-2, kuye ngesisetshenziswa esithile."

Esinye isibonelo somsebenzi we-opharetha onedatha enkulu yinkundla ye-MegaFon Poisk yokusesha izingane ezilahlekile kanye nabantu abadala. Uhlelo luhlaziya ukuthi yibaphi abantu abangaba seduze nendawo yomuntu olahlekile, bese lubathumelela ulwazi olunesithombe nezimpawu zomuntu olahlekile. Umsebenzisi uthuthukise futhi wahlola uhlelo kanye noMnyango Wezangaphakathi kanye nenhlangano ye-Lisa Alert: phakathi nemizuzu emibili yokuqondiswa komuntu olahlekile, ababhalisile abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezi-2 bathola, okwandisa kakhulu amathuba omphumela wokusesha ophumelelayo.

Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu nakho kuthole ukusetshenziswa embonini. Lapha kukuvumela ukuthi ubikezele isidingo futhi uhlele ukuthengisa. Ngakho-ke, eqenjini lezinkampani zaseCherkizovo, eminyakeni emithathu edlule, isisombululo esisekelwe ku-SAP BW sasetshenziswa, esikuvumela ukuthi ugcine futhi ucubungule yonke imininingwane yokuthengisa: amanani, i-assortment, umthamo wemikhiqizo, ukukhushulwa, iziteshi zokusabalalisa, kusho uVladislav Belyaev, CIO. weqembu ” Cherkizovo. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-2 TB eqoqiwe yolwazi akwenzanga nje kuphela ukuthi kube nokwenzeka ukwakha i-assortment ngempumelelo nokwandisa iphothifoliyo yomkhiqizo, kodwa futhi kusize umsebenzi wabasebenzi. Isibonelo, ukulungisa umbiko wokuthengisa wansuku zonke kuzodinga umsebenzi wosuku wabahlaziyi abaningi - ababili engxenyeni ngayinye yomkhiqizo. Manje lo mbiko ulungiswa irobhothi, lichitha imizuzu engama-30 kuphela kuzo zonke izingxenye.

"Embonini, idatha enkulu isebenza ngokuphumelelayo ngokuhambisana ne-Inthanethi yezinto," kusho uStanislav Meshkov, i-CEO ye-Umbrella IT. "Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha evela kuzinzwa imishini efakwe ngazo, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhonjwe ukuphambuka ekusebenzeni kwayo futhi kuvimbele ukuphuka, nokubikezela ukusebenza."

E-Severstal, ngosizo lwedatha enkulu, baphinde bazame ukuxazulula imisebenzi engeyona into encane - isibonelo, ukunciphisa izinga lokulimala. Ngo-2019, inkampani yabela cishe i-RUB 1,1 billion ngezinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi. I-Severstal ilindele ukunciphisa izinga lokulimala nge-2025% nge-50 (uma kuqhathaniswa ne-2017). “Uma umphathi—induna, umphathi wendawo, umphathi wesitolo - eqaphela ukuthi isisebenzi senza imisebenzi ethile ngokungaphephile (esingabambeli ezinsimbini lapho sikhuphuka izitebhisi endaweni yezimboni noma singazigqoki zonke izinto zokuzivikela), uyabhala. inothi elikhethekile kuye - i-PAB (kusukela "kucwaningwa kwezokuphepha kokuziphatha")," kusho u-Boris Voskresensky, inhloko yomnyango wokuhlaziya idatha yenkampani.

Ngemva kokuhlaziya idatha ngenani lama-PAB kwesinye sezigaba, ochwepheshe benkampani bathola ukuthi imithetho yezokuphepha yayivame ukwephulwa yilabo asebevele benezinkulumo ezimbalwa ngaphambili, kanye nalabo ababethathe ikhefu lokugula noma eholidini maduze nje. isigameko. Ukwephulwa kwemithetho evikini lokuqala ngemva kokubuya eholidini noma ilivu yokugula kwakuphindwe kabili kunasesikhathini esilandelayo: 1 uma kuqhathaniswa no-0,55%. Kodwa ukusebenza ebusuku, njengoba kwavela, akuthinti izibalo ze-PABs.

Ukudala ama-algorithms okucubungula idatha enkulu akuyona ingxenye enzima kakhulu yomsebenzi, kusho abamele inkampani. Kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe bungasetshenziswa kanjani kumongo webhizinisi ngalinye. Yilapho isithende sika-Achilles sabahlaziyi benkampani ngisho nabahlinzeki bangaphandle ilele khona, okubukeka sengathi baqongelele ubuchwepheshe emkhakheni wedatha enkulu.

"Ngangivame ukuhlangana nabahlaziyi bedatha abakhulu ababengochwepheshe bezibalo abahle kakhulu, kodwa bengenakho ukuqonda okudingekayo kwezinqubo zebhizinisi," kusho uSergey Kotik, umqondisi wezokuthuthukiswa kwaGoodsForecast. Ukhumbula ukuthi eminyakeni emibili edlule inkampani yakhe yaba nethuba lokubamba iqhaza emqhudelwaneni wokubikezela isidingo sochungechunge lwezitolo zombuso. Kwakhethwa indawo yokuhlola, yazo zonke izimpahla nezitolo abahlanganyeli ababikezele ngazo. Izibikezelo zabe seziqhathaniswa nokuthengiswa kwangempela. Indawo yokuqala yathathwa omunye wemidondoshiya ye-Inthanethi yaseRussia, eyaziwa ngobuchwepheshe bayo bokufunda ngomshini nokuhlaziywa kwedatha: ekubikezelweni kwayo, ibonise ukuphambuka okuncane ekuthengisweni kwangempela.

Kodwa lapho inethiwekhi iqala ukufunda izibikezelo zakhe ngokuningiliziwe, kwavela ukuthi ngokombono webhizinisi, awamukeleki neze. Le nkampani yethula imodeli ekhiqiza izinhlelo zokuthengisa ezinombhalo ophansi ohlelekile. Uhlelo lubone ukuthi lingawanciphisa kanjani amathuba amaphutha ezibikezelweni: kuphephe kakhudlwana ukubukela phansi ukuthengisa, njengoba iphutha elikhulu lingaba ngu-100% (akukho ukuthengiswa okungalungile), kodwa ekuqondeni kokubikezela, kungaba kukhulu ngokungafanele, Kuchaza uKotik. Ngamanye amazwi, inkampani yethule imodeli yezibalo efanelekile, ezimweni zangempela ezoholela ezitolo ezingenalutho kanye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu okuvela kuma-undersales. Ngenxa yalokho, enye inkampani iwine umncintiswano, okungenzeka ukubala kwayo kusetshenziswe.

Ubuchwepheshe bedatha enkulu bufanelekile ezimbonini eziningi, kodwa ukuqaliswa kwabo okusebenzayo akwenzeki yonke indawo, amanothi kaMeshkov. Isibonelo, ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kunenkinga ngokugcinwa kwedatha: ulwazi oluningi luqoqwe futhi lubuyekezwa njalo, kodwa ingxenye enkulu le datha ayikafakwa kwidijithali. Kukhona futhi idatha eningi kuma-ejensi kahulumeni, kodwa ayihlanganisiwe ibe yiqoqo elivamile. Ukwakhiwa kwenkundla yolwazi ehlangene ye-National Data Management System (NCMS) kuhloswe ngayo ukuxazulula le nkinga, kusho uchwepheshe.

Kodwa-ke, izwe lethu likude nezwe kuphela lapho ezinhlanganweni eziningi izinqumo ezibalulekile zenziwa ngesisekelo sokuqonda, hhayi ukuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu. Ngo-April nyakenye, i-Deloitte yenza inhlolovo phakathi kwabaholi abangaphezu kwenkulungwane bezinkampani ezinkulu zaseMelika (ezinabasebenzi abangama-500 noma ngaphezulu) futhi yathola ukuthi u-63% walabo abahloliwe ujwayelene nobuchwepheshe bedatha emikhulu, kodwa abanakho konke okudingekayo. ingqalasizinda ukuzisebenzisa. Khonamanjalo, phakathi kwama-37% ezinkampani ezinezinga eliphezulu lokuvuthwa kokuhlaziya, cishe ingxenye yedlule kakhulu imigomo yebhizinisi ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule.

Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ngaphezu kobunzima bokusebenzisa izixazululo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, inkinga ebalulekile ezinkampanini ukuntuleka kwesiko lokusebenza nedatha. Akufanele ulindele imiphumela emihle uma umthwalo wezinqumo ezenziwe ngesisekelo sedatha enkulu unikezwa kuphela abahlaziyi benkampani, hhayi kuyo yonke inkampani iyonke. "Manje izinkampani zifuna amacala athokozisayo okusebenzisa idatha enkulu," kusho uMiftakhov. "Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukuqaliswa kwezinye izimo kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinhlelweni zokuqoqa, ukucubungula nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yedatha eyengeziwe engakaze ihlaziywe ngaphambili." Maye, "izibalo akukabi umdlalo weqembu," bayavuma ababhali bocwaningo.